11 Tips for Beginners to learn Linux systems

　　With the expansion of Linux applications many friends start to contact Linux, according to the experience of learning Windwos often have some dazed feeling: I do not know where to start learning. Here are some suggestions for learning Linux.   First, starting from the basics: often some friends ask questions in the Linux forum, but most of these issues are very basic. For example: Why I use a command, the system tells me that the directory is not found, how I want to restrict the user's permissions and other issues, these problems are not very difficult, as long as the foundation of Linux, should be able to easily solve the problem. And some friends often a contact with Linux is the hope of the framework of the site, there is no idea to first understand the foundation of Linux. This is quite difficult.   Linux commands are required to learn while Linux desktop applications are developing quickly, commands still have a strong vitality in Linux. Linux is a command line of the operating system, the essence of the command line, regardless of the level of the development of the graphical interface this principle will not change, Linux commands have many powerful features: from simple disk operations, file access, to the production of complex multimedia images and streaming media files. To give an example: the common command of Linux find, look at the man document, beginners will feel too complex to use, but once you learn to put it down. Its function is too strong, in conjunction with the exec parameters or through the pipeline redirection to the Xargs command and grep command, you can complete a very complex operation, if the same operation with the graphical interface tools to complete, I am afraid to spend more than more than 10 time. Different versions of the number of Linux commands are not the same, here the author of their more important and most frequently used commands, according to their role in the system is divided into several parts introduced to you, through the learning of these basic commands we can further understand the Linux system: Install and Login commands: Login, Shutdown, halt, reboot, Mount, umount, CHSH document processing commands: File, mkdir, grep, DD, find, MV, LS, diff, Cat, ln system Management related commands: DF, top, Fre E, quota, at, LP, AddUser, Groupadd Kill, Crontab, Tar, unzip, Gunzip, last network operation command: Ifconfig, IP, ping, netstat, telnet, f TP, Route, Rlogin rcp, finger, mail, nslookup system security-related commands: passwd, Su, umask, Chgrp, chmod, Chown, chattr, sudo, pswho  three, choosing a good reference book is very important for learners. A textbook of misconceptions can lead the novice astray. At present, there are many books about Linux, but the quality of the book is not much, I strongly recommend reading the photocopy of "O ' Reilly original Linux book http://www.oreilly.com.cn/", and the publishing house also provides a very good roadmap:/http www.oreilly.com.cn/guide/guide_linux.php.   Choose a Linux distribution that is right for you there are currently more than 100 Linux distributions worldwide, and more than 10 common versions can be found in the country. How to choose based on your needs and capabilities, Redhat Linux and Debian Linux are ideal for network administrators. For English is not very good readers Red Flag Linux, the winning bid Linux these Chinese version is more suitable. Now some Linux sites have some free download of Linux version, here is to say is not suitable for Linux beginners.   Develop a job at the command line: Be sure to develop the habit of working under the command line, knowing that X-window is just an application running in command line mode. Learning at the command line although the initial progress is slow, but familiar with, your future learning path will be increased exponentially in the way of growth. From the network administrator, the command line is actually the rule, it is always effective, but also flexible. Even through a slow modem line, it can manipulate remote systems up to thousands of kilometres away.   Six, choose a Linux community that suits you; with the expansion of Linux applications, there are many Linux communities. Some of them are very good communities: www.linuxforum.net (the highest level GNU site in the country), http://www.chinaunix.net/(China's largest UNIX technology community), but these forums are often the stage for Linux gurus, If you post a very elementary question in a forum that explores advanced techniques, there are often no results. There are also a number of very rich learning materials and community integrated site, such as: www.xxlinux.com study articles and information is very sufficient, there are communities for everyone to communicate. Beginner this can get a lot of help.   Seven, diligent practice: to increase their own Linux skills, only through the practice to achieve. So get a computer, install a Linux distribution, and get into the exciting Linux world. PhaseThe letter will certainly be a big deal for your own Linux abilities. In addition, the human brain is not like a computer's hard disk, unless the hard drive is broken or the data is erased, otherwise the stored data will always and immediately memory on the hard disk. In the curve of human memory, you have to constantly repeat the practice to remember a thing more familiar. Similarly, learning Linux is the same, if you can not learn often, learn the back, the front of the forgotten. Once you're familiar with Linux commands, you can start building a small Linux network, which is the best practice. Linux is synonymous with the network, Linux network services are very powerful, whether it is mail server, Web server, DNS server, etc. are very perfect. Of course you don't need to build all the services, you can take it slow. It should be explained that this Linux network for beginners has two or three computers, one of the best computer installed Windows system. Do not have to wait for others to help you solve the problem.   