A bridge between computer hardware and software programs 2

Part 2: Full BIOS Manual

I. Award bios settings Manual

Award BIOS is a type of BIOS widely used on compatible computers. However, the information in Award BIOS is in English and requires a deep understanding of relevant professional knowledge, therefore, it is difficult to set up some users. If the information is improperly set, the performance of the entire computer host will be greatly affected. The following describes the meanings and methods of setting options in Award bios. The main menu of Award bios mainly includes the following menu items:

Standard CMOS setup (Standard CMOS settings ):

In this menu, you can modify the date, time, first primary ide device (hard disk) and IDE device (hard disk or CD-ROM), Second Primary ide device (hard disk or CD-ROM) and from the IDE device (hard disk or CD-ROM), disk drive a and B, display the type of the system, what error status to cause system boot pause and so on.

Note:
(1) You can set the type and mode items to auto so that the BIOS can automatically detect the hard disk. You can also set it in the ide hdd Auto Detection operation in the main menu. You can also use the user option to manually set hard disk parameters. You must enter cyls, heads, precomp, landz, sectorxs ), mode and other parameters. The hard disk size is automatically generated after the above parameter settings.

(2) available display types: accept/VGA (selected for the metric, VGA, Sega, sv ga, and PGA display adapter) and CGA 40 (CGA display card, 40 columns), cga80 (CGA display card, 80-column mode), Mono (monochrome display mode, including high-resolution single graphics card), etc., the user should choose according to the situation correctly.

(3) paused error status options: all errors (BiOS detects any errors, the system is paused, and an error prompt is displayed), n o errors (BIOS does not pause the system startup if any errors are detected), a ll but keyboard (BiOS detects errors other than the disk to pause the system boot, disk error pause), all but Disk/Key (BiOS detects errors other than the keyboard or disk to pause the system startup.

BiOS features setup (BIOS function settings)

This item is used to set a list of system configuration options. Some of the options are determined by the motherboard design. Some options can be modified to improve the system performance. The main instructions are as follows:

(1) CPU internal cache: Enable by default, which allows the system to use the first level of cache inside the CPU. 486 and 586-level CPUs generally carry cache, unless the system is abnormal when this item is set to enable, this item should not be easily changed. If this option is set to disabl E (disabled), the system performance will be reduced.

(2) external cache: The default value is enable, which is used to control the second-level (L2) cache on the motherboard. Select this option based on whether the master board has CAC he.

(3) quick power on self test: The default value is enable. This function is used to accelerate the system power-on self-test process and skip some self-tests. Accelerate the boot process.

(4) Hard Disk boot from: select to start from the master disk, slave disk, or SCSI hard disk.

(5) boot sequence: select the boot sequence when the machine is powered on. When the machine is powered on, there are four startup sequence:

C. System A will search for the boot disk in the order of hard disk and soft drive.

System A and system C will search for boot Disks Based on the drive and hard disk order

For CDROM, C, and a systems, find the boot disk in the order of CDROM, hard disk, and soft drive.

C, CDROM, a system searches for the boot disk in the hard drive, CDROM, and soft drive Sequence

Note that some older motherboard does not support startup by CD-ROM.
The new motherboard now has more boot sequence such as D, a; LS 120, C; zip, and C.

(6) Swap floppy drive: swap Floppy Drive) The default value is disable. When it is disable, the BIOS regards the floppy disk drive connected by the soft drive link as the first drive. When it is enabled, the BIOS regards the floppy disk drive connected to the connection terminal as the first drive, that is, disk A under DOS as disk B, and disk B as disk.

(7) boot up floppy seek: When the Enable is enabled, the BIOS will track the soft drive when the machine starts.

(8) floppy disk access contol: When this option is selected in the R/W status, the floppy disk can be read and written, and can only be read in other statuses.

(9) boot up numlock strtus: This option is used to set the default status of the keypad. When it is set to on, after the system is started, the default keypad status is digital; when it is set to off, after the system is started, the keyboard status is Arrow.

(10) boot up system speed: This option is used to determine whether the system startup speed is high or low.

