, press-level). Network cards, bridges, and Layer two switches
Network layer: Routers, gateways, and layer three switches
Transport layer: four-layer switch
Session Layer: Layer five switch
Presentation layer: Six-layer switch
Application layer: computer, load balancer and 70% switch
TCP/IP network protocolTCP/IP (transmission Control pro
I. troubleshooting commands
1. show command:
1) Global commands:
Show version; displays the system hardware and software versions, DRAM, Flash
Show startup-config; displays the configuration content written into NVRAM
Show running-config; displays the currently running configuration content
Show buffers; Detailed output buffer name and size
Show stacks; provides the router process and processor utilization information, using stack decode
Show tech-support; displays the output of several show com
TCP/IP layer-4 model and OSI Layer-7 ModelTable 1-1 is the table corresponding to the TCP/IP layer-4 model and the OSI Layer-7 model. We map the OSI Layer-7 network model with the Linux TCP/IP layer-4 concept model, and then class
data sent by the sending side does not overflow the receiving buffer. The window changes dynamically at all times: When receiving data from the sending end, the window size decreases; when the receiving end application process reads data from the buffer, the window size increases.
Finally, the TCP connection is full duplex ).
TCP features:
TCP data format:
, press-level). Network cards, bridges, and Layer two switches
Network layer: Routers, gateways, and layer three switches
Transport layer: four-layer switch
Session Layer: Layer five switch
Presentation layer: Six-layer switch
Application layer: computer, load balancer and 70% switch
TCP/IP network protocolTCP/IP (transmission Control pro
must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/IP as the Transport layer protocol. ”And what
must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/IP as the Transport layer protocol. ”And what
application layer."If you want to make the transferred data meaningful, you must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/
must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/IP as the Transport layer protocol. ”And what
layer."If you want to make the transferred data meaningful, you must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/
Networks are classified from bottom to top
Physical Layer, data link layer, network layer, transmission layer, Session Layer, presentation layer, and application layer.
Through preliminary understanding, I know that the IP protocol corresponds to the network layer, the TCP protocol corresponds to the transmission layer, and the HTTP protocol corresponds to the application layer,
Essentially, they are not co
be identified. To make the transmitted data meaningful, you must use the application layer protocol. There are many application layer protocols, for example, HTTP, FTP, and TELNET, you can also customize the application layer protocol. The WEB uses HTTP as the application layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information, and then uses TCP/IP as the transport
must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/IP as the Transport layer protocol. ”And what
must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/IP as the Transport layer protocol. ”And what
Networks are classified from bottom to top
Physical Layer, data link layer, network layer, transmission layer, Session Layer, presentation layer, and application layer.
Through preliminary understanding, I know that the IP protocol corresponds to the network layer, the TCP protocol corresponds to the transmission layer, and the HTTP protocol corresponds to the application layer,
Essentially, they are not co
must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/IP as the Transport layer protocol. ”And what
languages have met each other and cannot communicate with each other. Therefore, they need to define something in common for communication, and TCP/IP is born for this. TCP/IP is not a single protocol, but a collective name of a protocol family. It includes the IP protocol,
Doing a good deed today compares the IP layer protocol number and TCP layer port number duplication.The Protocol field of the IP layer indicates the protocol used by the transport layer to determine the decoding program used when the data is decoded from the bottom to the upper layer, the field is a byte, so it can characterize up to 256
During this period, I read volume 1 in "TCP/IP details". The biggest feature of this book is that it uses the tcpdump program to capture various network packages, this gives us a definite understanding of the protocols and Algorithms in each layer of the network. It is the protocol discussed in this book and its hierarchy.
1.
must use the application-layer protocol.There are many application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., and you can define the application layer protocol yourself.The web uses the HTTP protocol as an application-layer protocol to encapsulate HTTP text information and then send it to the network using TCP/IP as the Transport layer protocol. ”And what
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