Port Multiplexing
What's the trouble? re-use:The STM32 has many built-in peripherals, and the external pins of these peripherals are multiplexed with the Gpio. That is, if a gpio can be reused as a function pin for a built-in peripheral, it is called multiplexing when the Gpio is used as a built-in peripheral.How to use:1. Enable Gpio clock2. Enable the reusable function of the clock3. Setting the GPIO port data according to the data sheeteg.
Rcc_apb
So, how do I get the motherboard jumper? In fact, it is very simple, we just have a reason to think, one by one, it is easy to connect. Generally speaking, the main board jumper on the needle mainly includes switch power switch, reset switch (coincidence), power light, hard drive lights, speakers, audio, USB interface, and so on, seemingly a lot, but one to, it is not difficult, the following detailed introduction.
How to connect the chassis line motherboard assembly computer chass
Raspberry PI Series--bare metal illuminated LED lightsBackgroundRecently just bought Raspberry PI B +, configured to run the official Raspbian system, tossing a week Linux system, feel no meaning, so try to understand the bottom of the start process, through a few days of research, It is found that the boot of the lowest part is performed by the official Bootcore.bin and start.elf files (which should be the initialization of hardware devices, such as MMU), followed by the _start of the next part
main causes of computer motherboard failure:
1. Human failure: Live plug I/O card, as well as in the Board card and plug when the improper force caused to the interface, chip and other damage
2. The environment is bad: static electricity often causes the motherboard chip (especially CMOS chip) to be penetrated. In addition, the motherboard encountered power damage or power grid voltage instantaneous spike pulse, often damage the system board power plug near the chip. If the motherboard is cove
in the Board card and plug when the improper force caused to the interface, chip and other damage
2. The environment is bad: static electricity often causes the motherboard chip (especially CMOS chip) to be penetrated. In addition, the motherboard encountered power damage or power grid voltage instantaneous spike pulse, often damage the system board power plug near the chip. If the motherboard is covered with dust, it will also cause a short circuit signal and so on.
3. Device quality problem
installation is not in place can not be the CPU processor on the motherboard pressure, so the installation must be careful, do not use brute force, especially for 478, 754, 9,393 needle-type interface, the consequences of reckless is the CPU processor to fold the pins , causing the processor to be damaged.
Second, check the CPU fan operation is normal
CPU because of the high degree of integration, so the calorific value is very large, especially t
short circuit may also be the North bridge short circuit. Detect the ATX power cord to the ground short circuit, and then run the circuit along the line to find the related damaged components replaced.
If the power can be powered by force, the fault in the boot fault itself, at this point should be focused on the soft boot circuit itself and the soft boot circuit has links to other circuits.
1, COMs batteries, some motherboards, battery power is not enough to boot, but most of the motherboard
The memory has recently fallen exponentially, and the things that were previously understood have been forgotten, so write them down to avoid having to review the data again next time.
Here is about stm32f10x, and STM32F0XX series or some differences, F0 's next time to write ....
To sum up: reuse is a PIN has several functions, 1. Do ordinary IO input and output 2. Other peripherals input and output (such as I2C,TIM,SPI, etc.), this is reuse.
Remapping is to redefine the PIN function to other
):
gpio.output (Channels[i], GPIO. Low)
def CTRL + (data):
for I in channels:
gpio.output (i, Data 0x1)
data = Data >> 1
pa SS
def Test (): For
I in Xrange (a):
Ctrl (i)
Time.sleep (0.1)
def clean ():
Gpio.cleanup ()
Then write a program called Module test.py:
Import led
led.init ()
led.test ()
Led.clean ()
Rpi.gpio Module Function Description:
RPi.GPIO.setmode (Naming_system)
Sets the naming method for t
Linux, Event0,event1,event2 ... These device files are actually driven to create, they share a main device number, only the secondary device number is different, indicating that this is a class of devices. For example, touch screen corresponding to event0, touch screen driver is mounted, the driver will be initialized, mainly to initialize the CPU pin, set the interrupt handler.
