The previous chapter describes EOM ( Enterprise Business Model ) It is of great significance in economics, enterprise operation, and enterprise informatization. Starting from today EOM From theoretical analysis EOM And the Analysis of Enterprise Informatization reality. We will follow EOM To analyze the current information situation of Chinese enterprises, so that everyone can gradually understand EOM The relationship with enterprise informatization, realizing EOM What is the impact on enterprise informatization.
China's enterprise informatization has gone through the process from scratch, from small to large, from a single system to a comprehensive system, from a single point to a network, from a simple computer to a manual computer to integrated business development. It plays an increasingly important role in the development of enterprises and the development of China's economy.
The specific work of Enterprise Informatization in China is mainly implemented by the enterprise's own informatization workers, software companies, commercialized software vendors and agents. Software companies, commercialized software vendors, and agents have a significant development momentum.
However, these developments have led us to see many problems.
1 , Overall
Although the State provides strong support for enterprise informatization in terms of policies, industrialization, and standardization, Enterprise Informatization depends on enterprises' understanding and investment in enterprise informatization. The development of enterprise informatization is unbalanced. In general, the development of enterprise informatization in developed areas is relatively adequate, and the development of enterprise informatization in economically backward areas is relatively slow. Large-scale Enterprise Informatization investment is growing rapidly. Small and medium-sized enterprises suffer from problems such as understanding, management, and capital, which leads to slow enterprise informatization development. The whole enterprise informatization seems to be in a market-oriented and disordered development situation. There is no standard to judge the overall development degree of enterprise informatization. We can only say that there is development, but it is difficult to give a scientific definition of what marks development, what stages of development, and what development goals are.
2 , Cross-Industry
Enterprise Informatization has almost no improvement in the Cross-Industry field. Apart from some standardized information issued by the state, all enterprises use the same operating system, database, and office software. Windows Office , Financial software, software controls, almost no system-level application software. Most people think that the product and business and management of different enterprises are too different. They firmly believe that cross-industry applications do not exist. Although they see that the same office software is used across industries. They will argue that office software has nothing to do with the product business, And it handles common things, so it can be shared across industries. Similarly, because finance is a common demand of various enterprises, some commercial financial software has been developed. However, not all enterprises use commercial financial software and some develop themselves, some are included in other application systems. In addition, different financial systems in different industries also lead to the failure of large-scale cross-industry promotion of financial software.
In fact, Enterprise Informatization does not refer to the informatization of a single enterprise. There is also a need for information exchange and sharing between enterprises. The communication and sharing system between enterprises across different industries in China has not yet appeared. In this sense, there is still a long way to go for Enterprise Informatization in China.
3 , Inside the industry
Within an industry, different enterprises often use their own software in terms of business and management. Even if the products and services of the two enterprises are similar or the same, the reasons for different environments, requirements, and differences are different. The two systems are developed from the beginning. Taking the banking industry as an example, it is difficult to find the same system used by the bank and that bank. Even those who insist that their businesses are very different from each other, they do not firmly believe that they must use different systems. Instead, they may use the same system. This expectation for the use of the same system in the same industry proves that the independence of enterprise informatization is very obvious.
Similarly, there is little information exchange and sharing between enterprises in the same industry.
4 , Enterprise
Enterprises are the implementation units of enterprise informatization, and many problems are most directly reflected by enterprises.
1 ) As far as enterprises are concerned, the top managers of enterprises are the first important to understand the informatization of enterprises. This shows two problems. First, if the top managers attach importance to the informatization of enterprises, it indicates that enterprise informatization has a positive impact on business activities. Second, if the top management does not pay attention to it, it means that the top management has not realized the importance of Enterprise Informatization, or the role of enterprise informatization has not yet appeared. The level of understanding of enterprise informatization by top managers determines the degree of enterprise informatization.
2 ) Large enterprises pay more and more attention to enterprise informatization. Long-term enterprise informatization has brought profound changes to enterprises. Therefore, large enterprises are increasing their investment in Enterprise Informatization year by year. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have little influence on Enterprise Informatization due to insufficient capital investment. Therefore, enterprise informatization is progressing slowly. The huge investment in informatization is a constraint that affects the development of enterprise informatization. The huge cost of informatization is largely due to the custom development mode of application systems.
3 ) Many enterprises that have fully developed their informatization have now been faced with structural adjustments. Many application systems have been developed in a short time based on business needs, and enterprises have no overall plan, therefore, duplicate information, repeated functions, overlapping functions, and Information Standardization exist between systems. Many systems include business functions and management functions. The absence of an overall architecture or unscientific architecture is a structural issue of enterprise informatization.
