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a normal page (4K), The page number is determined by 31:12 bits of the virtual address. PAE paging If it is a large page (2M), page number is determined by 31:21 bits of the virtual address; if it is a normal page (4K), page number is determined by 31:12 of the virtual address. ia-32e paging If it is a large page (1G), page number is determined by 47:30 bits of the virtual address; if it is a large page (2
achieve hot and cold data separation, Redis only need the OS to request a large memory, the OS will automatically put hot data into physical memory, cold data exchange to the hard disk, another well-known "understanding of the modern operating system (3) Varnish is the realization of this, but also achieved a very successful effect. Author Antirez Several reasons for explaining why he wants to implement the VM himself (6). The main OS VM swapping out is based on the page concept, for example, O
. Quad 0x00cffa000000ffff/*0x23 user 4GB code at 0x00000000*/ Now expand these 4 descriptors:63-60 59-56 55-52 51-48 47-44 43-40 39-36 35-32 31-28 27-24 23-20 19-16 15-12 11-8-7-4 3-0KERNEL_CS:0X00CF9A000000FFFF-->0000 0000 1100 1111 1001 1010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111KERNEL_DS:0X00CF92000000FFFF-->0000 0000 1100 1111 1001 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111USER_CS:0X00CFFA000000FFFF-->0000 0000 1100 1111 1111 1010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 111
{ perror ("fork"); } The modified parent process writes one character to the pipe each time and prints the number of bytes already written. When the program stops, the results displayed on the Linux2.6.27 are: Write pipe 65536, total 65536 As you can see, the buffer size of the pipe is now 64KB. The same program appears in MACOSX as: Write pipe 16384, total 16384 You can see that the pipe default buffer size for MacOSX is 16KB. Given the size of the pipe default buffer, it is nat
of solutions: NETAPP a-sis and EMC Celerra either adopt "Data de-duplication light" or single instance technology with embedded storage arrays; The offline data streamlining scheme for host management, such as Ocarina Networks; On-line data compression equipment from storwize; Unlike some backup data reduction schemes, these three methods use lossless data compression algorithms, which means that byte reassembly can be done frequently from a mathematical standpoint. These methods have thei
disk, is the data block. Third, the data block is the size, when a database is established, the parameters are set. Note that in Oracle database parameters, only the data block size parameters are not modified after the library is built. the size of the data block, in a database can support multiple, but generally not much significance, will give management and debugging a certain burden. the size of the data block is an integer multiple of the operating system's data block, and Oracle defaults
Label:Query IDs contains 4 accurate to 4 54 not queriedSELECT * from T_g_sku where ', ' | | ids| | ', ' like '%,4,% ';Ordinal ID Mid Quantity IDs names1 1 90 200 57,54,60 alloy _3l The following _2-3 people2 1 10 250 58,54,60 black Crystal _3l below _2-3 people3 1 20 300 59,54,60 Citrine Honeycomb _3l below _2-3 people4 2 15,9,4 4k Ultra Clear TV _55 inch _6-55 2 10 800 16,9,4 Smart TV _55 inch _6-56 2 15 500 20,9,4 normal TV _55 inch _6-57 3 15,9,4
adjusting the kernel parameters of the system, ignoring the setting of the Shmall parameter. This value is recommended to be set to the physical memory size divided by the paging size.# getconf Page_sizeThe size of the paging is obtained by getconf, which is used to calculate the reasonable setting value of the Shmall:Sql> select 32*1024*1024*1024/4096 from dual;32*1024*1024*1024/4096----------------------8388608For 32G of memory, the 4K paging-size
or file, and also displays the sum of all directories or files-K: Display information in kilobytes-M: Display information in megabytes-H: Display information in the appropriate units-S: Lists only the values of the sumExample:Why DU/ETC/PASSWD display 4K, while ls-l view only 0.8KB?This is the problem of setting block size, the default block size is 4K, so less than 4K
files generally greater than 16K) easy to waste disk space, too small to improve disk I/O performance.Block general size is 1k,2k,4k, boot partition is 1 k, normal partition is 4K (CentOS 6 series)Disk space depends on the inode and block two items, and any one is full and the disk is full.EXT3/EXT4 file system, a file is created to occupy at least one inode and one block, and the inode for different files
