14.1-Full Stack Java notes: The GUI in the Java language in the end is God horse ghost? | AWT | Swing

So far, what we've written in Java is basically a console-based program, and one of the main reasons why the Java programming language is so popular is that it supports graphical user interface functionality, the GUI (graphical user Interface).

The GUI (graphical user Interface) is the graphical UI, which is the graphical interface that the application provides to our users, including Windows, menus, toolbars, and other graphical interface elements such as text boxes, buttons, list boxes, dialog boxes, and more. It can make the application look more friendly.

Learning Java GUI programming is mainly to master two packages, namely: java.awt, javax.swing package, we abbreviated it as AWT and swing, these two packages contain the GUI programming need to use the rich class library.

With the limited number of components in the AWT (abstract window Toolkit, Abstraction Windows Toolkit) and the inability to implement all the functions required for GUI programming, swing was created as an awt extension. Not only does swing provide all the functionality that AWT can provide, but it also expands the functionality of AWT with pure Java code, so swing can meet all the requirements of GUI programming, and this chapter will be about Swing's basic space and layout manager.

We need to note that there is also a sub-package that we often use in the java.awt package: Java.awt.event, which provides interfaces and classes for handling the various events that are fired by the AWT components, which we will explain in detail in the next chapter.

We hope that after the content of this chapter to learn, you can do the following points:

1. Understanding GUI programming and AWT packages and their components

2. Understanding the difference between AWT and swing

3, master the commonly used controls

4. Understanding Java Common Layout Manager

5. Write Java graphical applications using simple swing controls

Veteran advice:

The Java language itself is not good at developing desktop programs, so there are very few uses of AWT and swing at work. However, as a basic technology in Java, beginners need to understand a little bit of basic knowledge.

About AWT

The implementation of GUI programming is done by a series of graphical components, which are called controls;

In earlier versions of Java, GUI controls were provided by a standard library called AWT.

In addition to GUI components, AWT also includes other functions to support image painting, processing of cut/Copy type data transfer, and other related operations.

The java.awt package is a Java built-in package that is part of the Java Basic Class library (JFC), which includes the following:

1. A rich set of interface components that facilitate user input.

2. Place the component in the appropriate location in several layout managers.

3. Event-handling model.

4. Graphics and image tools, and more.

5. To use the classes in the package, you must explicitly declare the following statement: Import java.awt.*;

As shown in 1, the architecture diagram for the control class in the java.awt package. As we can see, the parent class of the control class is component, and its direct or indirect subclasses have controls that we are familiar with in the graphical interface, such as Frame (window), button (buttons), label (label), checkbox (check box), TextArea (multiline text box) , TextField (Single-line text box), and so on.

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About Swing

Swing is a lightweight component developed on the AWT basis, which not only improves the user interface but also requires less system resources than AWT. Swing is a pure Java component that allows all applications to behave the same as the native appearance when running on different platforms.

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The Javax.swing package contains a series of swing controls that, if you want to use the classes in the package, must explicitly declare the following statement: Import javax.swing.*;

As shown in 2, the architecture diagram for the control class in the Javax.swing package. As we can see, most of the controls under the package inherit from the controls in the java.awt package, such as: JFrame's parent class is frame,jcomponent component, and so on.

The following section explains the code examples for classes and controls that are commonly used in swing programs.

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14.1-Full Stack Java notes: The GUI in the Java language in the end is God horse ghost? | AWT | Swing