12 typical Linux applications

Article Title: 12 typical application skills in Linux. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.
This article introduces 12 classic skills in the application process of Linux operating system. You can use these skills to better use the Linux system.
　　
1. Process special file names
Suppose there is a file name named "-ee" in Linux. If we want to operate on it, for example, to delete it, enter the rm-ee command in the command line according to the general deletion method, the interface will prompt that we are "invalid option". Since the first character of the file name is "-", Linux regards the file name as an option, to solve this problem, run the "--" command to delete the file named "-ee. If it is another special character, you can add a "" symbol before the special character, or use double quotation marks to enclose the entire file name.
　　
2. install Linux directly
When installing the Linux operating system, you can use the software named uploadlin.exe in the system optical disk to directly transfer the Linux core to the memory. The Linux core replaces the current operating system to take over the computer and enter the Linux installation interface. When installing Linux, you only need to enter "loadlin E: imagesvmlinuz root =/dev/ram initrd = E: imagesinitrd. the img command can directly install Linux. "E: imagesvmlinuz" is the core name of Linux.
　　
3. Eliminate crashes in Xwindows
We can use two common methods to eliminate this phenomenon: first, use the composite key "Ctrl + Alt + Backspace" on the keyboard to close the currently running task; second, first, press and hold the "Ctrl + Alt + F2" compound key on the keyboard, switch the system to another console, log on to the system, and then run the "# ps-ax/grep startx" command, this will list the process IDs of your Xserver, and then enter the following command in the command line to eliminate the crash phenomenon in Xwindows: # kill-9 PID_Number, finally, return to the original platform through the Alt + F1 compound key.
　　
4. Quickly shut down the Linux System
The latest version of Linux/UNIX systems draws on the mainframe technology and uses a log file system that prevents power loss. It can automatically track and save user data and automatically refresh the file system synchronously, you can turn off the power at will to quickly shut down the system.
　　
5. cleverly use the "rm" command
We can use the "rm" command with the "-r" parameter to delete a non-empty directory. For example, we can enter a command like "rm-r bbb" in the command line, the system deletes all files and subdirectories in the bbb directory.
　　
6. cleverly use the "Tab" Key
You know that when you enter commands on the Linux character interface, you sometimes need to enter many characters. It is troublesome to enter the characters one by one. If the entered characters are sufficient to determine the next unique file in the directory, we only need to press the "Tab" key on the disk to automatically complete the remaining parts of the file name, for example, if you want to unpackage the directory/ccc's file "Export ddddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz", when you type "tar xvfz/ccc/d" in the command line, if the file is the only file in the directory with the "d" header, you can directly press the "Tab" key, then the command will be automatically filled with: tar xvfz/ccc/ddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz, this improves the input efficiency.
　　
7. Use the mouse to copy and paste the file to improve the operation speed.
After the Linux system is installed, a program named "gpm" is automatically run every time the character interface is started. After the program runs, you can copy and paste it with your mouse. The specific method is to press and hold the left mouse button to highlight the place to be copied. The highlighted area has been copied, right-click the copied content and paste it at the cursor position. If we run Linux in Xwindow, the copy and paste operations are the same as those in Windows 9x.
　　
8. Start Linux quickly
In DOS, there is a simple and fast way to start Linux, that is, load Linux. Loadlin.exe is an executable program in DOS. It can quickly start Linux in a pure DOS environment without restarting the computer, we can find this program in the "/kernels" directory of the CD. If you do not know where the program is stored on the installation disk, you can use the "find-name loadlin *" command to find it. Copy it to the DOS partition and copy the Linux Kernel File you are using. You can use Windows to copy files directly from the CD, or use the "mcopy" command in Linux to copy files to the DOS partition, and then write a file named "Linux. bat. The content of the file is as follows: c: loadlin c: vmlinuz root =/dev/hda1 ro(we set the loadlin.exe and vmlinuz kernel files to the c root directory, "root" is the root device of Linux, and Linux is in the first partition of the hard disk, so the device name is "/dev/hda1" and "ro" indicates readonly ). You can run "Linux. bat" to start Linux in DOS later.
　　
9. Add virtual cache
Run the following command: mkswap/dev/hda (assuming the Linux drive is/dev/hda) and swapon/dev/hda. Swap must be started automatically, you can add the new partition to the etc/fstab file, just write it according to the original swap. Use "free" to check the swap size. Linux supports up to 16 swap partitions, with each swap partition up to 128 MB. When there is no idle partition, you can use a large file to create it.
　　
The following are a series of commands:
# Dd if =/dev/zero of = swapfile bs = 1024 count = 8192
# Mkswap swapfile 8192
# Sync
# Swapon swapfile
　　
10. Clever Use of the Tab key
You know that when you enter commands on the Linux character interface, you sometimes need to enter many characters. It is cumbersome to input characters one by one. Assuming that the entered characters are sufficient to determine the next unique file in the directory, we only need to press the Tab key on the disk to automatically complete the remaining parts of the file name, for example, to unpack the ddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz file under the directory/ccc, when we type tar xvfz/ccc/d in the command line, if the file is the only file starting with d in the directory, you can directly press the Tab key on the keyboard, the command will be automatically filled with: tar xvfz/ccc/ddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz, this improves the input efficiency.
　　
11. Copying and pasting are used to increase the operation speed.
After Linux is installed, a program named gpm is automatically run every time the character interface is started. After the program runs, you can copy and paste it with your mouse. The specific method is to press and hold the left mouse button to highlight the area to be copied. The highlighted area has been copied, right-click the copied content and paste it at the cursor position. If we run the Linux System in Xwindow, the copy and paste operations are the same as those in the normal Win9x system.
　　
12. Speed up reading
Perform some settings in Linux to enable Linux to work in 32-bit input/output mode and DMA channel mode. When setting, enter the command/sbin/hdparm-cl/dev/hda in the Linux Command interface to enable the 32bit transmission mode, run/sbin/hdparm-dl/dev/hda to enable the DMA transmission mode, then enter the command/sbin/hdparm-kl/dev/hda to keep the above settings after Reset, we can increase the speed of reading disks in Linux to more than doubled.