A study of foreign language learning method of a generation of language master gu hongming--recitation method

The library was fortunate to see a book, "The Spirit of the Chinese", in English: The Spirit of Chinese people.

The characters in the book are called Gu hongming. English name: Townsend

He, who also,He was born in Nanyang, studied in western, married in Toyo, Shi in Beiyang. Proficient in English, French, German, Latin, Greek, Malaya and other 9 languages, received 13 doctoral degrees, reading English newspapers laughed at the British, said Americans have no culture, the first Chinese "analects", "The Golden mean" in English and German translation to the West. Persuasion, the Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi Chineseness, and the literary master Leo Tolstoy Correspondence, discuss the world culture and political situation, by the Indian Mahatma Gandhi called "the Most honorable Chinese."

Gu hongming, who is proficient in nine languages and cultures, has received a doctorate of 13 doctoral degrees in profound sinology. His thoughts affect the east and west of the 20th century, is a both Chinese, liberal arts and humanities, but also the modern middle school in the history of the pioneer figures.

gu hongming at the age of 10 with his Yifu-British Brown on the Land of Scotland, was sent to a local high school, subject to extremely rigorous English literature training. In his spare time, Brown taught Gu hongming to learn German himself. Mr Brown's teachings are slightly different from Western traditions as Chinese private schools. He asked Gu hongming to recite Goethe's "Faust" with him. Brown told Gu Hongming: "In the West, there are very few saints in God." God knows the life and the sage learns it. The West only Goethe is Wensheng, Maucci is Wu Sheng. If you want to learn German well, you must memorize Goethe's famous book "Faust". "He always reads with the performance of the Strokes, asking Gu hongming to imitate his movements and to always laugh and be amused." Gu Hongming wanted to know what was in Faust's book, but Mr Brown insisted that he not explain it verbatim. He said: "Only you read well, do not ask you to understand." Understand again back, the heart is disorderly, but the back is not ripe. I'll tell you about it when you recite Faust. "More than half a year of time Gu hongming diluted hu tu to a" Faust "roughly back down.

the next year Brown started explaining Faust to Gu hongming. He thought that the more late the talk, the deeper the understanding, because the classics are different from the general works no one can understand. This period of time Gu hongming did not pause on "Faust" Jisong, has been described as "recite".

after finishing "Faust", Gu Hongming began to learn "Shakespeare" drama. Brown set a plan for GU hongming to learn a play for half a month. Eight months later, see Shong Remember to recite the strange fast, the plan was changed to half a month to learn three. In about less than a year, Gu Hongming has written 37 of Shakespeare's plays.

Brown believes that Gu Hongming's English and German standards have surpassed those of a general college graduate, and will be able to do so in the future. But Gu hongming only learned poetry and drama, not formally involved in prose. Brown arranges Gu hongming to read Carlisle's historical masterpiece "The French Revolution". Gu hongming this basic transfer to self-study, slowly read slowly back, encounter have not understand the words to consult others. But after only three days of Reading, Gu hongming started to cry. "How's it going?" asked Brown in astonishment. Gu Hongming replied, "Prose is not as good as drama." Brown asked Gu hongming to recite the progress, found that he read three pages a day, and then relieved: "You read too much every day." Reciting prose works half a page to one page per day is enough. Reciting prose is also to seek to mature not fast, fast but not ripe is equal to not learn. "

gu hongming is in the middle school schoolwork is very heavy, but because Gu hongming each branch in brown around the early laid the foundation, the whole learning process seems effortless. Since the school's work has been carried out smoothly, Gu hongming then Jisong Carlisle's "French Revolution". The more he read, the more interested he was, but the more he read, the more he couldn't recite. If you follow Brown's request slowly, but also can not control his curiosity. At that time, the French Revolution of Carlisle was read slowly and quickly. Later Gu Hongming finally obtain Yifu's consent, can casually read Yifu Brown House of Books. There are many books, gu hongming not intended to recite, but also inadvertently "Guomuchengsong".

