/Seven Layer load balancing devicethe lowest or first layer of the OSI model: Physical layer physical layer including physical network media, is actually wiring, fiber, network card and other used to connect two network communication devices together things. It specifies the mechanical characteristics, electrical characteristics, functional characteristics, and process characteristics between the activation, maintenance, and closing of communication endpoints. Although the physical layer does no
Linux Network Base Cable568A568BLine order: Orange white orange green white blue blue white green brown white brownSwitches, routersSwitches: DLINK, H3C, CISCOA switch is a network device used for the forwarding of electrical signals. It provides a unique electrical signal path for any of the two network nodes that access the switch. The most common switch is the Ethernet switch. Other common telephone voice switches, fiber switches, and so on.Routers: CISCOThe Router (Router) is a device that c
From today onwards, will be exposed to network programming, the platform is Linux, the implementation of the language C language, and finally will implement a simple miniftp server.The main content of the program is: Linux network programming TCP/IP foundation, socket programming, inter-process communication, threading, and practical FTP.1.Iso/osi Reference Model : The Open System Interconnection interconnect model is provided by the OSI (International Organization for Standardization ) The Inte
to the modem through a cable, it must be connected using a AYSNC-TO-DB25 or AYSNC-TO-DB9 adapter. There are more types of synchronous serial ports that can be supported in routers, such as Cisco Systems that can support 5 different types of interfaces, namely eia/tia-232 interface, eia/tia-449 interface, v.35 interface, x.21 Serial cable assembly and EIA-530 int
the series of actions that DTE and DCE double on each circuit. In this layer, the unit of data is called the bit (bit). Typical canonical representatives belonging to the physical layer definition include: Eia/tia RS-232, Eia/tia RS-449, v.35, RJ-45, etc.
Second layer: Data link layer (datalinklayer)On the basis of providing the bit-stream service in the physica
redundant power supply, after a power failure, the other power supply can continue to power, does not affect the normal operation of the equipment. In the case of multiple power supply, pay attention to the use of multi-channel mains supply, so that when the line fails, other lines can still power.
Support agreements and standards-generally refers to the networking specifications and equipment standards established by the International Organization for Standardization. The 1th, 2nd, and 3rd la
devices: terminal hosts and routers; commonly used for DCE devices: Wan Switching
Machine, moderm, CSU/DSU.
EIA/TIA-232, also known as RS-232, is a public physical layer standard, used to support signal rate up to 64 Kbps of non-balanced circuit.
V.24 standard: interfaces between DTE and DCE defined by ITU-T. the cable can work in both synchronous and asynchrono
We may be unfamiliar with the practices and usage of twisted pair wires. For example, it is hard to remember how the standard wire head is implemented. It is also vague to know the cross Line (or direct line) used. Let's talk about some notes.
Prerequisites
1. Twisted Pair pin position definition (the crystal head has no clip side, from left to right), as shown in table 1. For Table 1, we only need to remember two points: one is that only one, two, three, and six eight lines are used, and the o
1) General requirements1. each installed cable line should undergo a standardized consistency test, which is the "4 to 100 Ω 6 category Cable Transmission Performance Indicator" of the telecommunications industry association TIA "; ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1, that is, "TIA 6 class standard ".2. the horizontal twisted pair link should be installed from the IDF interme
card;Typical protocols, standards and applications: 802.2, 802.3ATM, HDLC, FRAME RELAY;Physical Layer:Main function: Transmit bit stream physical;Typical devices: hubs, repeatersTypical protocols, standards, and Applications: v.35, eia/tia-232.TCP Three-time handshakeFirst handshake: The client sends a SYN packet (SYN=J) to the server and enters the Syn_send state, waiting for the server to confirm;Second
Tags: ports must be Linux network programming purpose cyclic Traffic control STP synchronization contains# # # Osi:open System Interconnection # # #开放系统互联网模型是由ISO国际标准化组织定义的网络分层模型, total seven levels1. Physical layer: Physical definition of all electronic and physical equipment specifications, data transmission unit is bit (b), this layer definition specification has Eia/tia RS-232, RJ-45, etc., is actually
have interfaces. Each Interface has its own name and number. The full name of an interface consists of its type mark and number, which starts from 0. For routers with fixed interfaces (such as Cisco 2500 series) or routers with modular interfaces (such as Cisco 4700 series), only one number is used in the full name of the interface, serial numbers are carried out based on the physical order of the routers. For example, Ethernet0 indicates 1st Ethernet interfaces and Serial1 indicates 2nd serial
1. Which of the following is NOT a required condition for deadlock ()
A. mutex ConditionsB. Inaccessible NetworksC. Resource deprivationD. Loop waitE. Waiting for possession
2. Write the name of the corresponding OSI model layer on the right according to the concept given on the left.
Devices and concepts
Name
EIA \ Tia RS-232, network card
Physical Layer
TCP and UDP
Tran
To master a protocol, we need to understand it based on it. Here we will analyze the content of the PPP protocol. First, let's take a look at the overview of the PPP protocol. Currently, most analog dial-up connections use PPP as the data link protocol, which has the following features:
Error Detection
Automatically negotiate network layer addresses
CHAP or PAP Authentication
Data Compression
Meets ISO standards
PPP and the serial line Internet Protocol SLIP) are often confusing. SLIP only suppo
"Berkeley socket", can be seen Berkeley for the development of the network of how much contribution.The OSI System Reference model and the TCP/IP system comparison:
OSI seven-layer model
TCP/IP four layer model
Corresponding network protocol
Application Layer (application)
Application Layer
Telnet,ftp,tftp,smtp,http,dns ...
Presentation Layer (Presentation)
Text: Ascii,ebcdic Graphics: tiff,jpeg,gif,pict sound: Midi,mpeg,quickti
Cisco router configuration can be invoked the next time it starts.
Third, run Cisco router configuration
A router can only choose one of these two types. Configuring 10S is equivalent to changing the Cisco router configuration, both shown in ASCII text format, so we can easily read and operate.
Four, Cisco router's auxiliary port
Most Cisco routers are equipped with a secondary port (auxiliary port), similar to the console turbulence, providing a eia/ti
modular in design and is therefore easiest to expand and regroup on the wiring. The star topology is used in the same way as that of the building wiring in telecommunications and eia/tia-568. Because in the star structure, the workstation is created from the center node, and each line is independent of the other lines. Therefore, when changing and rearranging the device, it only affects the route associated with it and has no effect on all other line
Because the router itself does not have input and terminal display devices, but it needs to make the necessary configuration to normal use, so the general router with a control port "console" to connect with the computer or terminal equipment, through specific software for the configuration of the router. All routers have the console port installed, enabling the user or administrator to communicate with the router using the terminal to complete the router configuration. The port provides a eia/
What is the bandwidth of Class 6 systems?
In the draft of ISO 11801 and TIA 568, 6 types of cabling systems are set to 250MHz. For cables, connectors, links, and channels, all performance parameters such as Next, psnext, insertion loss, and Pselfext are set to this frequency. The early 6 draft system was set at 200MHz, but due to the requirements of the IT industry, especially the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), it increased
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