(11) typematic rate setting: Optional enable and disable. When set to enable, if you do not press a key on the keyboard, the machine presses the key repeatedly. When set to disable, if you press a key on the keyboard, press the key once.

(12) typematic rate: if the option (11) is set to enable, you can use this option to set that when you press a key on the keyboard for one second, it is equivalent to pressing the key six times. The options include 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 2, 0, 24, and 30.

(13) typematic delay: If the (11) option is set to enab le, you can use this option to set the key to be repeated when you press a key. The options are 250, 500, 750, and 1 000, in milliseconds.

(14) security option: When system is selected, the system will prompt you to enter the password each time the server is started. When setup is selected, the system will prompt you to enter the password only when entering c mos setup.

(15) PS/2 mouse function control: when this item is set to enable, the machine provides support for the PS/2 type mouse. Otherwise, select disable.

(16) Assign pci irq for VGA: When enable is selected, the machine automatically sets the IRQ of the PCI display card to the dram of the system to improve the display speed and system performance.

(17) PCI/VGA palett snoop: Used to set whether the PCI/vgacard can be used with the mpeg ISA/VESA vgacard. When the PCI/vgacard is used together with the mpeg ISA/VESA vgacard, set this item to enable. If not, set it to disable.

(18) OS select for DRAM> 64 MB: This option allows you to use more than 64 MB of memory in the OS/2 operating system. Optional values: Non-os2 and os2.

(19) system BIOS shadow: the default setting of this option is considered enable. When it is enabled, the system BIOS will copy it to the system dram, to speed up the system and improve the system performance.

(20) Video BIOS shadow: enab Le is enabled by default. When enabled, the BIOS of the display card will be copied to the system dram, to improve the display speed and system performance.
(21) C8000-CBFFF shadow/dffff shadow: These memory areas are used as Rom ing areas for other expansion cards and are generally set to disable ). If a ROM of an expansion card needs to be mapped, the user should figure out that the Rom will map the address and range, and can set the above memory areas to enable; however, this will cause a waste of memory space. Because the address space in the ing area will occupy the system's 640k ~ A memory segment between kb.

Chipset features setup (chipset function settings)

This item is used to set the features of the chip on the system board. It has the following options:

(1) ISA bus clock frequency (pciclk/4) ISA transmission rate setting

The values are pciclk/3 and pciclk/4.

(2) Auto Configuration (Enabled) Automatic status setting

When it is set to enabled, the BIOS is set to the optimal state. At this time, the BIOS will automatically set DRAM timing, so there will be a detailed sequence of DRAM that cannot be modified. We strongly recommend that you use enabled, any change to the dram sequence may cause system instability or shutdown.

(3) advanced mode setting of Aggressive Mode (disabled)

When you want to achieve better performance, and the system is in a very stable state, you can try enabled to increase system performance, no need to use faster DRAM (less than 60 NS ).

Power management setup)

This item is the power management settings, used to control the "green" function on the motherboard. This function regularly disables video display and hard drive for better effect.
Specifically, there are four power-saving modes:

1. When the set time is reached in doze mode, the CPU clock slows down and other devices operate as usual;

2. in standby mode, when the set time is reached, the hard disk and display will stop working, and other devices will operate as usual;

3. In suspend mode, when the set time reaches, all devices except the CPU end will stop working;

4. In HDD power down mode, when the set time is reached, the hard disk stops working and other devices operate as usual.

The following menu items are available:

(1) There are four main control items for power management power-saving mode:

Max saving (maximum power saving) after a short cycle of system inactivity (the default values of doze, standby, suspend, and HDD power down modes are 1 minute, enables the system to enter the power-saving mode, which saves the most energy.

In this case, the default values of the three modes (doze, standby, and suspend) are 1 hour, the default value of HDD power-down mode is 15 minutes.

Disable disables the power-saving function, which is the default setting.

User-Defined (User-Defined) allows you to set a power-saving mode based on your needs.

(2) video off method (video off) this option can be set to V/h Sync + blank, dpms, and blank screen.

