I. Basics
1. Description: Create a database
Create Database database-name
2. Description: delete a database.
Drop database dbname
3. Description: Back up SQL Server
--- Create a device for the backup data
Use master
Exec sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testback', 'c: \ mssql7backup \ mynwind_1.dat'
--- Start backup
Backup database pubs to testback
4. Description: Create a new table.
Create Table tabname (col1 type1 [not null] [primary key], col2 type2 [not null],...)
Create a new table based on an existing table:
A: Create Table tab_new like tab_old (use the old table to create a new table)
B: Create Table tab_new as select col1, col2. .. From tab_old definition only
5. Description: delete a new table.
Drop table tabname
6. Description: Add a column.
Alter table tabname add column Col type
Note: Columns cannot be deleted after they are added. After columns are added to DB2, the data type cannot be changed. The only change is to increase the length of the varchar type.
7. Description: Add a primary key: alter table tabname add primary key (COL)
Delete a primary key: alter table tabname drop primary key (COL)
8. Description: Create an index: Create [unique] index idxname on tabname (Col ....)
Delete index: drop index idxname
Note: The index cannot be changed. To change the index, you must delete it and recreate it.
9. Description: Create view viewname as select statement
Delete view: Drop view viewname
10. Description: several simple basic SQL statements
Select: Select * From Table1 where range
Insert: insert into Table1 (field1, field2) values (value1, value2)
Delete: delete from Table1 where range
Update: Update Table1 set field1 = value1 where range
Search: Select * From Table1 where field1 like '% value1 %' --- the like syntax is very subtle, query information!
Sort: Select * From Table1 order by field1, field2 [DESC]
Total: Select count as totalcount from Table1
Sum: Select sum (field1) as sumvalue from Table1
Average: Select AVG (field1) as avgvalue from Table1
MAX: Select max (field1) as maxvalue from Table1
Min: select Min (field1) as minvalue from Table1
11. Description: several advanced query Operators
A: Union operator
The Union operator combines two other result tables (such as Table1 and table2) and removes any duplicate rows from the table to generate a result table. When all is used together with Union (that is, Union all), duplicate rows are not eliminated. In either case, each row of the derived table is from either Table1 or table2.
B: Random t operator
The distinct t operator derives a result table by including all rows in Table 1 but not in table 2 and eliminating all repeated rows. When all is used with distinct T (distinct t all), duplicate rows are not eliminated.
C: intersect Operator
The Intersect operator derives a result table by only including the rows in Table1 and Table2 and eliminating all repeated rows. When all is used with intersect (intersect all), duplicate rows are not eliminated.
Note: The query results of several computation words must be consistent.
12. Note: use external connections
A. left Outer Join:
Left Outer Join (left join): the result set contains the matched rows in the connected table, and all rows in the left connected table.
SQL: select a. a, a. B, A. C, B. C, B. D, B. F from a left out join B on A. A = B. C
B: Right outer join:
Right Outer Join (right join): the result set includes both matched join rows in the connection table and all rows in the right join table.
C: Full outer join:
Full outer join: includes not only matching rows in the symbolic join table, but also all records in the two join tables.
Ii. Improvement
1. Description: copy a table (only copy structure, source table name: a new table name: B) (access available)
Method 1: Select * into B from a where 1 <> 1
Method 2: Select top 0 * into B from
2. Description: copy a table (copy data, source table name: A target table name: B) (access available)
Insert into B (a, B, c) Select D, E, F from B;
3. Description: Table Copying across databases (absolute path for specific data) (access is available)
Insert into B (a, B, c) Select D, E, F from B in 'specific database' where Condition
Example:... from B in '"& server. mappath (". ") &" \ data. mdb "&" 'where ..