Brown's hope for the adopted son is very high. He once told Gu Hongming: "If I have your cleverness, I am willing to be a scholar, to save mankind, not to be a millionaire, to benefit myself." Let me tell you that European countries and the United States are now trying to invade China, but many European and American scholars want to learn about China. I hope you can learn the Chinese and Western, is for you to take up the strengthening of China, the burden of educating Europe and the United States, can give mankind a bright road, so that people can live a real human life! "

According to Brown's plan Gu hongming should first in the English sinology, history, philosophy and sociology, and then to Germany to study science. After studying, we can go back to China to practise traditional culture. Mr Brown did not read it correctly, and when Gu Hongming was 14 years old, his academic attainments were less than average. He only spent four years, not only to finish the preliminary family teaching plan, but also basically completed the main courses in his secondary school. Brown was secretly proud of his adopted son's cleverness. Gu Hongming had a rudimentary grasp of Latin and Greek in the school, and the other courses were excellent, and could already apply for graduation.

in the spring of 1872, Gu Hongming formally enrolled in the University of Edinburgh. Gu Hongming, who specializes in English literature at the University of Edinburgh, also did not know how many times he had cried secretly in Latin and Greek. He was determined to read the Greek and Latin texts, histories, and philosophers in the Library of Edinburgh University. At first, the number of pages to recite how many pages, have not found any difficulty, and later as the reading volume gradually increased, gradually feel overwhelmed. He insisted on his own, and then insisted, must recite all the way down. Gu hongming in his later years, he said, "It is strange to say, follow, like a machine line, to pull the head." "

later, not only Greek, Latin, such as France, Russia, Italy, the language of the countries, literature, gu hongming can also do a learning will, comprehend by analogy. It is said that Gu hongming after returning home, in addition to the national language, can still speak nine kinds of words and people to communicate, the foundation is mainly at the University of Edinburgh to lay the study.

"The Analects of Confucius Jishi" There is a cloud: "Mindset only, on also." The person who learns and knows, the same time. The beast is learned, and secondly. The beast is not learned, but the people of the poor. As for the meaning of the word "sleepy", the old note that "there is no way", Mr Qian Mu "experience the plight", gu hongming self-predicate "unbearable". In his later years, he said to people, "in fact, I read the main thing is to adhere to the ' trapped beast and Learn ' method." Over time it is not difficult to master the art of learning, to achieve the ' not also say ' situation. Others only See me learn more, learn fast, they do not know I was in tears for! Some people think that memory is born, good, human memory does have the merits and demerits of the points, but think that memory can not increase is wrong. The more people use it, the more mourning Hall! "Gu Hongming recalled reading the past, can't help but sigh with regret:" Trapped beast but not learning, the people of the next! "(Trillion Wen Jun," Mr. Gu Hongming told me about the past ") then people thought Gu Hongming's knowledge lies in his gifted intelligence, Gu hongming himself is not recognized.

In April 1877, Gu hongming passed examinations of all relevant subjects with excellent results, and was exceptionally successful in the English literature and obtained a master's degree in literature from the University of Edinburgh. This year Gu hongming is only 20 years old.

After graduating from the University of Leipzig, Gu Hongming also went to Paris for a short study of French. Brown also contacted Gu hongming to the University of Paris, with the intention of allowing him to learn some political science. In fact, when Gu Hongming was only 22 years old, he had studied science, literature, philosophy, and was well versed in the languages of various countries. Gu hongming at the University of Paris for the whole semester of lectures and reference books, in addition to the occasional school to some interested in the class, Gu hongming every day to teach his landlady to learn Greek. From the day he first taught him to learn Greek letters, Gu Hongming taught her to recite a few words "the Iliad". His landlady smiled and said, "Your teachings are so fresh that you never heard of them." So, Gu Hongming told her that Brown taught himself to recite Faust and Shakespeare's plays. She said, "Well, I'm going to learn that." "Gu Hongming said:" When you memorize a copy, you will carry two of books, stop can not stop. "

gu Hongming's landlady often came to his room with the Iliad and recited the verses he had learned and asked for his advice. Gu Hongming's teachings were effective, and his landlady made rapid progress in the Greek text. Many guests were surprised to see Gu hongming teach her how to learn Greek differently.

gu hongming later in the late Qing Dynasty Zhili Ling Fupeng said: "Learning English is best like the English teaching children the same school, they learned to recite nursery rhymes, slightly larger to teach recite the Bible, like the Chinese teaching children back classics the same." "From Gu hongming to teach his landlady to learn Greek territory by the pure Greek Enlightenment education." This method at first glance the intensity is big, the difficulty is also big, actually otherwise. If the words are spelled in a simple way by letters, then the learner psychologically produces the wax-isolated sentiment of learning foreign languages. Gu Hongming also taught his landlady a simple Latin in the same way, but only for three or two months.