V/h Sync + blank will close the output ports of the horizontal and vertical synchronization signals of the display card, and write blank signals to the video buffer zone.

Dpms allows the BIOS to initialize the energy saving information of the display card when the display card has the power saving function. You can use these settings only when the display card supports the Green function. If there is no Green function, set this line to blank screen (turn off the screen ).

Blank screen (turn off the screen) when you manage to turn off the screen, by default, you can save more energy by turning off the vertical and horizontal scans of the screen. For a display without the Green function, the screen can be turned off by default, but the CRT Scan cannot be terminated.

(3) The following items in PM timers indicate the control of power management timeout settings. The doze, stand by, and SUS pend mode items are set to the idle time of the machine before the mode is activated. In Max saving mode, the machine is activated one minute later each time. In Min sa ving mode, it is activated one hour later.

(4) power down and resume events (events that enter power-saving mode and wake up from power-saving status ). The events listed below can be in non-active mode, such as setting the hard disk in the lowest power consumption mode, working, waiting, and suspension system, for example, when you press any key or IRQ to wake up, move the mouse, or call the modem, the system will automatically recover from power-saving mode.

(5) soft-off by PWR-bttn: the design of the ATX chassis is different from that of the traditional chassis. The system can be shut down after a switch of more than 4 seconds; selecting the INS Tant-off method will make the ATX machine equivalent to the traditional machine, and if it is set to De Lay 4 sec, if you press and hold the switch for less than 4 seconds, the system will enter the suspend mode.

PNP/PCI configuration setup (plug-and-play and PCI status setting)

This menu item is used to set the attributes of the plug-and-play device and the PCI device.

(1) pnp OS installed: if the software system supports plug-play, such as Win 95, you can set it to yes.

(2) resources controlled by: the Award bios supports the "plug-and-play" function and can detect all devices that support "plug-and-play, this function is designed for operating systems like Win95 and can be set to auto or manual ).

(3) resources configuration data: The default value is disabled. If enabled is selected, extend syst em configuration data (eXtended System Setting data) is reset every time the system is started.

(4) irq3/4/5/7/9/10/11/15/15, assingned to: by default, all resources except irq3/4 are designed to be occupied by PCI devices, if some ISA cards occupy some resources, you can set them manually.

Intergrated peripherals setup (external device settings)

This menu item is used to set the attributes of external devices on the integrated motherboard.

(1) ide HDD Block Mode: If enable is selected, you can allow the hard disk to transmit data in Fast Block Mode.

(2) The setting of IDE Pio mode depends on the speed of the system hard disk. There are five options: auto, 16.6, and 4. The transmission rate of the mode4 hard disk is MB/second, other modes are less than this rate. Do not select a mode that exceeds the hard disk speed, which will cause data loss.

(3) ide Umda (ultra DMA) mode: Intel platinum TX chip provides ultra DMA mode, which can increase the transmission rate to a new level.

Load BIOS defaults (default value for mounting BIOS)

The CMOS of the motherboard has a factory-set value. If the CMOS content is corrupted, use this item to restore it. Because the default BIOS setting value may turn off all the parameters used to improve the system performance, it is easy to find the motherboard security value and remove the motherboard error.
This setting only affects the selection of bios and chipset features. Standard CMOS settings are not affected. Move the cursor to the item on the screen and press the y key. Whether to mount the default BIOS value is displayed on the screen. Answer Y to load the item, and then answer n to load the item. After selection, return to the main menu.

Supervisor password and user password setup (administrator and user password settings)

The user passowrd setting function sets the password. To set this password, first enter the current password, confirm the password, and press Y. The screen will automatically return to the main screen. The input user passowrd can use the system, but cannot modify the CMOS content. Enter the supervisor password to enter and modify the cmos bios value. The supervisor password is set to prevent others from modifying the CMOS content without authorization. If you use an IDE hard drive, this feature automatically reads the hard drive parameters and records them into the standard CMOS settings. It can read up to four IDE Hard Drive parameters.

The preceding section describes the meanings and settings of common options for Award BIOS setup. After changing the settings, select Save and exit setup to save the modified content so that the modified content takes effect.

