23rd book: "Chess and Life"

23rd book: "Chess and Life"

Personally like to play chess, bridge, as a programmer, has always wanted to write a Chinese chess engine, so very early attention to this book. Life, such as chess, need to make a lot of decisions and choices in life, chess, such as life, there are similar to youth, middle-aged and old age start, middlegame and the endgame. The book, which is rated 8.6 on the watercress, is also Kasparov's autobiography, but actually tells the thinking process of how Kasparov self-awareness and challenges, how to challenge himself and others, and how to make the best decision.

Seeing this decision-making process reminds me of a book I read before, "How We Decide", which only tells a chapter of the decision-making process of chess game.

The author has always been the champion of chess and is at the highest peak in this field, so he needs constant self-study . And as ordinary people, how to lead the way to the master? Not only in chess, but in other areas as well.

We must understand our own decision-making process and improve our intuition through constant practice, an unconscious effect.

Chapter 1 Lessons

The 21-year-old Kasparov a deep lesson in the battle with chess world champion Karpov 48 Chess: The first time to really dissect yourself instead of just relying on intuition to make judgments.

"I was able to identify my mistakes, understand why they were wrong, and know how best to avoid them, and how to improve the decision-making process itself." ”

At the age of 22, Kasparov won the title of the world Championship and maintained it for 15 years.

To combine knowledge, experience and talent to achieve the best results, self-analysis is critical.

2 Life as Chess

Now the chess engine mainly uses the comprehensive search + evaluation method, since we have already understood that the comprehensive search method cannot make this old game to reach the higher level, then we need to return to the head to see Mikhail Bautwinik about teaches the computer to imitate human thought some ideas.

"Machine Game inspiration" is now the AI machine game is still the search and evaluation methods of the world, after all, the current computer is good at Fast digital computing, the computer can not be like a human first set a strategic goal, and then in every move to continue to implement it. If in the future the computer can express these game knowledge quickly, perhaps this machine game domain can produce the qualitative leap.

3 strategy

A bad plan is better than no plan, it's an old chess proverb. Every move, every reaction, every decision must be combined with a thorough understanding of the plan.

"Life thinking" analogy to life only to find that no plan is how horrible, at the age of 40 began to think "I did what a few things can not regret to leave the world" problem, only to find that they have not planned, even a bad annual plan is not. After GTD, I slowly had a little plan, and no plan for more than 1 years, but it was a bad annual plan that was better than no plan, and when you were in the annual review, you were able to clearly find out what took a lot of time to chase is probably not what you wanted, and the real idea behind what you were chasing was money, What actions are moving in the direction of your goal.

"Machine game inspired" computer chess engine should be like this, to have a certain plan, the programming of the people to give it a battle plan, according to the engine's calculation characteristics, is the choice of a fierce start, or choose a sound start, is to make the situation into a fierce fight, or pay attention to the development of a balanced, if the engine has a comprehensive mess The advantages of being able to steer their own engines are likely to be considered by high-level engines.

In Fast chess (the author's quick chess refers to each party 25 minutes of the lump sum time system), fast calculation and intuition is the most important, careful planning and strategic objectives are secondary or even can be ignored.

Focus only on whether the next step is optimal for you, and the chess you are walking cannot serve the ultimate goal.

Strategies must be developed first before they can be followed.

"The inspiration of Machine game" can the Chess engine set a long-term goal?

"Life thinking" also talks about long-term goals, and if you know your long-term goals, then every decision is not necessarily optimal.

To set an intermediate target for one.

"Machine game inspired" chess engine is constantly to assess the situation to score, for it to achieve the leading point is always the goal, if it can calculate the advantage after 20 steps, it is possible to abandon the son.

"Thinking in Life" has a 3-5-year goal, 1-year goal, quarterly or even monthly goal under the long-term goal, should these goals not be so thin?

It is not a feasible strategy to expect the opponent to make mistakes in the game.

"The inspiration of Machine game" is not a feasible strategy to expect the opponent's engine to be flawed in the opening, not to judge the length, and this strategy can only defeat some low-level engines. To improve the engine level, there must be fast and accurate calculations and evaluations, and the search and evaluation algorithms must be constantly optimized.

It sounds easy to stick to your plan when it's about to win, but at this point it's easy for players to become overly confident and be saved by their opponents.

"Thinking in life" is the case of being dazzled by victory.