gu hongming's deep Western qualities were greatly facilitated by the experience of reciting Faust and Shakespeare in childhood. When he later taught English poetry at Peking University, some students asked him to master the Western magic, he replied: "First learned a famous book to do the Foundation." "Gu Hongming once said:" Modern reading in English for ten years, open eyes only can read newspaper, stretch paper only can repair letter, all from the young read a cat a dog style textbook, is to end its body only small. He advocated that the Chinese private school professor Law, in order to open a long time, that is to read classics, especially to recite such as water. "

       

  

Yet his language of learning has no shortcuts---reciting.

gu hongming said:"When you memorize a copy, you have to recite two books, stop can not stop." ”。 Gu Hongming also taught his landlady a simple Latin in the same way, but only for three or two months.
like now, everybody learns English, almost all remember the word, do the problem. For a person who really wants to improve their English and understand culture, what kind of learning method should we take? Is like "Koala Wizard's English study diary" as the beginning of the English word, or like gu hongming learning method?

it is very effective to recite the law. The recitation method is very painful in the front, but it is very effective in learning the language.

Learn German, the last ripe German original "Faust". Learn English, have to recite the "Bible", "Shakespeare" two English original.

Two, is there any effect of reciting method?

reciting is like practicing Qigong, ideation, guidance, meditation-style recitation.

today's experience is reciting, before has been reciting is one of the best ways to learn the language, after reading the article, from another perspective to understand the advantages and disadvantages of reciting method.
at this stage, many students have tried to recite English, there are many people think that the best way to recite, but also some people through the recitation has achieved better results, but not most people. One advantage of being a teacher is that you can observe a larger statistical population (Sample), so you can observe and analyze the percentage of success. Not because a few people recite the success of the promotion of the method of reciting. There are many reasons for the difference in effect, even if the students succeed in this way, the actual situation is not a simple recitation can be explained. Also recite, there are many different ways of reciting, all need to analyze and understand.
first, we put forward that the mastery of language is not a simple mechanical memory in principle, nor is it stored in memory in the brain, it should be a language block in the language area. Simple language element is the way of conditioned reflex, complex and abstract language parts can not be fully regarded as conditioned reflex, but a variety of specific concepts of abstraction, generalization and contact, but are not simple memory. In addition to medical research, it is common practice to observe the same. For example, some people lose their memory, but speak without influence, and do not forget to speak, because the language area is not affected. Who am I in front of Jackie Chan? And the Borne Identity example. Reciting in many fields of study has long been proved to be a very inefficient approach, especially in the mastery of language.
Secondly, Chinese students ' love and recognition of recitation is the result of our Chinese traditional culture, psychology and way of thinking strongly influence. The memory and repetitive learning methods commonly recognized by Chinese classmates are called rote learning, referred to as RL. Western scholars have found that RL is a typical Chinese classmate of language learning concept (Watkins and Biggs 1996). Some scholars think that Asia, especially China, the reason for the formation of recitation is mainly influenced by Confucian culture (Horwitz 1999, Wenden, 1987). In the study of foreign languages, of course, there is also the common belief that recitation is an effective mistaken understanding. Gairns and Redman summarizes the features of the RL memory-learning language:
1, read silently or aloud;
2, write or repeat;
3, make a Word table or memory card so that you can take it out at any time;
4, back typical example sentences;
5, using translation control;
6, the use of detailed definitions and explanations;
7, group, divide the memory;
8, recite the irregular verb table;
in the 2001 British English Teachers Association of English Teaching Academic conference, the Chinese students generally believe that the phenomenon of memory language learning has done a special study. The main means of RL is memory and repetition, not attention to understanding. In the development of science today, many Chinese still believe that this ancient style of education is effective, there is a widespread force and encourage children to recite ancient prose and poetry, such as difficult to understand things. The general understanding is: Childhood first, slow understanding or later will naturally understand, about this error understanding of the memory of our previous paragraph has been analyzed from one side.
the practical analysis of modern language teaching is: the lack of understanding of the RL recitation is no effect. Even if a few people through the recitation made progress, it is not simple mechanical memory, but those in the process of recitation, unconsciously applied other means, and even the memory itself there are many forms and realize that all of us recite, must only a few talent success. We do not do in-depth study of memory here, first look at the few students can improve by reciting the characteristics of classmates:
Case Study: reciting new concepts
at this stage, the most representative of the students have been in the school of traditional English teaching, many have reached the level of English four levels but can not communicate, looking for other classes or self-study. Like many other English teachers, Ben has taught such English classes, the most common is to teach the new concept of English. The most exciting part of new concept English is 96 small stories. On the four level of students, not difficult to find, most of the knowledge of grammar also mastered, and do not have to speak more.
but each time a few months to complete a class, found that the general communication ability to improve very small. Finally, many teachers concluded that the most effective way is to recite the small story of a few students to carry out a lot of text, but in the attempt to similar content of the people who heard the use of the can, some people do not. According to the number of people, the proportion of students who have been significantly improved by reciting is very small.
However, it is very instructive to analyze the characteristics of several students who have successfully used the memory strategy. Their success features are:
1, the use of contact memory: The new content with the previously mastered content, through the storyline memory;
2. Use image and sound memory: Imagine an image or scene; Use drawing to aid understanding; memory sound;
3, to review the use of memory: not in the study, and gradually increase the interval of review;
specifically reflected in the back of the text, not mechanically recite, but according to the English description of the story, on the basis of understanding, Lenovo and thinking about the development of the story and the meaning of the sentence memory. Each time the back comes out, it can be obvious from their expression changes and even emotional ups and downs that their thinking is changing with the story of the back content. Audio learner students generally rely on reciting to improve the proportion of communication, and found that they are by listening to the recording or recite aloud to achieve, feel the end of the brain left a large number of these sentences sound. (Visual learner memory is mostly by reading, recite the general eye to the sky to see and think about the text and the order of the paragraph before and after the habit, some can also back good, flexible application effect is poor).
Although some people improve through memory, but the result of practice is that most people do not recite itself, and not all is the correct way to recite. I have tried to completely abandon the lecture, will recite the text. Results each time is their own back, students will not or next time forget. How to go home not to review? Everyone has to spend their spare time to class, and then how much time to review it? So everyone can try to recite, but try to avoid the above RL phenomenon and use other memory way. If you find that the effect is not strange, the school is less, in addition to the overall recitation is more boring and time-consuming. Children do not need to recite any sentences when they are mastering the language.

