11 Tips for Beginners to learn Linux systems _linux

With the expansion of Linux applications many friends start to touch Linux, according to learning Windwos experience often have some vague feeling: do not know where to start learning. Here are some suggestions for learning about Linux.

first, from the basics: often some friends in the Linux forum to ask some questions, but most of these problems are very basic. For example: Why do I use a command when the system tells me that I can not find the directory, how can I limit the user's permissions and so on, these problems are not difficult, as long as you understand the basis of Linux, you should be able to easily solve this problem. And some friends often contact Linux is the hope that the framework of the site, did not expect to first understand the basics of Linux. This is quite difficult.

second, the Linux command is necessary to learn although Linux desktop applications to develop quickly, but the command in Linux still has a strong vitality. Linux is a command line of the operating system, the essence of the command line, regardless of the graphical interface to what level this principle will not change, Linux commands have many powerful features: from simple disk operations, file access, to the production of complex multimedia graphics and streaming media files. For example: Linux common commands Find, look at the man document, beginners will feel too complex and not intended to use, but once you learn to put it down. It's too powerful, in conjunction with the EXEC parameter or through pipe redirection to the Xargs command and grep commands, Can complete the very complex operation, if the same operation with the graphical interface tool to complete, I am afraid to spend more than 10 more time. Different versions of the Linux command number is not the same, here the author of their more important and most frequently used commands, according to their role in the system into several parts to introduce to you, through these basic command of learning we can further understand the Linux system:

Installation and Login commands:login, shutdown, halt, reboot, Mount, Umount, Chsh

Document processing commands:file, mkdir, grep, DD, find, MV, LS, diff, Cat, ln

System Management Related commands: df, top, free, quota, at, LP, AddUser, Groupadd Kill, Crontab, Tar, unzip, Gunzip, last

Network Operations Commands:ifconfig, IP, ping, netstat, Telnet, ftp, route, Rlogin rcp, finger, mail, nslookup

system Security Related commands: passwd, Su, umask, Chgrp, chmod, Chown, chattr, sudo, pswho

third, the choice of a good reference book for learners is very important. a wrong idea of the tool will let the novice whole astray. At present, there are many books on Linux in China but not many boutique, I strongly recommend reading a photocopy of "O ' Reilly original Linux book", and the publishing house also provides a very good road map:.

Choose a Linux distribution that is right for you, with more than 100 Linux distributions worldwide and more than 10 common versions at home. How to choose according to your needs and capabilities, Redhat Linux and Debian Linux is ideal for network administrators. For English is not very good readers Red Flag Linux, the successful bid Linux these Chinese version is more suitable. Now some Linux sites have some Linux version of the free download, here to say is not suitable for Linux beginners.

v. Develop a job at the command line: Be sure to get into the habit of working at the command line, knowing that X-window is just an application running in command line mode. Learning at the command line although the start is slow, but after familiarity, your future learning path will increase exponentially. From the network administrator, the command line is actually the rule, it is always effective, but also flexible. Even through a slow modem line, it can manipulate remote systems thousands of of kilometres away.

Choose a Linux community that is right for you; with the expansion of Linux applications, many Linux communities have emerged.

There are some very good communities:Www.linuxforum.net(the national highest level GNU site), http://www.chinaunix.net/ (China's largest UNIX technology community), However, these forums are often the Masters of Linux Arena, if the discussion of advanced skills in the forum to post very elementary questions often have no results. There are also some very rich learning materials and the Community's integrated site, such as: www.xxlinux.com learning articles and information is very sufficient, there are community for everyone to communicate. Beginners This can be a great help.

Seven, diligent practice: to increase their own Linux skills, only through practice to achieve. So, find a computer, quickly install a Linux distribution, and then go into the wonderful Linux world. Believe that your own Linux capabilities will certainly make a big deal. In addition, the human brain is not like a computer's hard drive, unless the hard drive is broken or the data is erased, the stored data will be permanently and immediately memory on the hard drive. In the human memory curve, you have to repeat the practice to remember a thing more familiar. Similarly, learning Linux is the same, if you can not often learn, learn the back, the front of the forgotten. You can start to build a small Linux network when you are familiar with the Linux commands, which is the best way to practice. Linux is synonymous with the network, Linux network services are very powerful, whether it is the mail server, Web servers, DNS servers are very perfect. Of course you don't need to build all the services, you can take it slow. It should be explained that this Linux network has two or three computers for beginners, one of which is best equipped with Windows systems. Do your own work, don't have to wait for others to help you solve the problem.

