uses rectangular coordinates, the general horizontal axis represents the duration, the longitudinal axis represents the project completes the numberAmount or construction of the aggregate.The tangent slope of the construction schedule curve is the speed of construction progress, which is determined by the construction speed.Second, investment control1. What are the process components for investment control of information system projects?A: (1) Resource planning-resource planning is the determin
not occur is(1.4)This ratio is known as the event's occurrence ratio (the odds of experiencing an event), referred to as odds. Because 0(1.5),1.2 Maximum likelihood functionSuppose there are N observation samples, the observed values are set to the probability of getting Yi=1 (original) under given conditions. The conditional probability of getting yi=0 () under the same conditions is. Thus, the probability of getting an observed value is(1.6)-----This formula is actually a synthesis of the fir
5.3.1 the Validation Set approachSample () function splits the set of observations into and halves, by selecting a random subset of 196 observations out of The original 392 observations. We refer to these observations as the training set.> Library (ISLR)set. Seed (1)> Train=sample (392 ,196)We then use the subset option on LM () to fit a linear regression using only the observations corresponding to the training Set.Lm.fit =lm (Mpg∼horsepower, Data=auto, subset =train)Use the predict () function
"This site is pretty simple, all you need to do is complete x, Y, Z. You look like you're technically good, so I'm sure you don't have to spend too much time building it up. "I get this email from time to time. Most of the people who write these messages are people who are not technically close, or are studying their first product. At first, I was always very angry when I heard people say that. Who are they arguing with about the time it takes to develop software? But then I realized that even i
make a commitment that you know you cannot guarantee.Communicate with the customer and management personnel about what can be actually obtained, and have a good reputation. Data from any of your previous projects will help you make convincing arguments, although this does not really defend against unreasonable people.
5. Write a plan(Note: the plan needs to be modified and confirmed after being communicated with the responsible person)Some people think that it is better to spend time writing
A schedule is to plan the project from the perspective of time, while a cost estimate is to plan the project from the perspective of cost. The cost here should be understood as an abstract concept, which can be work hours, materials or personnel.
Cost estimation is an estimation and plan for the cost required to complete the project, and is an important part of the project plan. To implement cost control, we must first
First, prefaceIn the statistical calculation, the maximal expectation (EM) algorithm is the algorithm of finding the maximum likelihood estimation or the maximum posterior estimation in the probability model, in which the probabilistic model relies on the invisible hidden variable (latent Variable). Maximum expectations are often used in the field of data clustering for machine learning and computer vision.The maximum expectation algorithm is calculated by alternating two steps, the first step i
Articles from Ashish Shrivastava 1, "Learning from simulated and unsupervised Images through, adversarial training". Summary
Without expensive annotations, it is easier to train the model with synthetic images. However, the effect of synthetic image is not satisfactory because of the difference between the distribution of synthetic image and the real image. Therefore, "Analog + unsupervised" (s+u) Learning: Keep The annotation information given by the simulator, and use the real data without tag
Robot Motion Estimation Series (external)--from Bayesian filter to Kalman (upper)
The importance of filtering theory in robot state estimation is self-evident, so it is necessary to understand the theory of filtering. The purpose of this article is to concatenate several popular filtering methods from the angle of Bayesian filter (BF): Kalman (KF), extended Kalman (EKF), Unscented Kalman (UKF), particle filter (PF), etc.
The main references of this article are:"Bayesian Filter and Smoothing", Au
:]file_name [,...]
Directory_object is used to specify the directory object name, file_name to specify the dump file name. Note that if you do not specify Directory_object, the export tool automatically uses directory objects specified by the directory option
EXPDP Scott/tiger DIRECTORY=DUMP1 dumpfile=dump2:a.dmp
5. Estimate
Specifies the disk space partition method used to estimate which table is being
Introduction
When you hire a painter to decorate your house, or a repairman to fix your car, you ask them to give an estimate first, right? You need to know how much it will cost and how long it takes. This is common sense.
But what does experience tell us? How much difference does the initial estimate have to the final bill? It is quite possible that the paint trade union found loose plaster needed to be
directory object name. Note that directory objects are objects created using the Create DIRECTORY statement, not the OS directory
EXPDP newhappy/pdmcn.com Directory=dump Dumpfile=a.dump
Create a directory:
CREATE DIRECTORY dump as ' d:dump ';
The query created those subdirectories:
SELECT * from Dba_directories;
4. DumpFile
Use to specify the name of the dump file, the default name is Expdat.dmp
Dumpfile=[directory_object:]file_name [,...]
This article URL address: http://www.bianceng.
This article is the Nineth chapter of the statistical method of his own notes, in order to more convenient understanding, this article on the content of the reproduced article slightly modified. Each iteration of the EM algorithm consists of two parts: the E-step, the expectation, and the M-step, which is great. So this algorithm is called the expectation maximal algorithm, the short term EM algorithm. Introduction of EM algorithm
Introduce an example of using the EM algorithm: three-coin model
Introduced:
For story, an important measure of its size is story point, which is not equivalent to the function point in the software workload assessment, because story is simply a rough relative estimate of the size of the story, and function Point is used to measure the exact size of a functional module and to participate in the calculation of the formula, which is clarified here.
The estimation of story point is a very deep learning, and we canno
of numbers, and its estimation is not practical. Assuming that the feature may be of a value, j=1,2,....,n,y may have a value of K, then the number of arguments is. where n is the number of samples, L is the number of features, subscript represents a sample, superscript represents a feature.
by formula (2) It is known that the conditional probability P (x|c) is a joint probability on all attributes, with exponential number of parameters, which is difficult to
(default) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ATTACH Connect to an existing job, such as ATTACH [= Job name]. COMPRESSION reduce the size of valid dump file contents The keyword values are: (metadata_only) and NONE. CONTENT specifies the data to unload, where the valid keywords are: (all), Data_only and Metadata_only. directory objects used by directory for dump files and log files. DumpFile a list of destination dump files (expdat.dmp), such as Dumpfi
of heuristic function F. If the calculated F value is smaller than the original F value of the vertex, the parent node, actual path cost, and F value of the vertex will be updated.3. Each cycle determines whether the vertex with the minimum F value is the target vertex. If the target vertex is located, the path is found and the algorithm ends.Like Dijkstra, the * algorithm finds the vertex with the minimum F value from the list and will no longer go to the list.The following is my implemented A
the expectation of T He log-likelihood evaluated using the current estimate for the parameters, and a maximization (M) step, which computes par Ameters maximizing the expected Log-likelihood found on the E step. These parameter-estimates is then used to determine the distribution of the latent variables in the next E step.
The outline of the EM algorithm is described above, and the EM algorithm is an iterative method for finding the maximum
This article mainly introduces some basic click Model, these different click model to the user and search results page interaction behavior make different assumptions.To define a model, we need to describe the observed Variables,hidden variables, and the associations between them, and their dependencies on model parameters. After we have obtained the model parameters, we can make a CTR estimate, or calculate the maximum likelihood
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