4. Description: subquery (table name 1: Table A name 2: B)
Select a, B, c from a where a in (select D from B) or: select a, B, c from a where a in (1, 2, 3)
5. Description: Display Article , Submitted and last reply time
Select a. Title, A. username, B. adddate from Table A, (select max (adddate) adddate from table where table. Title = A. Title) B
6. Description: External join query (table name 1: Table A name 2: B)
Select a. a, a. B, A. C, B. C, B. D, B. F from a left out join B on A. A = B. C
7. Description: Online View query (table name 1:)
Select * from (select a, B, c from a) t where T. A> 1;
8. Description: between usage. When between restricts the Data Query range, it includes the boundary value. Not between does not include
Select * From Table1 where time between time1 and time2
Select a, B, c, from Table1 where a not between value 1 and value 2
9. Description: How to Use in
Select * From Table1 where a [not] In ('value 1', 'value 2', 'value 4', 'value 6 ')
10. Description: two associated tables are used to delete information that is not in the secondary table.
Delete from Table1 where not exists (select * From Table2 where table1.field1 = table2.field1)
11. Notes: four table join query problems:
Select * from a left inner join B on. A = B. B right inner join C on. A = C. C inner join D on. A = D. d Where .....
12. Note: Five minutes ahead of schedule reminder
SQL: Select * from Schedule where datediff ('minute ', F Start Time, getdate ()> 5
13. Note: One SQL statement is used to handle database paging.
Select top 10 B. * From (select top 20 primary key field, sorting field from table name order by sorting field DESC) A, table name B where B. primary key field =. primary key field order by. sorting Field
14. Note: The first 10 records
Select top 10 * Form Table1 where range
15. Note: select all the information of the largest record of a corresponding to the data with the same B value in each group (similar usage can be used for the monthly ranking of the forum and Analysis of popular products each month, rank by subject score, etc .)
Select a, B, c from tablename Ta where a = (select max (a) from tablename TB where TB. B = TA. B)
16. Description: includes all rows in tablea but not in tableb and tablec and removes all repeated rows to derive a result table.
(Select a from tablea) Before t (select a from tableb) Before t (select a from tablec)
17. Description: 10 data records are randomly taken out.
Select top 10 * From tablename order by newid ()
18. Description: randomly selected records
Select newid ()
19. Note: delete duplicate records
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max (ID) from tablename group by col1, col2 ,...)
20. Description: Lists All table names in the database.
Select name from sysobjects where type = 'U'
21. Note: List all
Select name from syscolumns where id = object_id ('tablename ')
22. Description: lists the fields of type, vender, and PCs, which are arranged by the Type field. case can be easily selected, similar to case in select.
Select Type, sum (Case vender when 'a then PCs else 0 end), sum (Case vender when 'C' then PCs else 0 end ), sum (Case vender when 'B' then PCs else 0 end) from tablename group by type
Display result:
Type vender PCs
Computer A 1
Computer A 1
Cd B 2
Cd a 2
Mobile phone B 3
Mobile phone C 3
23. Description: Initialize table 1.
Truncate table Table1
24. Description: select a record from 10 to 15.
Select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from Table order by id asc) Table _ alias order by ID DESC
Iii. Skills
1. 1 = 2. It is used in combination of SQL statements.
