tcp ip volume 1

When TCP was born, its main operating environment was low-speed networks such as Ethernet and slip. With the emergence of high-speed networks, the requirement for higher TCP protocol throughput and higher efficiency is becoming more and more urgent. To this end, TCP has added three important mechanisms to adapt to current changes. They are Path MTU found. Wind

linear growth4. Fast re-transmission and fast recoveryWhen we receive an out-of-sequence message segment, TCP needs to generate an ACK immediately (a duplicate ACK), which should not be delayed, which is to let the other party know that the message segment was received out of sequence and tell the otherSince we do not know whether a duplicate ACK is caused by a missing segment or simply by reordering, we wait a little bit and make a judgment. When th

About portsCommunication between any two hosts on the internet is from one end to the other, also known as end-to-end communication.What is a port?Modern operating systems are equipped with many applications, information to my computer how do I know this message is passed to my QQ application? My QQ program is responding but my MSN did not respond to it?The reason: My system has a number of port numbers, each application process is bound to a unique local port number, so that each program is bou

and TCP/IP protocol relationship is relatively easy to understand:"TCP/IP is just a stack of protocols, just like operating systems, which must be implemented in a specific way, as well as providing an external interface for operations." This is like the operating system will provide a standard programming interface,

n m p) and routing selection protocols. Usenet News (NNTP) is the only application that requires the minimum cost. ICMP, IGMP, UDP, and TCP contain both header and data verification code in the header of their lattice. I c m p, I g m p, U D P and T C P both adopt the same test algorithm, although T C P and U D P besides their header and data, the I p header also contains different fields. The RFC provides the Implementation Technology for how to calc

There may be such a standby reality TCP connection: circulating over.Other words. Assume that both sides of the TCP connection do not send data to each other. There is no exchange of information between the two TCP modules, which means that we can start a client to establish a connection with the server, and then not use it for a long time, while the connection r

Transfer http://blog.csdn.net/goodboy1881/article/details/668556 ------------------------------------------------------ Put the three Protocols together for learning because these three protocols are on the same layer. ARP is used to find the MAC address of the Ethernet NIC of the target host, and the IP address carries the message to be sent. The data link layer can get the data transmission information from ARP, and get the data information to be tr

I. Introduction The TCP timestamp option adds 12 bytes to the TCP Header, enabling RTT calculation in a more precise way than the specific proportion of timeout. Ii. Functions 1) The TCP timestamp is in the TCP option, kind =8; Lenth =10Data consists of two values: Timestam

IP: network protocol IP is the most core protocol in the TCP/IP protocol cluster. It provides unreliable and connectionless datagram transmission services.Unreliable means that it cannot guarantee that the IP datagram can successfully reach the destination. The

, packet management, traffic control, error detection and processing (control) in the actions of the IP addresses ), messages in an abnormal order can be sorted in a new order according to the order of numbers. 2. Three-way handshake Principle Analysis Figure 1 three-way handshake In the early stage of a TCP session, there was a so-called "three handshakes", th

TCP/IP BASICS (I), tcpip Basics 1. Architecture and main protocols of TCP/IP protocol family The TCP/IP protocol family is a layer-4 protocol system. Data link layer: implements networ

and provide external operation interfaces. This is just like the operating system provides standard programming interfaces, such as Win32 programming interfaces, TCP/IP also provides interfaces that programmers can use for network development. This is the socket programming interface ." I can't think of TCP/IP protoco

and provide external operation interfaces. This is just like the operating system provides standard programming interfaces, such as Win32 programming interfaces, TCP/IP also provides interfaces that programmers can use for network development. This is the socket programming interface ." I can't think of TCP/IP protoco

between socket and TCP/IP protocol is easier to understand: "TCP/IP is just a protocol stack, just like the operating mechanism of the operating system, it must be implemented in detail, it also provides external operation interfaces. Just as the operating system provides standard programming interfaces, such as win32

Persistent timer for TCP 1. Basic ConceptsThe receiver of TCP named the Data bytes (window size) that it wants to receive from the sender, and if the window size is 0, the broadcaster will prevent the data from being sent until the receiver sends an ACK with the new window size. So what if the receiver sends this ACK halfway lost (is that possible)? At this point

relatively easy to understand:"TCP/IP is just a stack of protocols, just like operating systems, which must be implemented in a specific way, as well as providing an external interface for operations."This is like the operating system will provide standard programming interfaces, such as the Win32 programming interface,TCP/I