Tigran Petro's defense was excellent, and his strategy was to find an opponent's chance and then dismiss it. It is only when the situation is impeccable that he begins to look for his own opportunity. Few people can imitate his kind of patient defensive type Chifeng. Sometimes, the best defense is the best offense.

"Machine game inspired" Chess engine evaluation of a large number of situations, should be robust, or offensive type?

You have to understand your limits, and you must understand your strengths.

It's not easy to think about your own strengths and weaknesses in "life thinking". Find time to read this book, "Now, find your advantage."

Failure to adapt to change can have dire consequences, but frequent change of strategy is tantamount to no strategy.

We must know what questions to ask and keep asking questions. Has the condition changed? Does the strategy need to change or does it require minor adjustments? Does the underlying goal change for some reason? Don't change for the sake of change.

We must also avoid losing our strategic direction because of competition.

"Action" puts the above remarks in Evernote's retrospective notes, thinking about these issues during the monthly Review and annual review.

Stop and ask, "Why do you want to go this way?" before taking every move and making every decision. What do I want to achieve? How can this move help me achieve my goal? ”

Questioning yourself has to be a habit, a habit that overcomes overconfidence and frustration.

"Action" puts these words in Evernote's retrospective notes, thinking about them in a monthly review and an annual review. When doing something, stop at some point and ask yourself, "Why do I do this?" What do I want to get to? How did this help me achieve my goal? ”

4 Strategy and tactics

Tactics means that when there is a time to know how to do it, the strategy is when there is nothing to know how to do it. ----Tata Kerviel

The strategy is abstract and based on long-term goals. Tactics are specific, starting with the immediate discovery of the best moves. The content of tactics is the threat and defense, conditional and opportune. If the tactical opportunities are not used in a timely manner, the game will certainly develop in a disadvantageous direction.

What do we do when there's nothing left to do? The goal at this point is to improve the situation, we must avoid creating weaknesses, find some subtle ways to improve the subtle thinking, but never stop thinking. A long-term move to gain one small advantage over another, but it appears as if no real action has been taken. Real strategists can find ways to strengthen the situation and prepare for the inevitable conflict. Don't forget that the conflict is inevitable.

Strategic guidance tactics. If the strategy represents the result, tactics is the method.

Are our tactics or daily decisions based on our long-term goals? The flow of information can obscure strategies and overwhelm them with details, numbers, calculations and analyses, responses and tactics. To form a powerful tactic, we must have a strong strategy on one hand and an accurate calculation on the other. These two aspects need to be visionary.

"Life thinking" strategy should correspond to the long-term goal, in GTD need to review from 6 heights to constantly think and strengthen, tactics are corresponding to one of the GTD project and action.

5 calculation

Descending law: After a certain degree of search, the law of diminishing starts to take effect, even if more time and energy is invested, it can only get more and more blurred results.

If you don't understand what you're seeing, it's no use to move forward as much as you can.

"The inspiration of machine game" according to the search theory of artificial intelligence, if can search to finally be dead in the state, then will get to the current situation of accurate judgment, but this depth of search is too deep, the current algorithm and computer ability is not up to (if not pruning, calculate 5 layer is very difficult, a situation usually has 40 kinds of moves, the 5th level will be evaluated 40*40*40*40*40=1 billion situation). The evaluation of the situation in the chess engine if not accurate, then the search is not very useful, between the search and evaluation to achieve a certain balance.

Kasparov will typically choose between two or three candidate moves to think about, and the search for layer 8-10 (ply) is a more appropriate depth.

"The inspiration of machine game" seems to improve the ability of evaluation and pruning, the improvement of the level of chess engine should be more helpful, if each layer only evaluates 4 candidates, that 10 layer is 4^10=1 million situation.

We often assume that something is obvious, and thus rush to respond and incur a blunder.

The "Machine game inspired" program does not make this mistake, it gets a situation, no matter how much simple, also according to the procedures set by the process to assess, not affected by psychological factors, evaluation is not allowed to be another thing.

6 talent

If there is no opportunity to show talent in the early years, this opportunity can be created as adults. To this end, we need to experiment in various fields, to try to exert their ability.

"Thinking in life" needs to constantly try new areas, new things, and challenge yourself.

