tcp ip volume 1

, protocol family. It also includes HTTP, Telnet, FTP, RIP, UDP, and so on. Its name comes from the two most important protocols-------TCP and IP. They are in the second and third tiers of the TCP/IP model.Second, OSI Reference Model and TCP/

1. static IP routing 1. 1. A simple route table Routing is one of the most important functions of the IP layer. The previous section briefly describes the rules used by the router to select a route based on the IP address of the

Talk about sockets, TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and network programming SubmitMy message Load inhave left a message 1 What's all this?Since it is a network transmission, involving the interaction between several systems, the first thing to consider is how to accurately locate one or several hosts on the network, and the other is how to carry ou

We read the world wrong but say it deceives us."We read the world wrong, but say the world deceives us."reference : TCP/IP Primer Classic (fifth edition)TCP/IP Detailed Volume One: protocolFirst, IntroductionUDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a simple datagram-oriented transpor

1. TCP/IP protocol stackLayer-4 ModelThe TCP/IP protocol follows a four-layer model concept: application layer, transport layer, Interconnection layer, and network interface layer.Network Interface LayerThe basic layer of the model is the network interface layer. Sends and r

. Common protocol number: 1-ICMP;6-TCP;17-UDP;47-GRE;88-EIGRP;89-OSPF;10, the head checksum: 16 bits, does not contain the encapsulated data part, because the TTL decreases in the transmission process, therefore each router must recalculate the checksum;11. Source Address and Destination address: 32-bit IP address;12. Optional: variable length fields, including i

number.The host uses the subnet mask to determine how many bits of IP address are used for the subnet number, and how many bits are used for the host number. The subnet mask is a 32-bit value, and a bit with a value of 1 is left to the network number and subnet number, and the bit for 0 is left to the host number.Given the IP address and subnet mask, the host ca

the bit ACK -- the validation number field is valid only when ACK = 1. When ACK = 0, the confirmation number is invalid. PuSH bit PSH (PuSH): receives the packet segment of PuSH bit 1 received by TCP, and delivers it to the receiving application process as soon as possible, instead of waiting until the entire cache is filled up before delivery. ReSeT bit RST (

route is created by the redirection message. M The route has been modified by the redirection message. Flag is very important because it distinguishes indirect routing from direct routing (for direct routing, flag is not set ). The difference is that the Group sent to the direct route not only has the IP address of the specified destination, but also has its link layer address. When a group is sent to an indirect route, the

release the connection and then restart the connection. Establish a transportation connection.Refer to TCP three-way handshake 4-5. synchronous bit syn-if the synchronous bit SYN is set to 1, this indicates a connection request or connection to receive packets.Refer to TCP three-way handshake 4-6. Terminate bit fin (final)-used to release a connection. When fin

The TCP/IP protocol is actually a set of protocols, including many protocols, which constitute the TCP/IP protocol stack. But the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) are the most important of them, e

protocol stack. Protocols in the protocol stack are mutually independent. The lower layer provides services to the upper layer. Each layer has tags that distinguish the upper layer. Differences OSI is a first-in-first model; TCP/IP is a first-in-one protocol, followed by a model OSI applies to various protocol stacks; TCP/IP