A detailed description of common Linux header files

POSIX standard-defined header file

<dirent.h> Catalog Items

<fcntl.h> File Control

<fnmatch.h> file name Match type

<glob.h> path name pattern match type

<grp.h> Group files

<netdb.h> Network Database Operations

<pwd.h> Password file

<regex.h> Regular Expressions

<tar.h> Tar archive values

<termios.h> Terminal I/O

<unistd.h> symbolic constants, files are system calls to Linux, like windows.h in Windows

<utime.h> file time

<wordexp.h> character Extension types

-------------------------

<arpa/inet.h> Internet definition

<net/if.h> Socket Local Interface

<netinet/in.h> Internet Address Family

<netinet/tcp.h> Transmission Control Protocol Definition

-------------------------

<sys/mman.h> Memory Management Statement

<sys/select.h> Select function

<sys/socket.h> Socket Excuses

<sys/stat.h> file Status

<sys/times.h> Process Time

<sys/types.h> Basic system data types (e.g. pid_t,size_t, etc.)

<sys/un.h> UNIX domain sockets definition

<sys/utsname.h> system Name

<sys/wait.h> Process Control

------------------------------

POSIX-defined xsi extension header file

<cpio.h> Cpio Archive values

<dlfcn.h> Dynamic Links

<fmtmsg.h> Message Display structure

<ftw.h> File Tree Roaming

<iconv.h> code set conversion using programs

<langinfo.h> Language Information Constants

<libgen.h> Pattern matching function definition

<monetary.h> Currency Types

<ndbm.h> Database Operations

<nl_types.h> Message Categories

<poll.h> Polling functions

<search.h> search Form

<strings.h> string manipulation

<syslog.h> System error log records

<ucontext.h> User Context

<ulimit.h> User Restrictions

<utmpx.h> User Account Database

-----------------------------

<sys/ipc.h> IPC (Named pipes)

<sys/msg.h> Message Queuing

<sys/resource.h> Resource Operations

<sys/sem.h> Signal Volume

<sys/shm.h> shared storage

<sys/statvfs.h> File System Information

<sys/time.h> Time Type

<sys/timeb.h> additional date and time definitions

<sys/uio.h> vector I/O operations

------------------------------

POSIX-defined optional header file

<aio.h> Asynchronous I/O

<mqueue.h> Message Queuing

<pthread.h> Threads

<sched.h> Execution Scheduling

<semaphore.h> Signal Volume

<spawn.h> real-time Spawn interface

<stropts.h> XSI Streams interface

<trace.h> Event Tracking

A list of header files for C + +

C

# include <assert.h>//Set insertion point

# include <ctype.h>//character processing

# include <errno.h>//define error codes

# include <float.h>//floating-point processing

# include <iso646.h>//macros corresponding to various operators

# include <limits.h>//define constants for the most values of various data types

# include <locale.h>//define localization C functions

# include <math.h>//define Mathematical functions

# include <setjmp.h>//exception handling support

# include <signal.h>//signaling mechanism support

# include <stdarg.h>//indefinite parameter list support

# include <stddef.h>//Common constants

# include <stdio.h>//define input/output functions

# include <stdlib.h>//define miscellaneous functions and memory allocation functions

# include <string.h>//String processing

# include <time.h>//define functions on time

# include <wchar.h>//wide character processing and input/output

# include <wctype.h>//wide character categories

traditional C + +

# include <fstream.h>//switch to <fstream>

# include <iomanip.h>//switch to <iomainip>

# include <iostream.h>//switch to <iostream>

# include <strstrea.h>//This class is no longer supported, instead use the StringStream in <sstream>

standard C + +

# include <algorithm>//stl general purpose algorithms

# include <bitset>//stl bit set container

# include <cctype>//character processing

# include <cerrno>//define error codes

# include <cfloat>//floating-point processing

# include <ciso646>//macros corresponding to various operators

# include <climits>//define constants for the most values of various data types

# include <clocale>//define localization functions

# include <cmath>//define Mathematical functions

# include <complex>//plural class

# include <csignal>//signaling mechanism support

# include <csetjmp>//exception handling support

# include <cstdarg>//indefinite parameter list support

# include <cstddef>//Common constants

# include <cstdio>//define input/output functions

# include <cstdlib>//define miscellaneous functions and memory allocation functions

# include <cstring>//String processing

# include <ctime>//define functions on time

# include <cwchar>//wide character processing and input/output

# include <cwctype>//wide character categories

# include <deque>//stl dual-ended queue container

# include <exception>//exception handling classes

# include <fstream>//file input/output

# include <al>//stl define arithmetic functions (instead of operators)

# include <limits>//define a variety of data type value constants

# include <list>//stl linear list container

# include <locale>//localization specific information

# include <map>//stl mapping container

# include <memory>//stl memory allocations through allocators

# include <new>//dynamic memory allocation

# include <numeric>//stl common digital operations

# include <iomanip>/parametric input/output

# include <ios>//basic input/output support

# include <iosfwd>//input/output system use of the predecessor declaration

# include <iostream>//data stream input/output

# include <istream>//Basic input stream

# include <iterator>//stl iterators

# include <ostream>//Basic output stream

# include <queue>//stl queue container

# include <set>//stl collection container

# include <sstream>//string-based streams

# include <stack>//stl stack container

# include <stdexcept>//Standard Exception class

# include <streambuf>//Bottom input/output support

# include <string>//String class

# include <typeinfo>//run-time type information

# include <utility>//stl generic template classes

# include <valarray>//operations on arrays containing values

# include <vector>//stl dynamic array container

————————————————————————————————

C99 Added Parts

# include <complex.h>//complex processing

# include <fenv.h>//floating-point environment

# include <inttypes.h>//integer format conversion

# include <stdbool.h>//Boolean environment

# include <stdint.h>//Integer environment

# include <tgmath.h>//universal type Math macro

————————————————————————————————

Socket programming is often used to:
SYS/TYPES.H: Data type definition
Sys/socket.h: Provides socket functions and data structures
Netinet/in.h: Defining Data Structures sockaddr_in
Arpa/inet.h: provides IP address translation functions
Netdb.h: Provides functions for setting and retrieving domain names
Sys/ioctl.h: Provides functions for I/O control
Sys/poll.h: A function that provides a socket wait test mechanism

other header files that are common in network programs
Unistd.h: Provides common functions for files, directories, programs, and process operations
Errno.h: Provides the definition of error number errno for error handling
Fcntl.h: Provides functions for file control
Time.h: Provides a function about time
Crypt.h: Provides cryptographic functions that use the DES encryption algorithm
Pwd.h: Provides functions for/etc/passwd file access
Shadow.h: Provides functions for/etc/shadow file access
Pthread.h: Functions that provide multithreaded operations
Signal.h: Provides functions for signal manipulation
Sys/wait.h, sys/ipc.h, sys/shm.h: functions that provide process waiting, interprocess communication (IPC), and shared memory

If you want to know what header files a function needs to include, which libraries you need to connect to, you can use man to see

Mans Function_name
Like what
Man 2 socket
Tell you what you need to include:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
Man sin:
#include <math.h>
Link WITH-LM.

There are several ways to locate a file
Locate xxxx
Whereis xxxx
Find/usr/include-name "XXXX"
But your file may not be the standard system with the header files, may be the book's own written header files

references from: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-24219701-id-67552.html

A detailed description of common Linux header files