About the motherboard

• Motherboard
  • Mainboard,systemboard,mothorboard
  • Generally open structure, there are 6-15 expansion slots, a total PC Peripheral Device Control Card (adapter) plug. By replacing these cards, the corresponding subsystems of the computer can be upgraded locally, allowing manufacturers and users to have greater flexibility in configuring models
• Motherboard structure
  • Kinds
    • At, Baby-at old motherboard structure has been eliminated
    • LPX NLX Flex ATX variants for ATX, foreign brand Machine
    • EATX Watx is used for servers, workstation boards
    • ATX is the most common motherboard structure
    • BTX is Intel's latest generation motherboard architecture
  • Chipset Chipset
    • Is the core part of the motherboard, determine the function of the motherboard
    • According to the arrangement of different locations, divided into North Bridge chip and South Bridge chip
      • North Bridge chip provides support for CPU type and frequency, type of memory and maximum capacity, graphics card slot specifications, ISA/PCI/AGP slots, etc.
      • The South Bridge chip provides support for KBC (Keyboard Control keyboard Controller), RTC (Real-time clock real time controller), USB (Universal Serial Bus), etc.
      • North Bridge Chip plays a leading role, also known as the main Host bridge
  • Expansion slots: Slots on the motherboard for securing the expansion card and connecting it to the system bus
  • Main interface
    • HDD interface: IDE interface, SATA interface, SAS interface, etc.
    • Floppy drive interface: The floppy drive has been phased out.
    • COM interface (serial port): COM1,COM2, for connecting serial mouse and external modem and other devices
    • PS/2 Interface: single function for connecting the keyboard and mouse
      • In general, the mouse interface is green and the keyboard interface is purple
      • After many years of use, the majority of motherboards still configure the interface, but there are fewer mice and keyboards that support the interface
      • Most vendors have more peripheral devices that introduce USB interfaces
    • USB interface
      • Most popular interface with up to 127 peripherals supported
      • 500mA current can be obtained from the motherboard, hot-swappable, truly Plug and play
    • LPT interface (common port): typically used to connect a printer or scanner
  • Motherboard plane
    • Four-layer or six-layer board
      • Four-layer board: Main signal layer, ground plane, power layer, secondary signal layer
      • Six-layer board: + auxiliary power layer, medium signal layer
      • Six-layer plate anti-electromagnetic interference ability stronger, motherboard more stable
• Working principle
  • Under the circuit board, there are 4 layers of electrical wiring, on the above, there is a clear division of the various components: slots, chips, resistors, capacitors, etc.
  • When the host power is on, the current is instantaneous through the CPU, the north-south bridge chip, the memory slot, the AGP slot, the PCI slot, the IDE connection and the motherboard edge serial port, the port, the PS/2 interface, etc.
  • The motherboard then identifies the hardware based on the BIOS (basic input and output system) and enters the operating system to perform the function of supporting the system platform.

About the motherboard