Chess Grand Master's memory is not very strong, give them a set of random situation, they also can't remember too much. But for some meaningful situations, they can remember many, in the memory theory these are called patterns (pattern), called "blocks"in psychologists. This is the same as the idea in the Championship memory technique.

Do we review our performance at the end of each day? What have we seen? What have you learned? Did you observe or experience the new things that should be recorded? Do we recognize this situation, opportunity, or pattern? Will it happen again or appear?

"Life thinking" my day provinces. How powerful would it be to think about it before you go to bed?

Develop an imaginative habit: you can really find the key only when you think of it as a habit, and the "Don't Walk the Road" thinking occupies an important position in the brain.

Every day we make many decisions, and every decision is a good chance to inspire fantasy. Only by daring to try new ways that have not been tried can you find a new way to solve the problem.

"Thinking in life" when making a decision, think of some unusual solutions.

7 Preparation

Kasparov's preparations for the opening include: Research, innovation, memory. Opening system is not only imitation, but also the road of innovation.

"The inspiration of Machine game" for the computer engine, it is necessary to support the opening library, improve the quality of the opening. These openings, after all, are the stereotypes that have been precipitated by countless moves in history. Studying these openings means understanding its deeper changes; innovation makes computers search deeper, as long as there is a deeper and more complex change, and the opportunity to gain advantage is optional; there is no problem remembering a small number of openings, what happens if you use today's cloud computing technology to remember the terabytes of the start?

Perseverance will eventually bring rewards, even if the return is not a pole see shadow and within reach. Try to make people gain knowledge, and knowledge never wastes. The harder you work, the more opportunities you have. Stick to your daily habits.

Despite the withdrawal of professional people, but I still adhere to their daily habits, adhere to the rules of life, as long as not to destroy their own arrangements, I will have a high motivation.

The ethical standard of diligence does not mean being a workaholic, but rather recognizing the importance of hard work and putting it into action.

"Life thinking" original old card also has a strong time management ability, can effectively use time.

Chapter 8 sub-force, time, quality

What bad habits did we develop in the decision-making process? What steps have we skipped and which ones have been overemphasized? Do our bad decisions come from wrong information, inappropriate estimates, incorrect calculations, or both?

The cornerstone of the assessment is material, which is the child force in chess.

When it comes to seeing a situation, it is much better to evaluate the whole situation than to think about the best way to go, but to take the law on the surface, to understand and comprehend the truth behind it is the first thing.

"The inspiration of Machine game" Chinese Chess engine evaluation is also a pair of force rating, if the car is 10 points, then the horse and cannon for 5 points, and the Elephant 2 points, soldiers for 1 points, of course, different stages and different circumstances these scores are varied, detailed can see: " Chinese Chess and chess Comparative study-the value of the son force ".

In chess there are two kinds of time, one is familiar with the clock surface time, the other is the disk time, to step units, black and white both sides take turns moves, each step. How many moves do you need to walk from one to the other? How many steps will it take to threaten each other's king? Can I achieve this goal before my opponent?

White chess is a huge advantage, especially for top players.

In the open situation, the value of one-step chess is much larger than the value in the closed situation, because it is more lethal. If the situation is closed, the total (offensive) activities are few, the pursuit of speed is not so urgent.

"The inspiration of Machine game" Chinese chess This concept is not too obvious, the list of hand-gun layout of the most tight disk time factor, each step is very compact, a little careless, will fall into the wind, Shun gun class also to be compact, and other layout may be considered closed opening.

The position of the force is as important as the number of its forces.

The "Heuristic of Machine Game" assessment has an open factor, and the location of the position affects how much of the lattice it attacks.

If you have a bad elephant, you should try to activate it, make it look like, if not, try to swap it out and clear it.

Now advanced chess software has been used to calculate the value of floating force, rather than fixed value.

"Game inspiration" in the computer game still give it a score, if the identification of this is a bad image, you need to dynamically change its score, so through the search, the program will consider to swap it out. Now the Chess software is a dynamic change in the score. Consider only the three factors of sub-force, time and quality in the evaluation function.

9 Switching and imbalance

In chess, imbalance means that there is a difference in quantity and quality between your opponent's have. Imbalance always exists, even if the child force is completely symmetrical, turn to who moves will also occupy an advantage in time, thus breaking the balance.

Proper evaluation means finding an advantage or seeking compensation for a disadvantage, which is not unconditional, and the disadvantage may not be hopeless. Each move will have a negative impact while having a positive impact.