Ii. Latest ami bios settings Manual

BIOS is the abbreviation of Basic Input/Output System. Program The EPROM or Flash ROM stored on the motherboard is used to test whether the components installed on the motherboard can work normally, provide driver interfaces, and set the configurations of the system. When your system accessories do not match the original CMOS parameters, or the CMOS parameters are lost, or the system is unstable, you need to enter the BIOS setup program to reconfigure the correct system configuration.

enter the ami bios setup program
1. turn on the system power or restart the system. The display screen displays information about self-testing.
2. when the "press to enter setup" prompt appears in the middle of the screen, press the key to enter the BIOS setup program.
3. move the arrow key to the option you want to modify and press to enter the sub-screen of the option.
4. you can use the arrow key and enter to modify the selected value. You can also select and modify the BIOS options with the mouse (including PS/2 mouse.
5. press the key at any time to return to the previous screen.
6. on the main screen, press and select "saving changes and exit" to save your new settings and restart the system. If you select "exit without saving", your changes will be ignored and the setting program will jump out.
Standard Setup (Standard Setting) window
date/time: displays the current date/time, modifiable.
Floppy Drive A, B: Set the floppy drive type to none/720 K/1.2 m/1.44 m/2.88 M.
pri Master/Slave and SEC Master/Slave: This option can be set to:
HDD type (hard disk type): auto (Automatic Detection), SCSI (scsi hdd), CD-ROM drive, floptical (LS-120 large capacity soft drive) or Type 1 ~ 47.
LBA/large: whether to enable the hard disk LBA/large mode. At present, hard disks larger than MB must be enabled (on), but in Novell Netware 3. XX or 4. in network operating systems such as XX, turn it off (off) as needed ).
Block Mode: setting this option to on helps speed up hard disk access, but some old hard disks do not support this mode. You must set this option to off.
32 bit mode: setting this option to on helps speed up hard disk transmission in a 32-bit operating system (such as Win95/NT, some old hard disks do not support this mode. You must set this option to off.
Pio mode: supported Pio mode0 ~ Mode5 (DMA/33 ). When you use the BIOS program to automatically check the hard disk, the PIO mode of the hard disk is automatically set.
Note: When you connect an IDE device (such as a hard disk or optical drive) to the system, it is best to enter the BIOS for automatic detection. If you are using a drawer hard disk, you can set the type to auto, or change the Primary and Secondary types to auto. Primary refers to the first ide interface, corresponding to the ide0 plug-in on the motherboard, and secondary refers to the second ide interface, corresponding to the ide1 plug-in on the motherboard. Each ide interface can be connected to Master/Slave (Master/Slave) Two ide devices.

Advanced Setup window
1st/2rd/3rd/4th boot device ~ 3, SCSI, optical drive, soft drive, floptical (LS-120 large capacity soft drive) or by the Network (network) boot.
S. m.a. R. T for harddisk: Enable S. m.a. R. T. If the hard disk supports this function, you can monitor the hard disk.
Quick boot: After enabling this function, the boot speed can be accelerated.
Floppy Drive swap: If you enable this function, you can swap drive a with drive B.
PS/2 mouse support: whether to enable the PS/2 mouse port. If it is set to enable, irq12 is retained to PS/2 mouse at startup. If it is set to disable, then irq12 is reserved for the system.
Password check: set when to check the password. If it is set to setup, the password will be required each time the BIOS is set. If it is set to always, when entering the BIOS or starting the system, a password is required, but the prerequisite is that the password must be set first (the user option in the security window ).
Primary display: Set the display card type.
Internal cache: whether or not to enable the CPU internal cache (L1 cache) should be set to enable.
External cache: whether to enable the high-speed cache (L2 cache) on the motherboard. It should be set to enable.
System BIOS cacheable: whether to copy the system BIOS program to the memory to speed up BIOS access.
C000-DC00, 16 K shadow: This 8 is to enable the uppermemory (upper memory zone) of the primary memory to map all Rom programs on the plug-in card to the memory, to speed up the execution efficiency of CPU to BIOS. Disable: do not enable this function; Enable: Enable, and can provide the read/write partition function; cached: Enable, but does not provide the read/write function.

