A detailed example of Laravel database migration method

This article mainly introduces the method of database migration of Laravel, small series think very good, now share to everyone, also give you a reference. Follow the small series together to see it, hope to help everyone.

Build migration

The--table and--create options can be used to specify the name of the data table or a new data table that will be created when the migration is executed. These options are required to fill in the specified data table when the migration file is pre-generated:

PHP artisan make:migration create_users_tablephp artisan make:migration create_users_table--create=usersphp Artisan Make:migration add_votes_to_users_table--table=users

Add Field

\database\migrations\2017_07_30_133748_create_users_table.php

<?phpuse Illuminate\support\facades\schema;use Illuminate\database\schema\blueprint;use Illuminate\Database\  Migrations\migration;class createuserstable extends migration{/** * Run database Migration * @return void */Public function Up () {//Schema::create (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {$table->increments (' id ')->comment (' incrementing        ID ');        $table->string (' email ',->comment) (' member email ');        $table->string (' phone ')->comment (' member mobile number ');        $table->string (' username ', $)->comment (' username ');        $table->string (' password ', +)->comment (' User password ');        $table->char (' Rank ',->comment (' Membership level ');        $table->unsignedsmallinteger (' Sex ')->comment (' gender; 0 confidentiality; 1 male; 2 female ');        $table->unsignedsmallinteger (' status ')->comment (' User status ');        $table->ipaddress (' last_ip ')->default (' 0.0.0.0 ')->comment (' Last login IP ');        $table->timetz (' Last_login ')->comment (' Last login time ');      $table->timestamps ();  }); }  /** * ROLLBACK DATABASE Migration * * @return void */Public function down () {//Schema::d rop (' users '); }}

To create a new data table, you can use the Create method of Schema facade. The Create method receives two parameters: the first parameter is the name of the data table, the second argument is a closure, and the closure receives a Blueprint object that defines the new data table

You can easily use the hastable and Hascolumn methods to check whether a data table or field exists:

if (schema::hastable (' users ')) {  //}if (' users ', ' email ') {  //}}

If you want to perform database structure operations in a non-default database connection, you can use the connection method:

Schema::connection (' foo ')->create (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->increments (' id ');});

You can set the engine properties on the database structure builder to set up the storage engines for the data tables:

Schema::create (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->engine = ' InnoDB ';  $table->increments (' id ');});

Renaming and deleting data tables

Schema::rename ($from, $to);//rename/delete existing data table schema::d rop (' users '); Schema::d ropifexists (' users ');

Create a field

Schema::table (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->string (' email ');});

Command	Description
$table->bigincrements (' id ');	Increment ID (primary key), equivalent to "unsigned BIG integer" type.
$table->biginteger (' votes ');	Equivalent to the BIGINT type State.
$table->binary (' data ');	Equivalent to BLOB form.
$table->boolean (' confirmed ');	Corresponds to a BOOLEAN pattern.
$table->char (' name ', 4);	Equivalent to CHAR type, with length.
$table->date (' created_at ');	Corresponds to the DATE type
$table->datetime (' created_at ');	Corresponds to a DATETIME pattern.
$table->datetimetz (' created_at ');	DATETIME (with time zone) pattern
$table->decimal (' Amount ', 5, 2);	Equivalent to the DECIMAL type, with precision and cardinality.
$table->double (' column ', 15, 8);	The equivalent of a DOUBLE type, with a total of 15 digits and 8 digits after the decimal point.
$table->enum (' Choices ', [' foo ', ' Bar ']);	Equivalent to the ENUM type.
$table->float (' Amount ', 8, 2);	The equivalent of a FLOAT pattern, with a total of 8 digits and 2 digits after the decimal point.
$table->increments (' id ');	Incrementing the ID (primary key), using the equivalent of the "unsigned integer" form.
$table->integer (' votes ');	Equivalent to an integer pattern.
$table->ipaddress (' visitor ');	Equivalent to the IP address pattern.
$table->json (' options ');	Equivalent to the JSON pattern.
$table->jsonb (' options ');	Equivalent to the JSONB type State.
$table->longtext (' description ');	Equivalent to the Longtext type State.
$table->macaddress (' device ');	Corresponds to the MAC address pattern.
$table->mediumincrements (' id ');	Increment ID (primary key), which is equivalent to "unsigned MEDIUM integer" form.
$table->mediuminteger (' numbers ');	Equivalent to the Mediumint type State.
$table->mediumtext (' description ');	Equivalent to the Mediumtext type State.
$table->morphs (' taggable ');	Joins the integer taggable_id with the string taggable_type.
$table->nullablemorphs (' taggable ');	Is the same as the morphs () field, but is allowed to be null.
$table->nullabletimestamps ();	Same as timestamps (), but allowed to be NULL.
$table->remembertoken ();	Add Remember_token and use VARCHAR (+) NULL.
$table->smallincrements (' id ');	Increment ID (primary key), which is equivalent to "unsigned SMALL integer" form.
$table->smallinteger (' votes ');	Equivalent to the SMALLINT type State.
$table->softdeletes ();	Join the Deleted_at field for soft-delete operations.
$table->string (' email ');	Equivalent to the VARCHAR pattern.
$table->string (' name ', 100);	Equivalent to the VARCHAR type, with length.
$table->text (' description ');	Corresponds to the TEXT type.
$table->time (' Sunrise ');	Equivalent to the time pattern.
$table->timetz (' Sunrise ');	Corresponds to time (with timezone) pattern.
$table->tinyinteger (' numbers ');	Equivalent to the TINYINT type State.
$table->timestamp (' added_on ');	Equivalent to the TIMESTAMP type State.
$table->timestamptz (' added_on ');	Equivalent to TIMESTAMP (with time zone) pattern.
$table->timestamps ();	Add the Created_at and Updated_at fields.
$table->timestampstz ();	Joins the Created_at and Updated_at (with time zone) field and allows null.
$table->unsignedbiginteger (' votes ');	Equivalent to Unsigned BIGINT type.
$table->unsignedinteger (' votes ');	Equivalent to the Unsigned INT form.
$table->unsignedmediuminteger (' votes ');	Equivalent to Unsigned mediumint type.
$table->unsignedsmallinteger (' votes ');	Equivalent to Unsigned SMALLINT type.
$table->unsignedtinyinteger (' votes ');	Equivalent to Unsigned TINYINT type.
$table->uuid (' id ');	Equivalent to the UUID pattern.

