20165323 preparatory work 3 Linux installation and learning

One, Linux installation

First I downloaded the VirtualBox 5.2.6 and Ubuntu 16.04.3 according to the steps the teacher gave me. There is a simple process download, but there are still some problems in the process of downloading.

1, VirtualBox can only install 32-bit system

After Baidu search to find a solution to the problem, you need to boot to the BIOS set a bit, turn on the CPU virtualization. The specific steps are "solve the problem of VirtualBox only 32-bit system Installation"

2, according to the teacher's link to download Ubuntu can not open

No reason is found, but it will open normally after re-downloading through other channels.

Second, the Linux Command Learning Experiment two basic concepts and operation one, desktop environment

Client-side functionality of the desktop environment Kde,gnome,xfce,lxde.
Use of the Linux desktop environment

Second, the Linux terminal

1, the terminal essentially corresponds to the/dev/tty device on Linux
2, Shell. The common Shell is bash, zsh, Ksh, CSH, and so on, Ubuntu terminal uses bash by default, the default desktop environment is GNOME or Unity (based on GNOME), but our environment is used in zsh and Xfce respectively.
3. Important Shortcut keys
Tab to complete command completion
Ctrl + C forcibly terminates the current program
ctrl+d Keyboard input end or exit terminal
ctrl+s Pause the current program, pause and press any key to resume running
Ctrl + Z put the current program in the background to run, restore to the foreground for command FG
Ctrl + A moves the cursor to the input outfit, which is equivalent to the home key
ctrl+e moves the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the END key
ctrl+k Delete from the cursor position to the end of the line
4. Wildcard characters
* Match 0 or more characters;
？ Match any one character;
[List] matches any single character in the list;
[!list] matches any single character except the list unexpectedly;
[C1-C2] matches any single character in C1 to C2;
{String1,string2} matches one of the strings;
{C1.. C2} matches all characters from C1 to C2.
5. Operation effect

Experiment three user and file Rights Management one, Linux user management

1. View users: Who am I or who mom likes
2. Create User: sudo adduser user name
3. Switch login User: Su-l user name
4. See which user groups you belong to: Groups user name
5. Delete User: sudo deluser user name--remove-home

Second, Linux file permissions

1. View File permissions: Ls-l
2. Create a new blank file: Touch file name
3. Change file owner: sudo chown Shiyanlou iphone6
4. Modify file Permissions: chmod change file permissions, binary numeric representation, and add and subtract assignment operations.
5. Operation effect

Experiment four Linux directory structure and file basic operation

1, FHS Standard, two-level specification,/below each directory should put what file data, for the/usr and/var of the two directories to define the subdirectory.
2. Go to the top level directory: CD.
3. Go to your home directory: cd ~
4. Use PWD to get the current path
5, Absolute path: the root "/" directory as the starting point of the full path to the directory you want to end
6, relative path: in the current directory. As the starting point, to the end of the directory you want to go to
7. New Blank directory: mkdir directory name
8, copy the file: CP Plus-R or-r file name copied to the location
9. Delete File: RM filename Delete directory: RM plus-R or-R directory name
10. Moving files: MV Source directory file destination directory; File rename: mv old filename New file name
11. viewing files: Viewing files using the CAT,TAC and NL commands, paging through files using the more and less commands
12. Operation Effect

Experiment five environment variables and file search

1. Create variable: Declare variable name (can be omitted) assign a value to a variable using the = sign
2. Read the value of a variable using the echo command and the $ symbol
3. Commands related to environment variables: set,env,export
4. Make the environment variable effective immediately: source
5. Search for files: search-related commands commonly used are whereis,which,find and locate
6, the operation: The command is: locate/etc/*.list

Challenge one: Find files

Lab six file Package and decompression

1. Commonly used compressed file command: Zip,rar,tar
2, Zip compression:-r means that the recursive package contains all the contents of subdirectories,-Q parameters are quiet mode,-o indicates the output file name. Use the unzip command to decompress.
3. View the size of the file after packaging: Du command
RAR 4: A Add a directory ~ to an archive file, if the file does not exist, it will be automatically created. d Delete a file from the specified compressed package, l only see the decompression. Unzip with Unrar.
5, Tar Packaging tool:-C means to create a tar package file,-F to specify the file name created,-X unpack a file, to the specified path of the existing directory (-c parameter), view only the package file-T parameter

Lab seven file system operations vs. Disk Management

1, use the DF command to see the capacity of the disk (plus-H to understand the way;-d parameter specifies the depth of the view directory;-a displays the size of all files in the directory)
2. Use the du command to view the capacity of the directory (same as previous command)
3, DD command to create a virtual image file (if: input file; of: Output file; BS: Used to specify the block size such as ' K ', ' M ', ' G ' and other units; count: Used to specify the number of blocks)
4. Format the disk with the MKFS command
5. Use Fdisk to partition the disk
6. Operation Effect

The help command under experiment eight Linux

1. The built-in command is actually part of the shell program, which is identified by the shell program and runs inside the shell program, which resides in system memory when loaded
2. External command is a utility part of a Linux system that is not loaded into memory with the system when it is loaded and is not included in the shell
3. Help command: Help,man,info
The help command is a brief aid for displaying the shell's built-in commands, and an external command basically has a parameter--help
Man gets more detail than help, and man has no distinction between built-in and external commands
Info gets more content than man, and the info tool can display more complete GNU tool information than man

20165323 preparatory work 3 Linux installation and learning