Chipset setup (chipset settings) window
The options in this function help improve system efficiency. We recommend that you use the default value. If the timing value of some chipset, DRAM/SDRAM, or SRAM parts is set too fast, the system may be "crashed" or the operation may be unstable, at this time, you can try to set the speed value of some options to a little slower.
USB function enabled: This option enables the USB interface function. If there is no USB device, we recommend that you set this option to disable. Otherwise, an IRQ resource will be wasted.
DRAM write timing: Set the write time sequence of DRAM. The recommended value is as follows:
70ns DRAM: X-3-3-3; 60ns DRAM: X-2-2-2.
Page mode DRAM read timing: Set the dram read sequence. The recommended values are as follows:
70ns DRAM: X-4-4-4; 60ns DRAM: X-3-3-3.
Ras precharge period: Set the precharge (pre-charging) Time for DRAM/Edo Ram. It is recommended to set it to 4 TB.
Ras to CAS Delay Time: Set the latency from Ras to CAS in DRAM. It is recommended to set it to 3 TB.
Edo DRAM read timing: Set the Edo DRAM read sequence. The recommended values are as follows:
70ns DRAM: X-3-3-3; 60ns DRAM: X-2-2-2.
DRAM speculative read: This option is used to set the boot read timing for DRAM testability. We recommend that you set it to disable.
Sdram cas latency: Set the CAS Signal Delay Time Sequence of SDRAM. The recommended value is as follows:
15ns (66 MHz)/12ns (75 MHz) SDRAM: 3
10ns (100 MHz) SDRAM: 2.
SDRAM timing: Set the timing of the SDRAM (synchronous memory). The recommended value is as follows:
15ns (66 MHz)/12ns (75 MHz) SDRAM: 3-6-9
10ns (100 MHz) SDRAM: 3-4-7.
Note: It is recommended that you slow down the speed of the system when the system is unstable.
SDRAM speculative read: This option is used to set the boot read sequence of SDRAM for testability. We recommend that you set it to disable.
Pipe function: This option sets whether to enable the pipe function (Pipeline Function). We recommend that you set it to enable.
Slow Refresh: sets the DRAM refresh rate, which is 15/30/60/120 us. We recommend that you set it to 60us.
Primary Frame Buffer: This option is retained. We recommend that you set it to disable.
VGA Frame Buffer: Set whether to enable VGA frame buffer. We recommend that you set this parameter to enable.
Passive release: When passive release (passive release) is set to enable, the CPU and PCI bus master chip (PCI bus master) can regain control of the bus at any time.
ISA line buffer: whether to enable the line buffer of the ISA bus. We recommend that you set it to enable.
Delay transaction: Set whether to enable the delay transaction (delayed transfer) in the chipset. We recommend that you set it to disable.
At bus clock: Set the ISA bus clock. We recommend that you set it to auto.

Power management setup (Energy Management) window
The energy management function allows a majority of peripheral devices to provide power-saving information when they are idle, reducing power consumption and saving energy. During normal operations, the computer is working in full speed mode, and the power management program monitors the operating status of the system graphics, serial port, hard disk access, keyboard, mouse, and other devices, if the above devices are paused, the system enters the power-saving mode. When any monitoring event occurs, the system immediately returns to the full-speed working mode. The power-saving mode is divided into "full speed mode (normal), Doze mode (doze), standby mode, and suspend mode". The order of power consumption of the system is normal> doze>
Standby> suspend.
Power Management/APM: whether to enable the APM power saving function. If enable is enabled, you can set the power saving function.
Green PC monitor power state/Video Power Down mode/Hard Disk power down mode: sets whether power-saving mode is enabled for the display, display card, and hard disk, it can be set to standby, suspend, and off (that is, do not enter the power-saving mode ).
Video Power Down mode: sets the status of the monitor in power-saving mode: Disable: not set; stand by: standby mode; suspend: sleep mode.
Hard Disk power down mode: sets the state of the hard disk in power-saving mode. (Same as above)
Standby timeout/suspend Timeout: This option sets the system to Enter standby mode/suspend mode and other power-saving modes in sequence after the system is idle for several minutes.
Display activity: when the system enters the standby mode, whether or not the monitor enters the power-saving mode, ingroe: ignore or ignore; Monitor: Enable.
Monitor serial port/paralell port/pri-HDD/sec-HDD/VGA/Audio/Floppy: when the system enters power-saving mode, whether to monitor the action of serial parallel ports, Master/Slave hard disks, display cards, sound cards, and soft drives. Yes: monitoring, that is, if each device has an action, the system will return to full-speed working mode; NO: no monitoring.
Power Button override: whether to enable the power switch function.
Power Button Function: This option is used to set the power supply twist (SUS-SW) when using ATX power. Soft off: press once to enter the suspend mode, and then press again to resume running. Green: press the first command to start the instance. Press and hold down the instance for 4 seconds.
Ring resume from soft off: whether to enable the modem wake-up function.
RTC alarm resume from soft off: whether to set the BIOS timed boot function.

