-bit system that describes the memory access process:Every process on a 32-bit system accesses memory, each process as if its own 4 g of memory space is available, called Virtual memory (address), virtual memory into physical memory is done through the MMU. In order to be able to convert from a linear address to a physical address, the memory space of the page table is required, and the page table is loaded into the MMU. In order to complete the mapping of the linear address to the physical addr
I haven't written a blog for a long time, so I'll continue today.The content we shared with you this time is due to the serialization of a list of enumerated values, and the following simplified code can be reproduced. For the sake of clarity, I explicitly specified the underlying type of the enumeration.//defines an enumeration type. Public enumSomeenum:int{First, Second, third, ...}//the code that reproduces the problem. varList =NewList(); for(inti =0; I +; ++i) {list. ADD ((someenum) (I%3)
files. We can use the reverse proxy function of Nginx to keep only gz files.# can Google "Nginx gzip_static" to learn more
Gzip_comp_level 4# Default value: 1 (recommended option is 4)# gzip Compression ratio/compression level, compression level 1-9, the higher the level of compression, of course, the longer the compression time (faster transmission but more CPU consumption).
Gzip_buffers 4 16k# Default value: Gzip_buffers 4 4k/8k# Set the system t
one bit to the right. (Small elements at the end of the team, called the Rabbit (rabbit) element, they can be exchanged quickly to the head of the team.) )
Hill sort is to compare and exchange elements at greater intervals so that large elements can move more than one position to the right in exchange for faster movement of turtle elements. For example, you can divide an array into 4 sub arrays (i=4k, i=4k
whether the motherboard support the new SATA3.0 interface.
In addition, in the BIOS setup, the hard drive AHCI mode will be turned on, and only in this mode can the SSD performance be better played.
How do I turn on AHCI mode? The specific method is shown in the following figure.
Two, 4K alignment and correct formatting and partitioning
4K alignment is also an important optimi
?
The memory allocated by malloc is a virtual address space
1.VSZ does not grow after every malloc, because the remaining space in the top of the heap can be reused, so the malloc is very lightweight and fast.
2. If the vsz changes, the basic is equivalent to the amount of allocated memory, because VSZ is the total size of the virtual address space.
3.RSS of small increments, because the malloc allocated memory does not immediately allocate the actual storage space, only the first use, foun
data exchange when needed. Systems that use this technology make it easier to write large programs and use real physical memory (such as RAM) more efficiently than systems that do not use virtual memory technology.
(2) Physical memory: The actual memory. The physical address is divided into discrete units that become pages (page). Most systems currently have a page size of 4k.
1.3 Address Translation
Linux uses a Segment-page management mechanism wit
elements, find its value into 1, and according to the index of this element in mem_map[] is worth to the address of the physical page, and then the physical page of the 4K byte clear Zero, and finally return the physical address.
2, Free_page (): Releases the physical page at the specified physical address.
After verifying the validity of this address, it translates the corresponding page address according to it: (addr-1m)/
a bit of granularity and is marked with a symbol G. G=0 represents the segment bounds in byte-bit units, so the 20-bit bounds can be expressed as a range of 1 bytes to 1M bytes, with an increment of 1 bytes; The g=1 represents the segment bounds in 4 K bytes, so the 20-bit bounds can be expressed in the range of 4K bytes to 4G bytes, and the increment is 4K bytes. When the segment boundary is in 4 K bytes,
your device. "When you say, ' OK, Google, ' then the phone will react in part, and the cloud will respond in part," Talluri explains. You don't know where the whole process is going, in the equipment, or in the clouds ... and the whole switching process is so seamless. ”
4.4K video format becomes mainstream
When the screen resolution reaches 4K, such resolution has reached the point where the brain cannot notice pixels. Similarly, when the screen res
the sending side is sent at a faster rate, the receiver receives the data after the processing is slow, and the size of the receive buffer is fixed, the data is lost. The TCP protocol solves this problem through a "sliding window (Slidingwindow)" mechanism. Look at the communication process in the diagram below.