Well understood, the touchscreen is a physical device, but our driver runs on the CPU, this is two different devices
filters from the source to the target renderer, all connected by the input and output filter pins. The filter pins negotiate which media types they will support. FGM controls the multimedia data flow between the tree filters. Because DirectShow has a flexible, reconfigurable filter tree architecture, DirectShow can use the same software component to support playback and streaming of multiple media types. D
memory, do not put in virtual memory. Memory adjustment mainly refers to adjusting the size of the memory structure of the SGA to improve system performance, because the memory structure requirements of the Oracle database server are closely related to the application, so the memory structure should be adjusted before disk I/O adjustment.
Adjustment of 1.2.1 Library buffer
The library buffer contains private and shared SQL and pl/sql extents, which determine its size by comparing the hit rati
capacity requirements of MP3, memory card, u disk and other fields, is becoming a data flash. 2. Ram Memory (1) Features of SRAM:
SRAM represents a static random access memory, as long as the power supply it will maintain a value, it does not have a refresh cycle, the trigger constitutes a basic unit, low integration, each SRAM storage unit consists of 6 transistors, so its cost is higher. It has a high rate and is commonly used in high-speed buffer memory.There are typically 4 types of
maintenance methods have advantages and limitations, often used in combination.
1. Cleaning law
The brush can be brushed lightly to the dust on the motherboard, in addition, some cards on the motherboard, chip using the form of pins, often because of the oxidation of the pins and poor contact. Use eraser to surface oxidation layer, reseat.
2. The Observation Act
Repeatedly look at the repair of the boa
motherboard
The following is an example of an ASUS ASUS B85-plus Motherboard (Intel B85/lga 1150)
ASUS B85-plus Motherboard
1 CPU Slots: Intel slots, Pins on the motherboard, be careful to protect the pins on the motherboard, they are vulnerable and easily damaged by external forces
AMD slots, Pins on the CPU, be careful to prot
In Ise, the set pin can be constrained by opening the Assign package pins in user constraints.
Xilinx pack-[design Object list-i/o Pin opened]
Where the parameters are set as follows
I/O name--io pin name, corresponding to the input and output pins in module.
I/O Direction--Sets the input or output pin.
Loc-Located on the chip.
Bank-the bank block where the pin is located, and when LOC is specif
parameters. NAND Flash will then perform these details automatically.Of course, if the processor does not have integrated NAND flash controller So long must write their own timing operation. So it's always good to know the bottom of the sequence.But the upper level, such as read and write operation of the sequence of steps (such as reading operations, you want to select Enable, then send a command, then send an address, need to send a command, and then need to wait for the operation to complete
Cyclone IV series device Manual, when the IO port is configured in a single-ended mode, the speed level of C8 devices, up to two bank up to 167 MB of IO rate, The left and right two banks can only support up to 133.3M, so, for DDR2, the pins need to be distributed in bank3+4 or bank7+8. Of course, if you use C6 devices, BANK3, 4, 7, 8 (that is, up and down the bank) can reach 200M, while BANK1, 2, 5, 6 (that is, the left and right bank) only reach 16
, gets, getmisses;
--How to monitor the hit rate of shared buffers in the SGA should be less than 1%
Select SUM (Pins) "Total pins",
SUM (reloads) "Total reloads",
SUM (reloads)/SUM (Pins) * Libcache
From V$librarycache;
Select SUM (pinhits-reloads)/sum (Pins) "Hit Radio",
SUM (reloads)/sum (
download the apk that I shared on the bean network directly.5.4 Arduino realizes BluetoothThe Arduino encapsulates Bluetooth as a serial port.We just need to connect the Bluetooth chip to a specific serial port, and then it can be treated as a serial port.5.5 Arduino Module ConnectionLet's review the serial hardware definitionUno ExampleUSB interface and 0-, 1-pin are serial objectsMega ExampleUSB interface and 0, 1 pins are serial objects.14, 15
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