PCI/PNP Setup window
This option allows you to set the plug-and-play (PNP) function.
Onboard USB: whether to enable the USB function in the chipset.
Plug and Play aware OS: If your operating system (OS) has the PNP function (such as Win95), select Yes. If not, select No. If some PNP cards cannot be detected, we recommend that you set it to No.
PCI latency Timer: This option sets the delay time sequence of the PCI clock.
Offboard pci ide Card: if other PCI idecards are used, this item must be set, depending on which slot (1-4) Your PCI idecard is inserted, set the IRQ values for each of the following ides. Slot5, 6, and hardwared are reserved options.
Offboard PCI ide primary IRQ: Set the int # occupied by IDE 0 on the PCI idecard, which is generally set to int #.
Offboard PCI ide secondary IRQ: Set the int # occupied by IDE 1 on the PCI idecard, which is generally set to int # B.
Assign IRQ to pci vga Card: specify an irq for the vgacard. Generally, you do not need to specify an irq for the vgacard.
IRQ 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15/DMA channel 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7: this option sets whether each IRQ/DMA Enables automatic configuration of the PNP card. If it is set to PCI/PNP, when the BIOS detects the PNP card, you will select one of the IRQ/DMA instances in the PCI/PNP status. Otherwise, if you set it to ISA/Eisa, the BIOS will not be configured automatically. It is usually set to PCI/PNP.

Peripheral Setup window
Onboard FDC: whether to enable the software drive interface on the motherboard.
Onboard Serial Port 1: select the address of Serial Port 1 (COM1), which is generally set to auto.
Serial port1 IRQ: This option can be used to set the IRQ of Serial Port 1, which is recommended to be set to 4.
Onboard Serial Port 2: select the address of Serial Port 2, which is generally set to auto.
Serial port2 mode: If set to normal, it is generally used for mouse and modem. If there is an infrared device (IRDA), it is recommended to set it to IrDA askir.
Serial port2 IRQ: This option can be set to IRQ of Serial Port 2. It is recommended to set it to 3.
Onboard parallel port: select the address of the parallel port.
Onboard parallel mode: select the transmission mode of the parallel port (ECP/EPP/normal ). The default mode is normal ).
Parallel Mode IRQ: Set the parallel port IRQ to 7.
EPP version: Set the EPP mode to version 1.7 or 1.9.
Onboard ide: whether to enable the PCI ide0 and ide1 interfaces on the motherboard. If an external idecard is used, this option must be changed to disable, and vice versa. If this option is set incorrectly, the hard disk, optical drive, and other ide devices cannot be detected.

Security window
User: allow the user (User) to set the password. after entering the password, you must enter it again for confirmation.
Anti-virus: This option can prevent viruses from intruding into the boot zone and bios of the hard disk.

utility (practical) window
detect ide: this feature automatically detects all devices connected to ide0 and ide1, including hard drives, CD-Rom, LS-120, etc., and automatically determines its Pio mode, as well as LBA/normal/large mode, detection can be completed once