A preliminary understanding of the essence of the Network

Today, with the widespread use of computers and the prevalence of networks, more and more organizations and departments have begun to introduce computer network management, thus requiring more excellent network management. Do you have the ambition to become a network administrator after years of "brain aging? Before you become a qualified network administrator, you must first clarify the following ten problems. If you do not have these basic network management knowledge, how can you skip this course?
★What is a computer network?

This is the first problem that must be solved. It is definitely the core concept. The computer network we talk about is actually connecting multiple computer systems with different geographical locations and independent functions using communication devices and lines, A fully functional network software (such as network communication protocols, information exchange methods, and network operating systems) is used to implement resource sharing and information transmission in the network. Its functions are mainly manifested in two aspects: sharing resources (including sharing hardware resources and software resources) and exchanging information between users. The role of a computer network is not only to allow computers scattered across the network to share all the resources on the Internet, but also to provide users with powerful means of communication and the best possible service, this greatly facilitates users. From the perspective of network management, we can simply use technical means to transfer information between networks and provide services for users.

★What components does a computer network consist?

A computer network consists of three parts: Resource subnet, Communication Subnet, and communication protocol. The Communication Subnet is the part responsible for data communication in the computer network, the resource subnet is the user-oriented part of the computer network, and is responsible for application-oriented data processing in the whole network; the rules and conventions that both parties must abide by are called communication protocols. The existence of a communication protocol is the fundamental difference between computer networks and general computer systems. Therefore, we should better understand why computer networks are the product of the development of computer and communication technologies.

★How do I divide computer networks?

At present, the most common partitioning method is: according to the geographic range covered by computer networks, generally divided into wide area network (wan) and lan (lan) (Also, add another man for some divisions )). As the name suggests, the wide area network is simply a form of geographically distant network connection. For example, the famous internet network, chinanet is a typical wide area network. A lan generally has a range of no more than 10 kilometers and is often limited to a single building or a group of very close buildings. Novell Network is currently the most popular computer LAN.

★What is the architecture of computer networks?

In computer network technology, the network architecture refers to the overall design of the communication system, which aims to provide standards for network hardware, software, protocols, access control and topology. The open system interconnection Reference Model is widely used, it describes the network structure at seven layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, dialogue layer, presentation layer, and application layer. It should be noted that the advantages and disadvantages of the network architecture will directly affect the performance of the bus, interfaces and networks. The key elements of the network architecture are protocols and topologies. Currently, the most common network architecture is fddi, Ethernet, ring-based network, and fast Ethernet.

★What is the computer network protocol?

As mentioned earlier, network protocols are one of the key elements of the network architecture. The so-called protocol is a formal description of the rules that must be followed when data is exchanged between data formats and computers. Its role is the same as that of Mandarin. Ethernet, netbeui, ipx/spx, and TCP/IP protocols are usually used according to different networks. Ethernet is the most common low-layer network protocol in bus protocols, which is easy to install and cost-effective. netbeui is a network protocol designed for small LAN. For small-sized local networks that do not need to communicate with large hosts across vrouters, installing the netbeui protocol is sufficient, but if you need to route to another local area network, you must install the ipx/spx or TCP/IP protocol. The former is almost synonymous with the novell Network, while the latter is adopted by the famous internet network. In particular, TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/inter-network protocol) is one of the earliest protocols in the Open System Interconnection protocol and is also the most complete and widely used protocol at present, supports connection, communication, and communication between different computer platforms.

★What is the topological structure of a computer network?

The topological structure of the computer network refers to the form of interconnection between sites in the network. Specifically, the LAN is a form of connection, such as file servers, workstations, and cables. Currently, the main topology structures are bus topology, star topology, ring topology, and their hybrid architecture. As the name suggests, the bus type is to connect the file server and workstation to a public cable called the bus, and the two ends of the bus must have a Terminator. The star topology uses a device as the central connection point, each workstation is directly connected to it to form a star, and the ring topology is to connect all sites to each other in a serial manner, forming a ring loop like a chain; mixing these three most basic topology structures is naturally a hybrid architecture.

★What hardware is involved in computer network construction?

The hardware system of the computer network is usually composed of five parts: file server, workstation (including terminal), transmission medium, network connection hardware and external devices. Generally, a file server is equipped with a high-performance cpu system microcomputer, which acts as the core of the network. In addition to managing transactions on the entire network, it must also provide various resources and services. A workstation is an intelligent terminal that extracts programs and data from the file server and can be processed on this site. Generally, there are disks and no disks. Next, let's talk about the transmission media, which is the physical path between the sender and receiver in the communication network. In the LAN, It is the cable used to connect the server and the workstation. Currently, common network transmission media include twisted pair wires (mostly used for LAN), coaxial cables, and optical cables. Common network connection Hardware includes network interface card (nic), hub, repeater, and modem. Printers, scanners, mappers, and any other device that can be shared with workstations can be called external devices.

★Which operating systems are generally installed on the computer network?

We all know that the network operating system is the soul of the entire network and an important embodiment of the distributed processing system. It determines the functions of the network and thus determines the application fields of different networks. Currently, the most popular network operating systems are unix, netware, windows nt, and emerging linux. Unix has a long history and has been quite mature today, especially known for its wide range of security * and applications. In contrast, netware is famous for its file service and print management, moreover, its directory service is recognized by the industry as a masterpiece of directory management. windows nt is a true 32-bit operating system that supports multiple hardware platforms, and maintains a popular windows user interface, at present, it is being applied by more and more networks. The newest linux is among the ranks of excellent network operating systems with its advanced design ideas and free software.

★What are the future development trends of computer networks?