4 ) Many enterprises face the conflict that the demand is increasing and application system development cannot meet. With the development of enterprises, this demand-driven development model will lead to more and more development of application systems. The adoption of customized development requires a lot of people and time. Therefore, this contradiction will become increasingly prominent.
5 ) Enterprise Informatization is closely related to the enterprise's business model and management level. different business models and management modes are also reflected in different needs. Even if the managers of different departments (or different managers of the same department) within an enterprise have different requirements due to different management methods and management levels. These requirements are reflected in the application system, which will make people feel at a loss and increase the variability of the application system.
6 ) The level of enterprise informatization is still in its infancy. Many enterprise management systems are still in the statistical stage of products and services. What is important is product evaluation and design, the establishment of business models and enterprise decision-making are far from being involved.
7 ) In the early stage of informatization, the cost of enterprises is mainly used for equipment and development. As the number of application systems increases, the human and Cost Investment of Enterprises in application systems is increasing, it is foreseeable that in the near future, this proportion will exceed the proportion of application system development.
8 ) Initially, enterprises used their own computer staff to develop various application systems. The requirements and development were the most closely integrated, but development technology, development management, and development costs were not the best. With the development of enterprise informatization and the development of information technology, many enterprises begin to hand over the development of application systems to software companies, and their computer staff have become a bridge between demand and development. Many development jobs no longer depend on the company itself but on the software company. Due to the gap between requirements and development, project development often exceeds the expected development time.
9 ) Modern enterprises not only exchange and share information between different regions, but also exchange and share information between enterprises. However, most enterprises have not made any progress in this area. In addition to some data transmission systems that are mandatory by higher authorities or regulatory authorities.
5 , Application System
From the whole process of application system development, the startup of the application system comes from the requirement. To achieve the requirement with a computer, it is development. This development is called demand-driven custom development mode. The requirements of enterprises are varied, and the demand level is uneven. Statistically speaking, the demand of enterprises is only possible out of the average level. Even if the best technology is used to develop the application system, the average level is adopted. Even application systems cannot adapt to various changes in requirements. Therefore, almost all application systems are constantly modified, upgraded, and maintained as demand changes, the enterprise business department, the enterprise's computer department, and the software company will be bound to this application system for a long time. The effectiveness and cost of the application system are greatly affected.
6 , Software Companies
Software companies are in a sense an extension of the company's computer department in the market. Its industry features are very obvious, and few cross-industry software companies exist. Some software companies only serve one company, but many software companies are mainly engaged in the development of specialized systems in the industry, however, the demand-driven development model will inevitably allow software companies to send people to the site for development. Each system development requires different developers. A large number of developers make software commercialization a dream, this dream remains in the software company. Some software companies try to transform an enterprise's software system into a common product in the industry to reduce development costs and increase the profit margin of software. However, this process is very slow, and many companies can only copy and modify it to reduce development costs.
Depending on the number of developers to develop software, a large amount of labor costs will inevitably increase the software development cost. Developers can only develop software in the simplest and quickest way, so that developers do not have time to optimize technology and accumulate technology. This reduces the value of developers. Some people say that developers are "It Migrant workers in the industry " . Most software companies are in a situation where they can only eat and cannot develop.
7 , Software Technology
In the tide of Enterprise Informatization, software technology has made great strides in development tools and functional controls. For example, Bi Middleware, database, network technology, etc. Its main purpose is to solve the problems of development environment, functions and efficiency. Although some enterprise-level comprehensive solutions have been proposed at home and abroad, such ERP , CRM , HR But there are few success stories about these ideas and products. Even in the case of success, we can only talk about the fact that success is local, case-insensitive, or meaningless. The main reason is that these ideas are formed from the bottom up. They contain many foreign environmental factors and are not comprehensive. Because there is no application-level software product in China to be widely used and used by all enterprises in the industry.
conclusion: the informatization of Chinese enterprises is still in a spontaneous and disordered development state. Few enterprises have an overall informatization architecture, which is demand-driven, custom development, high development costs, low technology, and difficult to take steps to commercialize software. Information exchange and sharing between enterprises in the same industry and between enterprises in different industries have not yet been formed.
in the face of this situation, many people of insight believe that only commercialized software can solve these problems. But how can we commercialize the software? Can commercialization solve the above problems? We will provide our analysis in the following sections.