"Where 1 = 1" means to select all "where 1 = 2" Not all,
For example:
If @ strwhere! =''
Begin
Set @ strsql = 'select count (*) as total from ['+ @ tblname +'] where' + @ strwhere
End
Else
Begin
Set @ strsql = 'select count (*) as total from ['+ @ tblname +']'
End
We can directly write
Set @ strsql = 'select count (*) as total from ['+ @ tblname +'] where 1 = 1 Anding '+ @ strwhere
2. shrink the database
-- Re-Indexing
DBCC reindex
DBCC indexdefrag
-- Shrink data and logs
DBCC shrinkdb
DBCC shrinkfile
3. compress the database
DBCC shrinkdatabase (dbname)
4. Transfer the database to a new user with the existing user permission
Exec sp_change_users_login 'Update _ one', 'newname', 'oldname'
Go
5. Check the backup set
Restore verifyonly from disk = 'e: \ dvbbs. Bak'
6. Restore the database
Alter database [dvbbs] Set single_user
Go
DBCC checkdb ('dvbbs ', repair_allow_data_loss) with tablock
Go
Alter database [dvbbs] Set multi_user
Go
7. Log clearing
Set nocount on
Declare @ logicalfilename sysname,
@ Maxminutes int,
@ Newsize int
Use tablename -- Name of the database to be operated
Select @ logicalfilename = 'tablename _ log', -- Log File Name
@ Maxminutes = 10, -- limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@ Newsize = 1 -- the size of the log file you want to set (m)
-- Setup/initialize
Declare @ originalsize int
Select @ originalsize = size
From sysfiles
Where name = @ logicalfilename
Select 'original size of '+ db_name () + 'Log is' +
Convert (varchar (30), @ originalsize) + '8 K pages or '+
Convert (varchar (30), (@ originalsize * 8/1024) + 'mb'
From sysfiles
Where name = @ logicalfilename
Create Table dummytrans
(Dummycolumn char (8000) not null)
Declare @ counter int,
@ Starttime datetime,
@ Trunclog varchar (255)
Select @ starttime = getdate (),
@ Trunclog = 'backup log' + db_name () + 'with truncate_only'
DBCC shrinkfile (@ logicalfilename, @ newsize)
Exec (@ trunclog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
While @ maxminutes> datediff (MI, @ starttime, getdate () -- time has not expired
And @ originalsize = (select size from sysfiles where name = @ logicalfilename)
And (@ originalsize * 8/1024)> @ newsize
Begin -- outer loop.
Select @ counter = 0
While (@ counter <@ originalsize/16) and (@ counter< 50000 ))
Begin -- Update
Insert dummytrans values ('fill log ')
Delete dummytrans
Select @ counter = @ counter + 1
End
Exec (@ trunclog)
End
Select 'final size of '+ db_name () + 'Log is' +
Convert (varchar (30), size) + '8 K pages or '+
Convert (varchar (30), (size * 8/1024) + 'mb'
From sysfiles
Where name = @ logicalfilename
Drop table dummytrans
Set nocount off
8. Description: modify a table.
Exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename', 'dbo'
9. Store and change all tables
Create procedure DBO. user_changeobjectownerbatch
@ Oldowner as nvarchar (128 ),
@ Newowner as nvarchar (128)
As
Declare @ name as nvarchar (128)
Declare @ owner as nvarchar (128)
Declare @ ownername as nvarchar (128)
Declare curobject cursor
Select 'name' = Name,
'Owner' = user_name (UID)
From sysobjects
Where user_name (UID) = @ oldowner
Order by name
Open curobject
Fetch next from curobject into @ name, @ owner
While (@ fetch_status = 0)
Begin
If @ owner = @ oldowner
Begin
Set @ ownername = @ oldowner + '.' + rtrim (@ name)
Exec sp_changeobjectowner @ ownername, @ newowner
End
-- Select @ name, @ newowner, @ oldowner
Fetch next from curobject into @ name, @ owner
End
Close curobject
Deallocate curobject
Go
10. Data is written cyclically in SQL Server.
Declare @ I int
Set @ I = 1
While @ I <30
Begin
Insert into test (userid) values (@ I)
Set @ I = @ I + 1
End
This week, this month, and this year functions that are frequently used in note stored procedures
Dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (),-1)
Dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (), 6)
Dateadd (mm, datediff (mm, 0, getdate (), 0)
Dateadd (MS,-3, dateadd (mm, datediff (M, 0, getdate () + ))
Dateadd (YY, datediff (YY, 0, getdate (), 0)
Dateadd (MS,-3, dateadd (YY, datediff (YY, 0, getdate () + 1, 0 ))
The preceding SQL Code Only one time period
Dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (),-1)
Dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (), 6)
Indicates the time period of the week.
The following SQL condition section is the query time period within the range of this week:
Where time between dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (),-1) and dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (), 6)
In the stored procedure
Select @ begintime = dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (),-1)
Select @ endtime = dateadd (wk, datediff (wk, 0, getdate (), 6)