of course, the Western way of reciting is a prayer memory method.

So, gu Hongming's recitation method is still used, but we all have boundaries: genius and mortal boundaries, perhaps can master a language, but how many? You have to get ready from the baby.

I have to say a good example of reciting law.

Sheriman---He was the son of a priest, but became a businessman when he grew up. Because of the need of work, he began to learn a foreign language, the first to learn English, and then gradually learned a lot of languages. Sheriman in half a year will learn English, learned to write say and. He then mastered 18 languages, including French, Dutch and Russian.
It took him half a year to learn English at first, but then it took him 6 weeks to learn a foreign language! Its super power and super memory are developed in the process of learning language. Sheriman began to learn a foreign language because of the need for trade, and later found a way to apply it to any language learning. This is "recite and recite".
Sheriman began to study Russian at the age of 24, after learning English, French and Dutch. In the Netherlands, he was able to use three languages, French, Dutch and Russian, and it took him half a year to learn Russian. How did he learn it? I think its learning method is very worthy of people to learn. He has a novel called "The Adventures of Telemachus", which has French and Russian-controlled translations, when his French has been very good. Sheriman two hours a day to read the Adventures of Theseus Telemachus. One of the secrets of memory here is "just read aloud," and for someone to listen to, he hires a poor Jew and pays him 4 francs a week. The Jew is ignorant of Russian, but in order to make money he comes to Sheriman here every day for two heads. Sheriman to him, reading the novel aloud and earnestly.
Why does Sheriman want to do this? Because he took this kind of study as a task, it was the only way to accomplish the task. He created such a scene: The Jew came to his home because he had spent his money, whether he hated it or liked it, he must finish today's task and read aloud. There will be a lot of discoveries in the process of reading so that you can read a book and remember it all. His memory quality is good to about 20 pages of articles just read three times on the almighty remember. The improvement in memory quality is due to the training of hippocampus memory. I hope we can all learn Sheriman learning methods. The memory of the side-head leaves is the 95% wrong learning method.

in order to achieve their goals, Sheriman actually did such an effort.

I would like to write my own story about Sheriman to achieve my goals. In Beijing, there was a student named Toto Chunlu, who came to China for a short year, but when he returned home, he was able to translate the Chinese language. While I have lived in Beijing for 7 years, Chinese proficiency is limited to a few words of daily conversation. The difference between the two of us gave me a great shock.
Later, when I transferred to Songjiang High School, I made up my mind to learn English conversation within a year. I have asked Toto Chunlu how to learn Chinese in one year's events. He showed me a book and said that he had asked the Chinese to read the book, and he had completely memorized the book while he was listening, so that he could say it.

End

recite the apocalypse.

with the handwriting code can, if you can recite the source code, it is easier, you have succeeded half.

  

A study of foreign language learning method of a generation of language master gu hongming--recitation method