If an asset is almost worthless and unlikely to change, you'd better get rid of it before you can. Ordinary investors tend to cling to the fall of the stock does not let go until the bottom, fantasy as long as they have not sold the stock, there is no loss, this wrong view is tantamount to suicide.

"Thinking of Life" read at this time think of 2 years ago, a stock that was trapped, although not much, but the psychological really so, always thought that no sell, there is no loss. If you borrow money to fry, you really have to kill yourself. We have to find a suitable time to deal with the stock.

The first law of thermodynamics: the total energy in the system is constant, that is, if the transfer of energy to another region is bound to lose an equal amount of energy in the region.

Chess emphasizes the coordination of the layout, the sub-force to support each other, out of the son to be consistent with the strategic objectives. Imbalances are unavoidable, but you can try to reconcile them.

The second law of thermodynamics, which contains the concept of entropy, points out that the efficiency of energy exchange cannot reach 100%, and that there is inevitably energy loss in the exchange process unless there is external energy entering the system.

There are various imbalances in our lives, and we have to keep trying to develop them in a good way, and gaining control means finding the best balance and exchanging them in a positive way. Life is not static, it is impossible to maintain the so-called "perfect balance". Although the time can not be static, but we can stop, temporarily do not think about what to do next, but calmly thinking about our strengths and shortcomings. We can create our own energy and quality through a favorable transformation. What do you care? Three Laws of thermodynamics.

10 Innovation

Is there any other way to do it? Define your goals first, then consider ways to accept new ideas and try different ways of doing things.

Almost every great invention is a product of the combination of knowledge, hard work and systematic thinking.

Gigo principle (garbage in, garbage out), go in is rubbish, come out is also rubbish. The results of the experiment depend on the quality of the data used and the problems raised in the data. Sometimes it is more important to ask a reasonable question than to solve a problem.

To make a big impact, you must always be at the forefront. It is impossible for a follower to suddenly turn into a leader, because only a leader can see the trend.

Although creativity is risky ("pioneers are always covered with scars"), it is more dangerous not to innovate.

The only way to survive is to climb higher on the pyramid of competition. Never stay at the bottom of the pyramid, where the competition is too fierce.

Now Google can easily use, immediately get the answer will make our brains atrophy?

Although we still need strong intuition and reasoning to make good chess, the way we play chess has begun to become more and more like computers.

The bad result is also the result.

I didn't fail, but I found 10,000 ways to do it.

Getting ahead at a strategic level means being at a higher cost, especially if these creative foundations are weak or not strong enough to withstand backlash.

To be and always be an innovator, the first thing to know is the change and progress that happens around us.

"Thinking in life" wants to get some innovation in a certain area to pay a higher price, the innovation here is not referring to the research project to the conclusion of the summary of Innovation:-( Innovation may die, and innovation may die even worse. If you want to innovate, you need to get accurate and high-quality information, keep up with the forefront of the field, do a lot of experiments, it could be 10,000 failed trials, in the course of the trial also actively to start the brain, to think of different methods. At this time, I think of the "value of making mistakes" in Ted, and think of the education of the children, and sometimes it is too early to point out the mistakes that children make when they do the problem, will it always affect her in-depth understanding of this question? It seems that these erroneous attempts are absolutely necessary.

11 Stage of the game

If we first know where we are and where we are going, we will be better able to decide what to do and how to do it. ----Lincoln

"Life thinking" seems to be the ultimate philosophical question of life in that year, where did you come from? Where do you want to go?

The purpose of the opening is not merely to go through the motions, but to transfer them. It will establish the type of battle of the future, and it is the earliest and best opportunity to bring the game into its area of expertise.

"The inspiration of Machine game" can set up a more targeted opening, such as the column gun class, the depth of the game library to calculate deeper, into the opponent is not good at the game type. Of course, your MTQ (material, time, and quality) evaluations have an advantage over other engines.

"Action" Check SWOT: Advantage strengths, disadvantage weaknesses, opportunity opportunities and threat threats.

It's a misleading way for players to spend a lot of time remembering their favorite start-up routines, and this rote approach limits the player's development. Although it is a spectrum, it does not mean that you can mechanically, rote memorization does not mean a thorough understanding. It's important to understand the reasons behind every move.
The idea of "thinking" points to the problem of my learning chess, sometimes with a curt record of some opening changes, but found that the application is always not the same, it is not in depth to understand the complex changes.