1. Send side initiates the connection, declares the maximum segment size is 1460, the initial sequence number is 0, the window size is 4K,
table item size is 64, the original 4K size of the page table can only contain 512 table items, which takes up
9 bits in a bit-linear address, in the same way, because the page catalog item has the same structure as the page table entry, the higher-level page catalog table can contain only 512 page table items, which also occupies
9 bits in a 32-bit linear address, at which point the remaining digits of the linear address are: 32 bits (total number o
, generally a request header size will not exceed 1k, but because the general system paging is greater than 1k, so this is set to paging size.
#分页大小可以用命令getconf PAGESIZE obtained. #[root@web001 ~]# getconf PAGESIZE #4096 #但也有client_header_buffer_size超过4k的情况, but client_header_buffer_size the value must be set to "system
Integer multiple of the system paging size.
Client_header_buffer_size 4k;
ratio of 127:1, and the maximum data rate can be achieved:
A. 28000b/sB. 8000b/sC. 4000b/sD. can be infinitely large
Analysis: See the signal-to-noise ratio, immediately get started can be calculated:
Rate = 4KLOG2 (1+127) =4k⋅7=28kbps=28000b/s 4klog_2 (1+127) = 4k\cdot 7 = 28kbps = 28000b/s
Do not rush to choose, to want to binary signal means that the direct use of a code is 2 states, that is, V = 2 o'cl
malloc implementation of the Lnux kernel (Oracle's cache buffer shadow)This article original for freas_1990, reprint please indicate source: http://blog.csdn.net/freas_1990/article/details/12845059This article introduces the principle of malloc, and students interested in mm (or interested in Oracle internal implementations) can find content of interest in this article.Malloc is mainly supported by two structures.struct Bucket_desc {/* bytes */void *page; struct bucket_desc *next; void *free
environment does not change requirementsHow do I query Inode and block usage?Df-i # Querying the I and the remaining I for each partition already usedDf-h # Query partition block usageInode Summary:
After the disk partition is formatted as a etx4 file system, a certain number of inode and block
Inode holds file property information and pointers to file entities
EXT3/EXT4 file system block storage file actual data
The inode representation is a string of numb
Intel processors, it cannot be shut down at any time. So even if the page management feature is enabled, the staging mechanism still works, and the segment part still works. Second, page table structureSo how does the paging mechanism work? The paging mechanism can be turned on by setting the PG bit of the CR0 . The page size is 4K and is 4K aligned. When a linear address is converted to a physical addres
Salary problem in Guangzhou
Guangzhou PHP 4K One year experience is not too high?
Guangzhou PHP 6K two years experience?
Guangzhou PHP 6K is not the end of the.
I would like to know the market in Guangzhou.
I 0.8K one months. Sweat...
------Solution--------------------
Dizzy, the man who was squeezed!
------Solution--------------------
Find a regular company
At least 2K or more
------Solution--------------------
800. It's really sweat, sorry for m
standard event model, and if the current system does not have a more efficient method, Nginx chooses Select or pollB) Efficient Event modelKqueue: Used in FreeBSD 4.1+, OpenBSD 2.9+, NetBSD 2.0 and MacOS X. Using the kqueue with a dual-processor MacOS X system can cause the kernel to crash.Epoll: Used in Linux kernel version 2.6 and later systems./dev/poll: Used for Solaris 7 11/99+, Hp/ux 11.22+ (eventport), IRIX 6.5.15+, and Tru64 UNIX 5.1a+.Eventport: Used for Solaris 10. To prevent kernel c
Original addressAllocation granularity: Indicates the minimum allocation for each memory request, such as a 32-bit operating system that basically allocates 64K of size each time. Paging Size: Represents the size of the page, the 32-bit operating system is 4K is the smallest unit of memory management.= 4K + 2K of space, the operating system will allocate a 64K of space at a time, and because the minimum mem
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