files generally greater than 16K) easy to waste disk space, too small to improve disk I/O performance.Block general size is 1k,2k,4k, boot partition is 1 k, normal partition is 4K (CentOS 6 series)Disk space depends on the inode and block two items, and any one is full and the disk is full.EXT3/EXT4 file system, a file is created to occupy at least one inode and one block, and the inode for different files
Drive 4K Alignment:A file 1K also takes up 4K of space.NTFS format is 4K is a cluster, the original hard disk sector is 512 bytes, in order to align the NTFS cluster, the hard disk format into 4 bytes per sector.After the installation is complete:Shutting down the firewallClose Update updates and Action Center iconsClose user Account Control settings (the shield
一：地址空间的分配1:s3c2440是32位的，所以可以寻址4GB空间，内存（SDRAM）和端口（特殊寄存器），还有ROM都映射到同一个4G空间里. 2:开发板上一般都用SDRAM做内存flash（nor、nand）来当做ROM。其中nand flash没有地址线，一次至少要读一页(512B).其他两个有地址线 3:nandflash不用来运行代码，只用来存储代码，NORflash，SDRAM可以直接运行代码）4:s3c2440总共有8个内存banks6个内存bank可以当作ROM或者SRAM来使用留下的2个bank除了当作ROM或者SRAM，还可以用SDRAM(各种内存的读写方式不一样)7个bank的起始地址是固定的还有一个灵活的bank的内存地址，并且bank大小也可以改变5:s3c2440支持两种启动模式：NAND和非NAND（这里是nor flash）。具体采用的方式取决于OM0、OM1两个引脚 OM[1:0所决定的启动方式 OM[1：0]=00时，处理器从NAND Flash启动 OM[1：0]=01时，处理器从16位宽度的ROM启动 OM[1：0]=10时，处理器从32位宽
. • Instruction Fastcgi_ Buffer_size syntax: Fastcgi_buffer_size the_size;Default value: Fastcgi_buffer_size 4k/8k;Using fields: HTTP, server, locationThis parameter specifies how much buffer will be used to read the first part of the incoming reply from the fastcgi server.In general, a small answer header is included in this section.The default buffer size is the size of each block in the Fastcgi_buffers directive, which can be set to a smaller value
Transferred from: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23193900-id-3187782.html1.MMU Introduction The MMU Management Unit, Memory Management Unit, primary responsibility: mapping virtual addresses to physical addresses, providing hardware-mechanism memory access checks. 2. Basic concept virtual address (Vsan Address,va), modified virtual address (Modified VA), Physical address (phisical addresses)VA is the address used by the CPU, MVA is used by MMU, caches, PA is memory device use, their mapping Relat
not physical memory, but virtual memory concepts.Redis VMS Follow the previous Epoll implementation of the idea is still self-fulfilling. However, the introduction of the previous operating system mentioned that the OS can also automatically help the program to achieve cold and hot data separation, Redis only need the OS to request a large memory, the OS will automatically put hot data into physical memory, cold data exchange to the hard disk, another well-known "understanding of modern operati
256Block Device 254:1As you can see, there are still different problems that need to be executed in the following order[Email protected]:~# resize2fs/dev/mapper/liulianca_test-lqxRESIZE2FS 1.42.12 (29-aug-2014)Filesystem at/dev/mapper/liulianca_test-lqx is mounted on/lvm_test; On-line resizing requiredOld_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1The filesystem on/dev/mapper/liulianca_test-lqx is now 786432 (4k) blocks long.Just look at the volume, okay?[E
K to indicate that it is 4k.Because the block size of the default format disk is 4096 bytes or 4K, even a small file will have a block size of 4k.The du-b will be counted in B units of the file size, so the results are inconsistent.3. Understand these concepts of disk: Heads, sectors, cylinders.Head (heads): The head is fixed on a movable manipulator for reading and writing data. Modern hard drives are both double-sided and readable, so the headThe n
*******************************0x10000000-0x1004e000 *******************************VM Arguments:java_command:com.sy.test.TestNative Launcher Type:sun_standardEnvironment variables:java_home=*******************************classpath=******************************* path=******************************* USERNAME=user OS=Windows_NT Processor_identifier=x86 Family 6 Model stepping 8, Genuineintel---------------s Y s T E M---------------Os:windows XP Build 2600 Service Pack 2Cpu:total 1 (cores per CPU
request. If the timeout period is exceeded, the connection will be closed if the action is not written. In addition, UWSGI itself has a parameter Harakiri (configured in Uwsgi.xml or Uwsgi.ini), and if each request takes more than that value, the request is discarded and the corresponding worker is retracted. Specification of common parameters of Nginx Uwsgi moduleUwsgi under the NginxOfficial documentsActual configuration (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf) In this example, only 3 parameters are use
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