Middlegame is the stage of battle and it is crucial to compete for initiative.

Put your eyes on the long-term, not just the initial results of the decision.

Many players rely heavily on what they are good at, which limits their growth and eventual success, so they must find prejudice and try to eliminate it.

The start should be like a book, the next middlegame should be like a magician, and the next mess should be like a machine. ----Rudolph Spearman

12 decision-making process

We make decisions every single day, and we need to be clear about whether these ongoing decisions are conducive to achieving big goals and adapting to our blueprint.

We focus only on the quality of decisions that affect our own lives or, at best, the lives of our family and friends.

The decision to "think in life" is based on intuition, not the complexity of the decision-making process.

Ask questions about everything.

Flexibility is the first and must be done to make you win, it is impossible to win every game with a violent offensive, if the situation requires, you must prepare for the boring mess.

In a given situation, there are sometimes five to six reasonable possible moves, and in general there will be two or three reasonable possible moves.

Restart the search calculation to lose a lot of time, when the time is tense, it will lead to two relatively but equally destructive decision-making types: 1) casually choose an already analyzed, after all, we have learned the most clearly. 2) rush to choose a new one that has not yet been thoroughly studied. That means discarding all of our analysis at the last second and choosing a method that has not been investigated.
"Think" the two decision-making methods are indeed in the chess game I have encountered, the first decision to hope that the opponent does not see a change, the second basically led to the emergence of defeat.
If you're sloppy, be sure to narrow down your choices from the start and pick out a set of alternatives to evaluate. Both of these situations need to take more time, at least enough to make you adapt to the choices you make and develop a more balanced style.

If making a decision right now is no good, and it's not going to hurt to make a decision later, use time to gather more information and explore more choices to improve your assessment.

"Life thinking" in some meetings, sometimes do not need to make a statement based on intuition, since there is time, then collect some information to analyze and then make decisions.

The vitality of life is not only manifested in the ability to persist, but also in the courage to dare to start again. ----F. Scott Fitzgerald

13 Advantages of the attackers

Factors that play a role in chess may not be applicable elsewhere.

"Life thinking" here refers to the offense, in life is too offensive is not good, so should play chess in the attack and life in the enterprise analogy.

What we really care about is how to build a system to control the enterprise so that we can do it better.

Initiative means vitality, innovation, exaltation, courage, risk-taking and willingness to act.

The "double-weakness principle": it is almost impossible to beat a strong opponent by just one point of attack, and pressure must be exerted to create more weaknesses.

Threats are more powerful than eating children.

The resources required for a successful attack are three times times the size of the defense.

Small advantage or subtle lead distance victory has still a big leap forward.

Whatever you can do or what you think you can do, start doing it. Because guts can make people have magic, power and talent. ----Goethe

"The most important factor in offense is the willingness to attack." If you do not have the courage to apply the planning and theory skills to the reality, and in time to seize the opportunity, then the planning and evaluation skills can only be an armchair.

"Life thinking" once again refers to the importance of action, how well-planned no action is empty.

Third article 14 Questioning success

Success is the enemy of success. Success and satisfaction are our goals on the one hand, but on the other we have a negative impact on our behavior, which prevents us from getting more success and satisfaction, and may even lead to catastrophic failure at some point in time.

"Thinking in Life" Kasparov became a world champion at the age of 22, and could be said to have achieved a lifelong goal, without which it would be difficult to maintain a 15-year championship.

As a result of overconfidence and complacency, the old card also lost to his former students.

We should have the habit of improving when things go well, otherwise, we will stop and eventually have problems.

We need to motivate ourselves, to set our own indicators, and strive to improve. On the one hand we must be confident and feel that we are the best. On the other hand we have to keep trying, as if we were a weak person. This seems paradoxical.

The key to complacency is finding ways to stay focused and aggressive.

Before we act, we must know our goals.

To know is not enough, we must practice, the longing is useless, we must act. ----Goethe

"Thinking in life" here is still about the goals and actions, to list the things that can motivate us, what is important to us, to write on paper, or even to draw out, it really helps us.

Finding and correcting mistakes should be our talisman. But it is more difficult to focus on the mistakes of success. We should be wary of "analysis by results" error. The winner won the victory, but his every move is not necessarily good. Treat criticism as a challenge rather than an insult.