Eight, how to get online Help and private operating system, the release of each Linux version of the technical support time is shorter, which is often not enough for Linux beginners. In fact, when you install a complete Linux system which already contains a powerful help, just maybe you have not found and used their skills.   1. Major Linux distributions come with very detailed documentation (including man pages and FAQs), from System installation to system security, detailed documentation for people at different levels, and 40% of questions can be resolved here after reading the document carefully.   2. Refer to the classic reference books and howto, especially howto is the world's tens of thousands of Linux, Unix experience Summary is very reference value usually 40% of the problem can also be solved.   Nine, get help in the Linux forum if the above measures do not solve the problem, you will need the help of the Linux community at this time. Linux users are generally professionals, they have a good computer background and are willing to assist others, Linux experts have a cultural spirit to encourage beginners. How to get help in the Linux community, it is necessary to explain that you have thoughtful thinking, prepare your questions, don't ask questions hastily, or you will get a hasty answer or no answer at all. The more you show the effort to solve the problem before you ask for help, the more substantial help you can get. It is best to search the forum for any articles you need. This will result in a multiplier effect. The following author in the forum to see a good question: "After the installation of Red Flag 4.0, the system of purple-violet input method comes with the dual-solution and my habits are not the same, how to customize the two-solution solution? Thank you? "This question is very concise, the author five minutes later gave the solution:" First back up the original file to another directory, and then delete/usr/local/UNISPIM/UNISPIMSP.KSC, edit/usr/local/unispim/unispimsp.ini, and finally restart the computer, generate a new UNISPIMSP.KSC "and if the problem is resolved, send a note to the person who helped you." , let them know how the problem is resolved, and this supplement helps others search the mailing lists/newsgroups/forums for complete solutions that have helped you, which may also be useful to them. Let's take a look at a question that is impossible to answer: "Help you master, ask you some questions: How to configure the Linux under the HTTP, FTP, Samba, DNS, DHCP, SendMail server, thank you" This kind of question I think even the Linux master also is difficult to quickly accurate concise answer you. You need to provide accurate and effective information. This is not to ask you to simply extract tons of error codes or data from a full dump into your question. If you have a large and complex test condition, try to cut it as small as possible. You may encounter this situation, and for a problem there will be different content answers, which you need to verify through practice. It is also an option to put this problem in other Linux communities asking for help. If you don't get the answer, please don't think we feel unable to help you. Sometimes people who just see your problem don't know the answer. A change of community is a good choice. In addition, we must pay attention to some etiquette when asking questions. Because the Linux community is a loose organization and does not assume the obligation to reply to each post. It is not technical support.   10. Using Unix thinking to learn Linux Linux is a reference to UNIX design, understanding that Linux must follow the Unix thought. The transformation of the ideological content is more useful than a temporary technique, because he can help you speed up your learning.   11. Learn professional English If you want to learn more about Linux, you can't read it because the documentation is really too difficult. The best and most comprehensive documentation is written in English, and the first technical information published is also written in English. Even non-English-speaking countries publish technical documents, which are first translated into English and published in international academic journals and online. Install a new software when the first read the Readme, then look at the install and then look at the FAQ, the last to install, so encountered problems to know why. If the document does not look, the result is a problem then go to the forum to find the answer instead of wasting time. 11. Finally, the roadmap for Linux learning is:  1. Master at least 50 more common commands.   2. Familiar with Gnome/kde and other x-windows desktop environment operation.   3. Master. Tgz,. Common installation methods for RPM and other packages   4. Learn to add peripherals, install device drivers(e.g. NIC)   5. Familiar with Grub/lilo guide and simple repair operation.   6. Familiar with Linux file system and directory structure.   7. Master Vi,gcc,gdb and other common editors, compilers, debuggers.   8. Understand shell aliases, pipelines, I/O redirection, input and output, and shell scripting.   9. Learn about networking in a Linux environment.   above is the author to learn some of the Linux experience, I hope you have some help.   This article from Chinaunix blog, if you look at the original point: http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/29515/showart_317307.html

11 tips for new Linux system beginners