NAT (network address translation) simply translates an IP address into another IP address, which is typically used for conversion between unregistered internal addresses and legitimate, registered Internet IP addresses. It is suitable for resolving the Internet IP address tension, do not want to let the network outside know the internal network structure and so on. Each NAT conversion is bound to increase the cost of the NAT device, but this extra overhead is trivial for most networks, except on
Experiment topology:
Lab environment: GNS3 and C3640
Purpose: To verify whether the auto-load balancing function is implemented by the kernel.
Next we will start the experiment
1. Configure an IP address for R1
R1> en
R1 # conf
Starting ing from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1 (config) # int lo0
R1 (config-if) # ip add 1.1.
* Mar 1
balancing operation,one needs several CARP interfaces that are configured to the same IPaddress, but to a different VHIDs. Once an ARP request is received, theCARP protocol will use a hashing function against the source IP addressin the ARP request to determine which VHID should this request belong to.If the corresponding CARP interface is in master state, the ARP requestwill be replied, otherwise it will be ignored. See the EXAMPLES sectionfor a p
mod_jk libLoadmodule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so# Where to find workers. PropertiesJkworkersfile CONF/workers. Properties# Where to put JK logsJklogfile logs/mod_jk.log# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]Jkloglevel info# Select the log formatJklogstampformat "[% A % B % d % H: % m: % S % Y]"# Jkoptions indicates to send SSK key sizeJkoptions + forwardkeysize + forwarduricompat-forwarddirectories# JkrequestlogformatJkrequestlogformat "% w % v % t"# Mount your applicationsJkmount/* loadbalan
Reprint http://hi.baidu.com/aking_roc/item/3f62cb0f57b49736a3332a9eLoad balancer devices are also often referred to as "four to seven layer switches", so what is the difference between the four and seven tiers?First, the technical principle of the difference.The so-called four-layer load balancing , that is, mainly through the message of the destination address and port, coupled with the
. However, it should be pointed out that IGMP supports multicast only when NLB is configured.(Multicast) mode.
When you select multicast mode, there is a repeat option "IGMPMulticast (IGMP Multicast) ". If this option is selected, NLB retains the original MAC address, but addsIGMP multicast address. In addition, the NLB host sends an IGMP message for this group. If the switch detects these messages, it can use the desired multicast address to fill in its ownIn this way, the inbound traffic will
performing load balancing, You need to analyze some specific fields based on different user needs and then forward them to different servers. Therefore, we need to focus on resolving the DHCP packet format.
2. DHCP packet format
DHCP is an extension of the BOOTP protocol. The data packet formats of the two are the same. Some fields in the packet are used for BOOTP.
The following figure shows the DHCP pack
Technology mainly involved ';
IP load Balancing: Is the most efficient in the implementation of load balancing technology, including three technologies, Vs/nat Vs/yun, VS/DR
including Nat a group of servers to constitute a high-performance, highly available virtual server, the problem exists, network services asymmetri
A brief introduction of LVS
LVS is the short name of Linux virtual server, the Linux VM, a free software project initiated by Dr. Zhangwensong, and its official site is www.linuxvirtualserver.org. Now that LVS is already part of the Linux standard kernel, Before the Linux2.4 kernel, the use of LVS must be recompiled to support the LVS function module, but from the Linux2.4 kernel, has been completely built in the LVS function modules, no need to make any patches to the kernel, you can directly
, not the difference between the nodes, if the balance on the WAN, the response time for the user to choose the nearest server is of practical significance , and the more dispersed the cluster topology, the more effective the method can be. This approach is the primary approach to advanced balancing based on topology redirection.3. 6 Weighting methodWeighted methods can only be used in combination with othe
When the system administrator finds that the network performance is poor, the system administrator can allocate resources through network load balancing to optimize the resources.
The development of the Internet has brought infinite fun to people's lives and brought infinite convenience to people's work. However, the rapid development of the network also makes people highly dependent on the network.
Today,
Understanding Server Load balancer firstTransferAndForwardingDifferences:
The transfer and forwarding process is similar to whether customers and outsourcing companies need to directly contact each other. If the contact is received by the receiver. Transparency between customers and outsourcing companies means forwarding.Transfer: to transfer data packets from the client to the actual server, you need to know the address of the actual server.Forward:
following network structure to achieve Load Balancing for the two PostgreSQL servers,Http://www.linux.gov.cn/himages/Linux/lvs_001.gifIt is easy to implement Load Balancing for the two PostgreSQL servers: 192.168.3.2 and 192.168.3.3. Use the following commands:
Echo 1>/proc/sys/NET/IPv4/ip_forwardIpvsadm-a-t 192.168.
LVS (Linux Virtual Server) is a software system for load balancing, consisting of the Ipvs framework that actually works in the kernel section and the ipvsadm used to write rules in user space. The way to work is to distribute access requests to the back-end production servers through the set of scheduling methods and rules. Dr. Zhangwensong is the founder and main developer of LVS.Load
as early as possible before it enters the process user address space from the kernel buffer. And because the scheduler can be used under the application layer, these load-balancing systems can support more network service protocols, such as Ftp,smtp,dns, as well as applications such as streaming media and VoIP.DNAT: Reverse NAT, place the actual server in the internal network, and the NAT server as the gat
result is also not conducive to the promotion of software. So how do you cross this bottleneck and increase the concurrency of MySQL? There are many methods, such as distributed database, read/write separation, high available load balancing, increasing cache server and so on. The previous article has introduced a read-write separation scheme, and next I will explain MySQL high-availability
server Load balancer Technology for network applications. It is completely isolated from switches and servers and becomes an independent technical device. This is the object we will discuss now. Generally, Server Load balancer is divided into seven layers based on different network layers. The second layer of Server Load balancer refers to the use of multiple ph
Recently participated in A10 load balancing equipment training and wrote basic configuration notes based on personal understanding. Cisco ACE modules have been used before, and the fundamentals are consistent.
Note: If there is an understanding error please give the point, thank you.
The notes are as follows:
A10 Load B
iptables, Linux kernel operations, performance compared with the reverse proxy server does not have a qualitative leap; IP load balancing still needs to forward requests to the actual server, at the same time, the response from the actual server needs to be forwarded to the user. Therefore, the performance bottleneck of the server comes from the performance and network bandwidth of the NAT server;3: Direct
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