pre-aggregation.The so-called map-side pre-aggregation, which is said to be local to the same key in each node aggregation operation, similar to the local combiner in MapReduce. Once the map-side is pre-aggregated, there will only be one key locally for each node, since multiple identical keys are aggregated. When the other node pulls the same key on all nodes, it greatly reduces the amount of data that needs to be pulled, thus reducing disk IO and n
For example, understand:Let's say we're going to squeeze a bunch of different kinds of fruit juice, and ask for juice to be pure and not have other varieties of fruit. Then we need a few steps:1 define what kind of juice we need.2 Define a juicer, a given fruit, to give our defined juices. -equivalent to the local combiner in Hadoop3 Define a juice mixer that mixes the same type of fruit juice. --equivalent to global combinerSo comparing the th
(value.tostring ()); }Doubletf =1.0* SUMCOUNT/ALLWORDCOUNT; Context.write (Key,NewText (string.valueof (TF))); }}The TF value for all words has been calculated after the reduce operation of the above combiner. Again through a Reducer operation will be OK. The code for Reducer is as follows: Public Static class tfreducer extends Reducertext, text, Text, text> { @Override protected void Reduce(text key, iterablethrowsIOException, Interruptedexc
) {System.err.println ("Usage:wordcount"); System.exit (2); } /**Create a job, name it to track the performance of the task **/Job Job=NewJob (conf, "word count"); /**when running a job on a Hadoop cluster, you need to package the code into a jar file (Hadoop distributes the file in the cluster), set a class through the setjarbyclass of the job, and Hadoop finds the jar file in this class **/Job.setjarbyclass (WordCount1.class); /**set the map, c
1, comparator try not to let Mr Generate serialization and deserialization conversion, reference Writablecomparable class2,reducer severe data skew, you can consider a custom partitionerBut before you can try using combiner to compress the data to see if it solves the problemRegular expressions are not used in the 3,map phase4,split use StringUtils, the test performance is much higher than (String,scanner,stringtokenizer), writableutils and other tool
value is passed, or false to pass by reference. The output of the initial mapper is saved in memory. Assuming that the incoming value is no longer called at a later stage, it can be efficient and generally set to trueThe reduce function receives the input data and crosses its values, and reduce generates all the merged results for those values.Each merge result obtained by the cross product is fed into the function combine () (not combiner) to genera
;/*** Hello world!**/public class WordCount1 {public static class Map extends Mapper Private final static longwritable one = new longwritable (1);Private text Word = new text ();@Overridepublic void Map (longwritable key, Text value, context context)Throws IOException, Interruptedexception {String line = value.tostring ();StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer (line);while (Tokenizer.hasmoretokens ()) {Word.set (Tokenizer.nexttoken ());Context.write (Word, one);}}}public static class Re
cluster should be slightly smaller than the number of reducer task slotscombiner use : Fully use the merge function to reduce the amount of data passed between map and reduce, combiner run after mapmedian compression : compressing the map output value reduces the amount of conf.setcompressmapoutput (true) before reducing to reduce Setmapoutputcompressorclass (Gzipcodec.class)Custom Writable: If you use a custom writable object or a custom comparator,
Hadoop: Data flow graph (based on Hadoop 0.18.3): A simple example of how data flows in Hadoop.Hadoop: Data flow graph (based on Hadoop 0.18.3):Here is an example of the process of data flow in Hadoop, an example of how the total number of words in some articles is counted. First, files represent these articles that require statistical vocabulary. first, Hadoop allocates the initial data to the mapper task of each machine, and the figures in the figure represent the sequential flow of data. 1.
become a complete data file; In order to provide a data storage fault tolerance mechanism, The file system also provides a multi-backup storage management capability for data blocks? Combiner and Partitioner: In order to reduce data communication overhead, intermediate results are required to be merged (combine) before they enter the reduce node, and data with the same primary key can be combined to avoid duplicate transmission; The data processed by
I. Overview of the MapReduce job processing processWhen users are dealing with a problem using the MapReduce computational model of Hadoop, they only need to design mapper and reducer processing functions, and possibly include combiner functions. After that, create a new Job object and configure the job's run environment, and finally call the job's waitforcompletion or the Submit method to submit the job. The code is as follows:1 //Create a new defaul
before the merge is completed46. The direct communication protocol between task and Tasktracker isA. JobsubmissionprotocolB. ClientProtocolC. TaskumbilicalprotocolD. Intertrackerprotocol
Interdatanodeprotocol:datanode interface for internal interaction to update block metadata;Innertrackerprotocol:tasktracker and Jobtracker interface, function and Datanodeprotocol are similar;Jobsubmissionprotocol:jobclient interface with Jobtracker, used to submit job, job and other job-related operat
the shuffle process in MapReduce is divided into two processes, map and reduce. Map End:1. (hash partitioner) after executing the map function, hash according to key, and the result of reduce the number of modulus (the key value pair will be processed by a reduce side) to get a partition number.2. (Sort combiner) writes the byte after the key-value pair and the partition number to the memory buffer (size 100M, loading factor 0.8), when the memory buff
exampleclass), jobconf (Configuration conf), etc.
*/
jobconf conf = new jobconf (wordcount.class);
Conf.setjobname ("WordCount"); Set a user-defined job name
Conf.setoutputkeyclass (Text.class); Set the key class for the job's output data
Conf.setoutputvalueclass (Intwritable.class); Set the value class for the job output
Conf.setmapperclass (Map.class); Set the Mapper class for the job
Conf.setcombinerclass (Reduce.class); Set the Combiner
1.map Stage : The word and URI form the key value (such as "Mapreduce:1.txt"), the frequency as value.By using the map-end sort of the Mr Frame, the word frequency form of the same words in the same document is passed to the combine process, which is similar to the WordCount function.Class map{ method Map () { // get the file name corresponding to the input shard String filename=((filesplit) Context.getinputsplit ()). GetPath (). GetName (); for (String
. This function is used to map the intermediate key-value pairs produced by the map function to a partition, and the simplest implementation is to hash the keys and then modulo the R.
A compare function. This function is used to sort the reduce job, which defines the key size relationship.
An output writer. Responsible for writing the results to the underlying distributed file system.
A combiner function. The actual is the reduce function,
severe degradation of performance. Its processing process is more complex, the data is first written to a buffer in memory, and do some pre-sequencing to improve efficiency;
Each maptask has a circular memory buffer for writing output data (the default size is 100MB), and when the amount of data in the buffer reaches a certain threshold (by default, 80%) the system initiates a background thread that writes the contents of the buffer to disk (that is, the spill phase). During the write disk
ArticleDirectory
Define read-only, add, and edit three modules
Custom Code Selection control, quick input control
Field input verification (uniqueness verification)
Silverlight 4 RIA service dataform template,
Code Select the control and validate the usage tips
Function
Define read-only, add, and edit three modules
The purpose of defining templates is to better reuse and improve the readability and maintainability of the XAML code, and to work together bette
Dipper blog: Ji Guang blog: shuimen blog:
Ant
Automatic Management and packaging tools
Cssembed
Convert the image in CSS to datauri and re-write it to the CSS file.
Combiner
Merge multiple files
Convertz
Simplified and Traditional Chinese conversion, applicable only to Windows Platforms
Datauri
Converting image to datauri
Google closure Compiler
Google's JavaScript compression Tool
PNG Optimizer
PNG optimization tool
Yui Compressor
Yah
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