: (bufvoid - bufend) + bufstart) +7 partitions * APPROX_HEADER_LENGTH;
Step 2:
Obtain the name of the file written to the local (non-HDFS) file with a serial number, for example, output/spill2.out. The code corresponding to the naming format is:
1 return lDirAlloc.getLocalPathForWrite(MRJobConfig.OUTPUT + "/spill"2 3 + spillNumber + ".out", size, getConf());
Step 3:
Sort the data in the [bufstart, bufend) interval in the buffer zone kvbuffe in the ascending
I. R collect (Supplier Supplier, Biconsumer Accumulator, Biconsumer combiner)Supplier: A way to create an instance of a target type.Accumulator: A method that adds an element to the target.Combiner: A way to combine multiple results from an intermediate state (which is used in concurrency)New ArraylistII, R collect (Collector Collector)The collector is actually the supplier, accumulator, combiner of the abo
; Many of the methods in {@link collectors} is functions that take a collector and produce a new collector.
Attach a sentence on the Javadoc, which indicates that the collection operation can be nested.Custom CollectorAs mentioned earlier, collectors itself provides a common aggregation implementation of collector, so programmers themselves can define their own aggregation implementations according to the circumstances.First we look at the structure of the Collector interfacepublic interfac
Org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextOutputFormat;
Import Org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;
The Hadoop data type used by the program
import org.apache.hadoop.io.DoubleWritable;
Import Org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
Import org.apache.hadoop.io.ArrayWritable;
Passing the doublewritable array between master and worker requires modifying the data type, and constructing a new class doublearraywritable to pave the back job.
public static class Doublearraywritable extends Arraywritable {public
doub
percentage of map output record boundaries, and other caches are used to save data • Io. sort. spill. percent • default value: 0.80 • threshold for starting spill operations by map • Io. sort. factor • 10 by default • Maximum number of streams simultaneously operated during merge operations. • Min. num. spill. for. combine • default value 3 • Minimum number of spill run by the combiner function • mapred. compress. map. output • default value false •
= Curr_key Total = Count # same key ; Accumulate sum else: prev_key = Curr_key Total + = count # emit last Keyif prev_key: print >>sys. STDOUT, "%s\t%i"% (Prev_key, total)
The Hadoop stream (streaming) By default divides the key and value (value) with a tab character. Because we also split the fields with the tab character, we have to tell it by passing it to Hadoop three options to show that our data's health (key) is made up of the first three domains.
-jobconf stream.num.map.ou
Hadoop is implemented in Java, but we can also write MapReduce programs in other languages, such as Shell, Python, and Ruby. The following describes Hadoop Streaming and uses Python as an example.
1. Hadoop Streaming
The usage of Hadoop Streaming is as follows:
1 hadoop jar hadoop-streaming.jar -D property=value -mapper mapper.py -combiner combiner.py -reducer reducer.py -input Input -output Output -file mapper.py -file reducer.py
-Mapper-
executes the processing program on the node, improving the efficiency.
This chapter mainly introduces the mapreduce programming model and distributed file system..
2.1SectionIntroduce functional programming FP (functional programming), which is inspired by mapreduce design;
2.2SectionDescribes the basic programming models of Mapper, reducer, and mapreduce;
2.3SectionDiscusses the role of the execution framework in executing mapreduce programs (jobs;
2.4SectionPartitioner and
class, and then publishes kV pairs in the form of
In the preceding input, the first map will output:
Second map output:
In this article, we will go deep into the large number of map outputs in this task and study how to control the output in a more fine-grained manner.
Wordcount specifies the combiner in row 46. Therefore, after the output of each map is sorted by key, the local combiner (consistent wit
controlled by user-defined partition functions. The default partition Er (partitioner) Partitions through the hash function.
The data flow between a map task and a reduce task is called
Shuffle).
If there is no reduce task, there may also be no need to execute reduce tasks, that is, data can be completely parallel.
Combiner (Merge function) By the way, combiner. When hadoop runs a user, it specifies
buffer is full, Map will be blocked and the direct path spill will be completed. Before writing the data in the buffer to a disk, the spill thread sorts the data in a secondary order. The spill thread sorts the data in the partition order first, and then sorts the data in each partition by the Key. The output includes an index file and data file. If Combiner is set, the output is sorted Based on the output. Combi
Inverted index:Before we found the file location---Find the wordRight now:Depending on the word, returns the result of which file it appears in, and how often it is.This is like Baidu Search, you enter a keyword, then the Baidu engine quicklyFind the file with the keyword on its server, and depending on the frequency and some other policies(such as page click Poll Rate), etc. to return your results. In this process, the inverted index plays a key roleCombine multiple text words, break down, coun
abstract void Merge (Aggregationbuffer agg, Object partial) throws hiveexception; Public abstract Object Terminate (Aggregationbuffer agg) throws hiveexception; ......}Before you describe the above method, you need to mention a Genericudafevaluator internal enumeration class modepublic static enum Mode { /** * Corresponds to the map stage, calls iterate () and terminatepartial () */ PARTIAL1, /** * Equivalent to combiner phase, ca
method. In each partition, the data is sorted by key, and if there is a combiner, it will perform a protocol operation on the same key to reduce the write and transfer consumption of the data, but combiner is an optimization function that is not necessarily executed, but may be applied more than once. These overflow files are eventually merged into a partitioned and sorted output file, a process called mer
"
In-depth study of MapReduce and its job commissioning and optimization methods
Deep mastery of HDFs and system-level operations and performance optimization methods
The first part. MapreduceMapReduce Workflow and Basic architecture reviewOperation and Maintenance related
Parameter tuning
Benchmark
Reuse JVM
Error awareness and speculative execution
Task Log Analysis
Tolerance for error percentage setting and skipping bad rec
Content Outline1) The base class Mapper class in MapReduce, customizing the parent class of the Mapper class.2) The base class reducer class in MapReduce, customizing the parent class of the Reducer class.1, Mapper ClassAPI documentation1) inputsplit input shard, InputFormat input format2) sorted sorting and group grouping of mapper output results3) partition the mapper output according to the number of reducer patition4) combiner the mapper output da
= IndexedText(porter, grail)>>> text.concordance('lie')r king ! DENNIS : Listen , strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no beat a very brave retreat . ROBIN : All lies ! MINSTREL : [ singing ] Bravest of Nay . Nay . Come . Come . You may lie here . Oh , but you are wounded !doctors immediately ! No , no , please ! Lie down . [ clap clap ] PIGLET : Wellere is much danger , for beyond the cave lies the Gorge of Eternal Peril , which you . Oh ... TIM : To the north there lies
to make a specific sort of it yourself? The answer is yes.But first you need to know the default collation before using it. It is sorted by the key value, and if key is the intwritable type that encapsulates int, then MapReduce sorts the key by the number size,If key is a text type encapsulated as String, then mapreduce sorts the strings in dictionary order.Knowing this detail, we know that we should use the intwritable-type data structure that encapsulates int. That is, the data that is read i
this property. For example, if we calculate the average temperature, we cannot use the combination function above. Because:
Mean (0, 20, 10, 25, 15) = 14
But:
Mean (mean (0, 20), mean (+)) = mean (10) = 15
A composite function cannot replace the reduce function. But it can help reduce the amount of data transferred between map and reduce. For this reason alone, it is worth considering whether you can use a composite function in a mapreduce job.
indicates a combination function
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