In the future, there will be three basic technical trends for network development. First, the development towards distributed computing and intelligence brought about by low-cost computers, namely the client/server (customer/server) structure; second, the development towards adapting to multimedia communication and mobile communication structures; third, the network structure adapts to network interconnection and expands the scale so as to establish a global network.

★What are the specific services of Computer Network Management?

In summary, the Network Management Service has three aspects: network construction, network maintenance, and network services. Establishing a LAN (including planning the topology, implementing the physical hardware, and setting the network protocol), adding or upgrading network equipment, and planning the network development is the specific content of network construction; general network maintenance includes Network Fault Detection and maintenance (including hardware and software), and network security protection and management; network services can be differentiated based on different network purposes. However, most common services include remote login, file transmission, email, and resource sharing, of course, you can also focus on one or more aspects. In addition, such as the production and update of the homepage on the website, the construction and management of bbs platforms, and so on can also be included in the business scope of the network management. In short, the so-called "Network Management", as its name implies, is the construction and management of the network, their work and tasks are just like the hotel staff, through the good management of the hotel to entertain friends from all directions.

Good network management doesn't mean that the network management work is hard, but if you are willing to spend time and effort, you may be able to do as well as the army and Gao chunhui. However, before you become an excellent network administrator, you must clarify the ten questions you are talking about today!

2 typical Internet Explorer faults:

When you drive your beloved ie on the internet, a strange warning prompt box pops up on the desktop, and all ie windows are closed. Or you can click the link anyway, ie never responds ...... These faults are disturbing and helpless. However, you don't have to worry about it. Today we will work together to find out common ie errors and eliminate them completely!

1. Send an error report

[Fault description] when using ie to browse the Web page, the following error occurs: "microsoft internet explorer needs to be closed when a problem occurs ......" . If you click "Send Error Report", an error report will be created. clicking "close" will close the current ie window. If you click "do not send, all ie windows are closed.

[Fault comment] This is a small program designed by ie to understand users' usage errors. However, I don't want to be a free tester at Microsoft ", what's more, it faces thousands of reports every day. Do you know whether you care about my report problems ?!

[Troubleshooting]

You can use the following methods to disable the ie Error Report function for different situations:

① For ie 5. x user, execute "Control Panel → add or delete programs", select the "internet explorer error reporting" option in the list, and then click the "change/Delete" button, delete it from the system.

② For ie 2000 users in windows 9x/me/nt/6.0, open registry editor and find [hkey_local_machine \ software \ microsoft \ internet explorer \ main]. in the right pane, create a dword dubyte value named iewatsonenabled and assign it to 0.

③ For windows xp ie 6.0 users, execute "Control Panel → System", switch to the "advanced" tab, click the "Error Report" button, and select the "Disable Error Report" option, select "but notify me when a severe error occurs" and click "OK.

2. An internal error occurs in ie and the window is closed.

[Fault description] When I use ie to browse some web pages, an error prompt dialog box is displayed: "This program has performed illegal operations and is about to close ......", Click "OK" and a dialog box is displayed, prompting "internal error ......". After you click OK, all open ie windows are closed.

[Fault comment] the error is caused by a variety of causes, too many memory resources are occupied, the ie security level settings do not match those of the website to be browsed, conflicts with other software, and the website to be browsed contains error codes ...... These situations are all possible and need to be addressed with patience.

[Troubleshooting]

① Close too many ie Windows. If you are running a program that requires a large amount of memory, we recommend that you open up to five ie Windows.

② Reduce the ie security level. Run the "Tools> internet Options" menu, select the "Security" tab, and click the "Default level" button. Drag the slider to lower the default security level.

③ Upgrade IE to the latest version. Ie 6.0 sp1: download.microsoft.com.

You can use ie-centered browsers, such as myie2. It occupies a relatively small amount of system resources, and when the Browser fails to close, the next time it starts, there will be a prompt "whether to open the page when the last error occurred", to help you recover the loss as much as possible.

3. A running error occurs.

Fault description: When you use ie to browse the webpage, the "running error, correct error" dialog box is displayed. Click "no" to continue browsing the Internet.

[Fault comment] It may be a problem with the website itself, or it may be because ie does not support some scripts.

[Troubleshooting]

① Start ie, execute the "Tools → internet Options" menu, select the "advanced" tab, select the "Disable script debugging" check box, and click the "OK" button.

② Upgrade IE to the latest version.

4. Always minimize ie Windows

[Fault phenomenon] each time a new window is opened, the window is minimized. Even if you click the "maximize" button, the new window will be minimized after ie is started next time.

[Fault comment] ie tools? Small * far away and δ Delta e itself does not provide related settings, but you can use the registry to modify it.

[Troubleshooting]

① Open registry editor and find [hkey _ current_user \ software \ microsoft \ internet explorer \ desktop \ old workareas]. Then select "oldworkarearects" on the right of the window and delete it.

② In the Registry Editor, find [hkey_current_user \ software \ microsoft \ internet explorer \ main], select "window_placement" on the right of the window, and delete it.

③ Exit "Registry Editor", restart the computer, open ie, maximize its window, click "Restore down" to restore the window, and then click "maximize" again, close the ie window. When ie is re-opened later, the window will be normal!

5. ie cannot open a new window

Fault description: When you browse the Web page, clicking the hyperlink does not respond.

[Fault comments] This is mostly because the new window module of ie is damaged.

[Troubleshooting] Click "Start> Run", run "regsvr32 actxprxy. dll" and "regsvr32 shdocvw. dll" to register the two dll files, and then restart the system. If not, you can also register mshtml. dll, urlmon. dll, msjava. dll, browseui. dll, oleaut32.dll, and shell32.dll.