Viii. how to get online Help

Unlike proprietary operating systems, each Linux release has a shorter technical support time, which is often not enough for Linux beginners. In fact, when you install a complete Linux system which already contains a powerful help, it is possible that you have not found and use their skills.
1. The mainstream Linux distributions come with very detailed documentation (including the man pages and FAQs), from System installation to system security, detailed documentation for people at different levels, and 40% questions that can be resolved after careful reading of the document.
2. Access to classic reference books and howto, in particular the howto is the world's tens of thousands of Linux, Unix experience summed up very reference value usually 40% of the problem can also be solved.

Get help at Linux Forum

If the above measures do not solve the problem, you will need the help of the Linux community at this time.

Linux users are generally professionals, they have a good computer background and are willing to help others, Linux master more to encourage the cultural spirit of beginners. How to get help in the Linux community is a matter of thoughtful thinking, preparing your questions, not asking questions hastily, or getting sloppy answers or no answers at all. The more you show your efforts to solve problems before you ask for help, the more you can get substantial help. It is best to search the forum for any articles you need. This will achieve a multiplier effect.

The following author in the forum to see a good question: "The installation of Red Flag 4.0, the system purple Input method with the two-spell scheme and my habit is not the same, how to customize the two-spell solution?" Thank you. "This question is very concise, the author gave five minutes after the solution."

Workaround: "First back up the original file to another directory, then delete/usr/local/unispim/unispimsp.ksc, edit/usr/local/unispim/unispimsp.ini, and finally restart the computer, Generate a new UNISPIMSP.KSC "if the problem is resolved after another reply, make a note to the people who have helped you and let them know how the problem is solved, and this supplement helps others to search the mailing lists/newsgroups/forums for complete solutions that you have helped, which may be useful to them as well. Here is a question that can not be answered: "Help you master, to ask you some questions: How to configure the Linux HTTP, FTP, Samba, DNS, DHCP, SendMail server, thank you" This problem I think even the Linux master is difficult to quickly and accurately concise answer you. You need to provide accurate and effective information. This is not to ask you to simply extract tons of error codes or data completely into your questions. If you have large and complex test conditions, try to trim it as small as possible. You may be in the situation where you will have different answers to a question, which you need to verify by practice. It is also a choice to put this problem in other Linux communities asking for help. If you don't get the answer, please don't think we can't help you. Sometimes people who just see your problem don't know the answer. It is a good choice to change a community at this time. Be sure to note some etiquette when you ask questions. Because the Linux community is a loose organization and does not accept the obligation to reply to each post. It is not technical support.

Ten Learning Linux with Unix thinking

Linux is designed in the light of Unix thinking, and understanding that Linux has to be done in the UNIX mindset. The transformation of the mental content is more useful than the temporary technical improvement, because he can help you to speed up the study.

Xi. Learn Professional English

If you want to study Linux in depth, you don't understand because the document is too difficult. The best, most comprehensive documents are written in English, and the first technical information is written in English. Even people in non-English-speaking countries publish technical documents, which are first translated into English in international academic journals and networks. Install a new software first look at the readme, then look at the install and then look at the FAQ, the last to install, so you encounter problems to know why. If the documentation does not look, the result is a problem and then go to the forum to find the answer instead of wasting time.

Finally, the roadmap for Linux learning:

1. Master at least 50 or more common commands.
2. Familiar with Gnome/kde and other x-windows desktop environment operation.
3. Master the common installation methods for packages such as tgz,. RPM, etc.
4. Learn to add peripherals, install device drivers (such as network adapters)
5. Familiar with the Grub/lilo and simple repair operations.
6. Familiar with Linux file system and directory structure.
7. Master Vi,gcc,gdb and other common editor, compiler, debugger.
8. Understand shell aliases, pipelines, I/O redirection, input and output, and shell scripting.
9. Learn about networking in a Linux environment.

The above is the author learn Linux some experience, hope to you some help, thanks to watch brother Lian education sharing

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