The principle of PN Code synchronization in 1.CDMA system
The transmitter and receiver adopt high accuracy and high stability clock frequency source to ensure the stability of frequency and phase. But in the practical application, there are many uncertain factors, such as the instability of sending and receiving clocks, uncertainty of launch time, transmission delay and interference, especially in mobile communication, these uncertainties are random,
quasi-synchronization (plesiochronous). The Manchester code allows the receiver to easily extract the clock information from the received bitstream, making it easy to synchronize bits. In the asynchronous communication with the frame as the transmitting unit, the receiver usually uses the method of extracting the clock information from the received bit stream to realize the bit synchronization.In the chara
:
Eb: Bit energy.
It represents the amount of energy per bit.
No: Noise spectral Density.
Unit:watts/hz (or Mwatts/hz)
Which brings us to the classic definition of eb/no:
eb/no: Bit Energy on the spectral Noise Density.
Unit:db
It did not help much, does it?Do not worry. Indeed, only with the theoretical definition was still very difficult to see how this ratio was used, or how it can be Measu Red.But okay, let '
This is summed up by colleagues, I added a number of items, not original, but this is not seen elsewhere, here right vote as original. There is a software architecture diagram behind it. See the missing classmate can add
What is it:information-Information technology-Technol
using a cable. The existing 1-wire adapter supports USB ports, serial ports, and parallel ports. The blue dot receiver and 1-wire adapter are inexpensive. IButton is also the final information carrier of autoid and a variety of portable applications. All the latest handheld computers and PDAs can communicate with iButton. For a complete list of portable devices that can communicate with iButton, visit iBut
Hyper-V is Microsoft's virtualization product. It is Microsoft's first hypervisor-based technology similar to VMware and Citrix open-source xen.
VMware (Chinese name Wei Rui ", New York Stock Exchange" code: vmw) Virtual Machine software, is the world's leading provider of desktop-to-Data Center virtualization solution
MSMQ(Microsoft Message Queue), an asynchronous transfer mode that communicates with multiple different applications, can be distributed on the same machine or distributed in any location in the connected network space, as well. The idea is that the sender of the message puts the information he wants to send into a container (what we call a message) and then saves it to a message queue in a system's public s
Chapter 1 view the world of messages in chapter 3 of Windows (I) What is a message?
3.1 send messages to the "Drawing" program
3.2 process custom messages in VCL
3.2.1 custom message
3.2.2 prepare two windows
3.2.3 message sending
3.2.4 message recipient Processing
3.2.5 display form2 and form1 together
3.2.6 run
Conclusion 3.3
What
The definition of virtualization is "the process of abstracting the resources of a computer." In the abstract process, for different resources (such as storage devices, CPU, memory, network, etc.), and there are different virtualization categories, the more common are:1, Resource virtualization: The main is to abstract some of the computer system resources. such as storage devices, networks, network names,
contain the sender and receiver IDs, so that only the specified user can see the information that is passed to him and the receipt that is returned for successful operation. A message can also contain a timestamp, so that the receiver can process certain time-related applications. A message can also contain an expirat
: telnet, HTTP, FTP, WWW, NFS, SMTP, etc.
(2) Presentation Layer: The main function of this layer is to define the data format and encryption. For example, FTP allows you to transfer data in binary or ASII format. If binary is selected, the sender and receiver do not change the file content. If the ASII format is selec
that the corresponding activity is detailactivity) in order to achieve this goal, Listactivity needs to construct a Intent, which is used to tell the system that we want to do a "view" action, which corresponds to the View object is "a contact", Then call StartActivity (Intent Intent), the constructed Intent incoming, the system will be based on the description
that the logical system corresponding to the receiver has been maintained in sale, assuming the name is i04ls. (We05 check your inbound IDOC and you can see the partner name. This is what we need .) This step is similar to we20 in the previous article. The difference
should be noted that the messages sent from your friend to the receiver are not encrypted because the recipient has no key. Similarly, when using the VPN service, the information sent from the VPN Server to the target website is not encrypted, but this does not affect your anonymous purpose, because your IP address has been replaced with the address of the VPN Server.
In the process of communicating with y
When doing Yahoo, found that using third-party tools to intercept the client and the service side of the communication, has not encountered this situation, looked carefully, its URL request based on HTTPS, GG found the original HTTPS protocol and HTTP has a great difference. Overall, HTTP is more efficient and HTTPS security is higher.First talk about what
, check the list of referers IN THE METHOD list and execute it if any, if no method is found, the method list of the parent class is searched, and so on until the root class is found.I want to tell you that I have not implemented the class method myself. Based on the inheritance relationship above, I will find this method in the nsobject class and thenObjc_msgsen
RS485is a physical interface, simply said to be hardware. MODBUSis an international standard communication protocol for exchanging data between different vendors (typically industrial use); so-called agreements can also be understood as the "language" mentioned above, it is simply software. RS485 belongs to the wired transmission, so it is necessary to hardware transmission media, the actual
goal is often very special. A domain (plural technology) does not need to complete the work; it only exists in a toolbox, from which you can select useful components or a series of application specifications.
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In 1930s, people could monitor planes flying across the channel to England with huge sound mirrors made of cement, 15 feet or higher. It needs to collect sound from 20 miles and then hand it over to someone with super-se
used during deserialization to verify that the sender and receiver of the serialized object loaded the serialized compatible class for the object. Give it a definite value. There are two uses for explicitly defining SERIALVERSIONUID:
In some cases, you want different versions of your class to be compatible with serialization, so you need to ensure that different versions of the class have the same serialversionuid;
On some occasions, you do not want
, using a pair of matching keys for encryption and decryption. Each user has a private key (Private Key) that is only owned by the user, which is used for decryption and signature. Each user also has a Public Key (Public Key) that can be made public to the public, used to encrypt and verify the signature. When a confidential file is sent, the sender encrypts the
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