Field Decoration

Schema::table (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->string (' email ')->nullable ();});

Modifier	Description
->after (' column ')	Place this field "after" in other fields (MySQL only)
->comment (' my comment ')	Add Comment
->default ($value)	Specify a "default" value for this field
->first ()	Place this field "first" in the datasheet (MySQL only)
->nullable ()	This field allows NULL values to be written
->storedas ($expression)	Create a Stored build field (MySQL only)
->unsigned ()	Set integer field UNSIGNED
->virtualas ($expression)	Create a Virtual build field (MySQL only)

Field Update

Schema::table (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->string (' phone ', ')->change ();  $table->string (' username ', $)->->nullable ()->change ();});

Rename Field

Schema::table (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->renamecolumn (' from ', ' to ');});

Field removal

Schema::table (' Users ', function (Blueprint $table) {  $table->dropcolumn ([' last_ip ', ' last_login ']);});

Before you use field updates, rename fields, and remove fields, be sure to add < "Doctrine/dbal": "^2.5" > values in your Composer.json file require key name. Then composer update for updates or

Composer require Doctrine/dbal

Create an index

$table->string (' email ')->unique ();

Command	Description
$table->primary (' id ');	Join the primary key.
$table->primary ([' First ', ' last ']);	Add a composite key.
$table->unique (' email ');	Join a unique index.
$table->unique (' state ', ' my_index_name ');	The custom index name.
$table->unique ([' First ', ' last ']);	Adds a composite unique key.
$table->index (' state ');	Add a base index.

Turn foreign key constraints on and off

Schema::enableforeignkeyconstraints (); Schema::d isableforeignkeyconstraints ();

Run migration

PHP Artisan Migrate

Enforce migration on-line environment

PHP Artisan Migrate--force

Roll back migration

To roll back the last migration, you can use the rollback command. This command is a "bulk" migration rollback for the last execution, which may include multiple migration files:

PHP Artisan Migrate:rollback

You can limit the number of rollback migrations by adding the step parameter after the rollback command. For example, the following command will roll back the last 5 migrations.

PHP Artisan Migrate:rollback--step=5

The Migrate:reset command can roll back all migrations in the application:

PHP Artisan Migrate:reset

Use a single command to perform a rollback or migration

The Migrate:refresh command not only rolls back all migrations of the database but also runs the migrate command. Therefore, this command effectively re-creates the entire database:

PHP artisan migrate:refresh//Refresh the database structure and perform data filling PHP artisan Migrate:refresh--seed

You can also limit the number of rollback and re-migrations that are performed by using the Refresh command with the step parameter. For example, the following command rolls back and then migrates the last 5 migrations:

PHP Artisan Migrate:refresh--step=5

Unable to generate migration file

In the Laravel project, the database migration is sometimes created with PHP artisan make:migration create_xxx_table due to testing. If you delete the created migration file database/migrations/2017_07_30_133748_create_xxx_table.php file, execute PHP artisan make:migration again Create_ Xxx_table will error:

Copy the Code code as follows:

[Errorexception]
Include (e:\laraver\vendor\composer/. /.. /database/migrations/2017_07_30_133748_create_users_table.php): Failed to open stream:no such file or directory

Rerun composer Update to execute the above command.