2017-9-19linux basic Knowledge (2)

2017-9-19linux Basic Knowledge

• First, the advanced history of the operating system

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  • 1. Single-user single task

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  • 2. Batch Processing

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  • 3, multi-user multi-tasking

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  • 4, the Birth of Unix

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  • 5, the birth of Linux

First, the advanced history of the operating system 1, single-user single task

In the last chapter, the previous operating system was a single-user single task, that is, you can only run one task at a time, wait long, and you have no way to handle the next task after the task has gone wrong, even if the task processing is complete, you have to manually handle the next task.

2. Batch Processing

Later, the rise of batch processing, it is the advantage of the user automatically manually handle the next task, but you need to plan a first processing or b processing finished, such as: I first let a task finish, in order to finish the B task, will run the program placed on the tape drive, according to a certain delimiter separated, run in sequence , roughly for this:

aaaa$$ $BBBB

In this case a processing will automatically handle the B task, the advantage is that the computer is basically one go, but this is a single task, even when running other tasks can not be processed, then need a multi-user multi-tasking system.

3, multi-user multi-tasking

In the case of awaited shit, the United States formed three teams: Bell Bell Labs, MIT (MIT) and GE (General Electric) developed a multi-user multitasking operating system Multics , initially with confidence, but the harder it gets to the back, Because they lost the way the operating system was designed and what it was used for; soon, Bell and GE gave up on the plan, three teams scattered, and one in support, said to be successful, but admittedly, the operating system provides a very good idea for future Unix.

4, the Birth of Unix

Bell was involved in Multics hired a large number of engineers, including a person named Ken Thompson, he is a member of the invention of the Multics project, but also for the platform to develop a game called space travel, But Bell has withdrawn from the project, so the game can not be run on the Multics platform, but he wanted to play the game, so he wanted to apply to the leadership of a computer development game, of course, the leadership did not approve, then the computer industry has a certain size, but the money is relatively expensive, Frustrated he walked in the laboratory found a PDP-7, although the model is somewhat old, but can be used, so he began to write for the game to run the platform, however, PDP-7 can only support two users, one of whom joked that this is a "UNICs" after the call Unix , that year they were completed in 1970, so they call it the first unux.
After he had finished, he could play his space war, so his colleagues would come to see the game, but his colleagues had no interest in his game, but interested in his operating system, because the operating system was very short and strong, and in 1972, the Bell Labs reached 10 units, The 10 units of the year are re-written in assembly language, unlike the current high-level language, for example, Intel's chip architecture and Moto chip architecture is certainly not the same, because there are many differences in thinking and architecture.
Ideas can be deferred, but the architecture needs to be rewritten, each PC using a different architecture, it is necessary to re-use the architecture of the assembly to write this program, and then through the assembler compiled into the platform's machine language to run, this is a very troublesome thing, so Ken's Meanwhile, Dennis Ritch adds a lot of functionality to the Assembler B language so that it does not have to be rewritten on different architectures, and it can be compiled with the platform editor, which reduces the need for manual participation. This language is the C language we are now familiar with.
In 1974, in the Journal of Computer Communications, the article on Unix operating systems in C was published, and this was the first time it was made public, and soon the fire started, when Bell Labs belonged to the company, which operated only telephone or telegraph products because of antitrust laws. UNIX could not be used as a commercial product for resale, so many companies and academics wanted to study the UNIX, so Ken did not have to work, only to copy the system to them, and some words called "Love Ken".
By the year 1979, Unix has gone through the seventh version, which is probably the last version of it, and its strength is that they came back by asking Ken to ask for Unix, before Ken paid a year off, went to Berkeley to teach this team to study Unix undoubtedly added a great help, So the Unix branch came out, called BSD, when the team leader of Unix was Bill Joy.
In 1980, DARPA created the TCP/IP protocol fully implemented in BSD, 1983, formally used in BSD, thus playing a huge role in the network.
In 1980, Microsoft was established, then also used UNIX, but changed the name of Xenix, three people created together, then in 1981 from someone bought DOS after a little processing became MS-DOS, then sold to IBM and some other manufacturers, so that the price of the PC to lower, to make a lot of money.
The first thing to do when Bell Labs is out of the business is to change the operating system to a fee, and the BSD lawsuit, even though the BSD code retains the UNIX code of less than 20%, which is a dozen years old.
In 1985, there was a man who thought the software was free and open, and this guy, Richard Stallman, was very aggressive, and he proposed a GNU program, meaning: GNU is not Unix. Two protocols are derived, one of which is the GPL, and many programs declare the GPL to be included, but its program software runs on the UNIX kernel, which is particularly embarrassing, and the deal seems to be deadlocked.
In 1987, a university teacher Andrew Professor of Unix invented a kernel named Minux, a total of 4000 + lines of code, because the UNIX operating system as a business, whether in the education industry or other industries have to pay a large sum of money to use, so this teacher developed the system, At first it was used for educational lectures, and some people asked if they could improve the minux and make some contributions, but he refused.

5, the birth of Linux

In a particularly embarrassing situation, in September 1991, a university student named Linus published his kernel based on the POSIX standard, which was originally called Freax, which hackers could download and modify, making the kernel more powerful, and later called Linux. In October, Linux was formally established and joined the GNU Open Source Agreement.

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2017-9-19linux basic Knowledge (2)