Companies that are blind to user demand are doomed to fail.

"Thinking of life" is that what we are talking about now? A little insensitive to the needs of users, just perfunctory.

Success is not the end, the failure is not the end, only the courage is eternal. ----Churchill

15 Internal Competition

After losing to Kramnik in London, I spent countless days and nights figuring out why he was winning.

"Life thinking" lost a game, it took countless days and nights to analyze, this attitude is difficult to win.

The power of positive mentality. Our confidence is reflected in our manners and our conversation, not only in what we say, but also in what we say.

We must always aim to do our best and admit that we do not do what we can to be a real failure.

Our best "cover-up" approach is to focus on our quality, always prepared and accomplished.

"Life thinking" outside the temptation too much, want to meditate and focus on the action is really difficult.

Psychological studies have shown that the mind may indeed control the substance.

"Life thinking" before you see a film, "The Secret of what you want to do", strong psychological hints will guide your actions, although some doubts, but there is some truth, try to draw a dream map, to the end of the year to see what effect.

The burden of responsibility is too little to be much worse.

Psychology, like physical and mental, is degraded by lack of use. If you have not experienced the tension and excitement of trying new and unknown things for a long time, perhaps it is because you have been avoiding them. We need occasional changes and good pressure to maintain our defenses against injury.

"Life thinking" before the computer technology has a strong interest in learning, and later learned the importance of physical exercise, now just heard that the original psychological also need certain exercise.

Tomorrow will always be a new day.

16 men, women, Computers

The willingness to be in the person who knows how to confront us requires strong perseverance and full confidence. We must believe that we have the ability to use opponents to strengthen ourselves and to obtain more comprehensive information.

Not just dictators or tyrants, but politicians and CEOs tend to attract and find people who are similar to their own.

"Life thinking" if their mental exercise is not strong enough, or should be reduced with negative energy too many people contact as wonderful.

If we can learn to accept criticism and negative information, we can also learn to adopt new methods.

Is greatness born, or is it cultivated?

"Thinking in life" the success of Polgar three sisters proves that nurture should be the main factor.

Why are women Grand masters few? Few women have the strength to be a top player.

In the Advanced Chess competition (that is, people and computers together, the use of strong logical thinking, the computer's powerful search and evaluation ability of the game), the ultimate winner is the use of three computers at the same time two American amateur chess player. A team of co-ordinated teams can overcome the enemy who has a number of advantages but lacks an effective organization.

"Life thinking" is good at using tools to fully explore the potential of the tool, as well as to receive good results.

Keep trying to avoid our comfort zone. We cling to what we know and don't want to find a better way.

When we often challenge ourselves with new things, we exercise the "muscle" of cognition and emotion, making us more efficient in all aspects.

"Life thinking" we see things that have not been touched before have fear emotions, this 2 days challenging a few hours of keynote and Flash animation.

Our greatest ability is to absorb and synthesize various patterns, methods and information. Focusing on narrow areas to deliberately suppress this ability is not only a sin, it does not bring any benefits.

"Life thinking" or that sentence, always think of leaving their comfort zone, challenging something new.

17 Global

Important things rarely appear on the calendar.

As information flows to us, beyond our absorptive capacity, we are overwhelmed by these growing messages.

"Life thinking" important but not urgent things will not appear on the calendar, you need to the big project, the big goal of decomposition, decomposition, the small action on the schedule or action list, so as to move towards your goal. Living in a world where the Internet is ubiquitous, learn not to be overwhelmed by the influx of big data.

When the problem occurs, we rush to solve the problem, without considering whether the problem is only a small part of a major problem?

It is the embodiment of one's maturity to know how to abandon immediate interests in exchange for long-term gains.

Constantly challenge yourself: Kasparov retired and began to challenge politics and writing, hoping to find a new way to fight a new world.

"Think" from the Internet to check the news of Kasparov, chess and politics is too different, he was not very successful in politics.

Progress can only be achieved by challenging unknown areas, taking risks and learning new things. We must force ourselves out of our comfort zone and believe in our ability to adapt to the new environment and achieve greater success.

18 Intuition 19 Crisis Moments

Probably read at the end is very tired, the two parts can not read the feeling, keep the re-reading time to see if there is any inspiration.

The last word of the book: The Secret of success lies in ourselves.

23rd book: "Chess and Life"