An in-depth explanation of Linux system Fundamentals

First, the system operating principle 1, memory Running Program: part of the BIOS mapping, part of the kernel, 2, Shell: and Computer Interaction (GUI: Graphical interface and CLI: command line); 3. Kernel functions: Process management, memory management, file system, network function, hardware drive, security mechanism. Second, the history of Linux 1, the world's first computer, the most

First, the system operating principle

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1, Memory Running Program: part of the BIOS mapping, part of the kernel;

2, Shell: and Computer Interaction (GUI: Graphical interface and CLI: command line);

3, kernel function: Process management, memory management, file system, network function, hardware drive, security mechanism.

Ii. History of Linux

1, the world's first computer, the most original output device is the use of perforated paper tape, and at this time the CPU data is wasted a lot of time;

2, batch processing, the use of tape drives as storage, for example, jobs1$$$$$$$$$ $jobs 2 after the execution of Job1 after the execution of JOB2, but how to make the CPU as fast as possible to perform the work?

3, 3 companies in the United States began to study

A) GE General Electric, T-Bell Laboratory, MIT-MIT systems developed;

b) At this time, the use of assembly language development, on the mainframe platform, the development of a multi-tasking multics system. These researchers then continued to study, but lost the target, and GE and Bell withdrew from research and development;

c) There is a developer called Ken, with the Multics system developed a space travel game, after the leader to apply for the host to continue to develop the game, because the host price was not approved. Ken came down to the Bell laboratory, found the eliminated PDP7 (DEC:PDP, VAX) minicomputer (then the most popular is PDP-11) unsanitary environment, then Ken developed a system to run space travel game UNICs;

D) Ken and his colleagues use the high-level language to transplant the kernel, then the B language was born, after improved C language was born, re-wrote the UNICs system;

e) The United States antitrust law then stipulates that Bell prohibits the sale of products other than telephones and telegrams, and later UNICs had to be free to open the study more and more people.

4, US DEC company Research and Development

a) pdp-11.pdf-7;

b) Vaxàvms system à was acquired by cp/m (Compaq);

c) After Dec was acquired by Cp/m, DEC's VMS team was purchased by Microsoft and developed Windows NT Server on the basis of VMS;

5. Bill Joy founded

A) BSRG group was established: BSD (Berkeley System distribution) began to sell;

b) Bell Lab: Seeing Bill Joy selling, very jealous also began to sell (very expensive), and later with Bill Joy lawsuit (10 years).

6. The birth of Microsoft Company

A) to do compiler origin, a programmer to imitate cp/m developed a small system, after being bought out by gates slightly changed, renamed to DOS system.

7. Jobs Ltd.

A) Jobs ' most admired was Alain Mai, who was condemned by society, who ate an apple that had been coated with a "* * * * * * *, and then the product logo of Steve Jobs was a bitten apple."

8, Xeror (Xerox Company):

A) Park laboratory: Research The world's first mouse, Xerox Company does not agree to sell the mouse;

b) It was later discovered by Steve Jobs that he purchased a mouse and studied another mouse. After Mr Gates approached Steve Jobs, he studied the Windows1.0;

9, Sun Company

A) development of sun Microsystem;

b) After the development of Solaris (only for Sun products) Àsun was acquired by Orcel;

10. Andrew

A) in order to teach Andrew to develop Minixà later students write a lot of hardware drivers, but Andrew does not allow to write into the Minix;

b) Students Linus re-write the system, free public, researchers can Linus kernel arbitrary changes, only need to have feedback on the line, from the Linux popular.

11, Stallman

A) Stallman that the program is the whole of mankind, the software is global public. He lifted the Freedom Banner and set up a specialized organization called gun (gun is not Unix). The manifesto is gpl:general public License, which has contributed to global support. Emacs (text editor) and GCC (GNU C complier) were born, but must run under UNIX, Stallman organization needs a kernel, after encountering Linus, Linus provides the kernel. Linus then ported bash through GCC compilation (Linux is just the kernel).

12. GPL declaration

A) All people who develop the UNIX kernel must follow the GPL declaration. The GPL Àgplv2àgplv3 was later improved due to some security reasons;

Third, global Unix/linux

1, the completion of the term is gnu/linux;

2, both the gun and Linux are source code cà compiled into binary to run on the computer;

3, third-party organizations to write source code (are packaging Publishers (release), added their own understanding of Linux):

A) RedHat (Central America), RedHat developed the source format rpm;

b) SLS;

c) Debianà is not subject to commercial control and is used by advanced users. Debian-developed source format DPT;

d) SuSE (European countries) Ànovell acquisition of SuSE (Netware), opensus;

e) Ubuntu: Based on the Debian release à based Ubuntu release mint;

f) Centos:communityenterprise OS;

4: Open source code;

Freedom: Free access, free modification, free learning;

5, Linux kernel version: 0.1 1.0 2.0, 2.2 2.4. 2.6 3.0 3.7 3.14

Rhel Core: 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

6. Unix:

FreeBSD (dedicated to running on PC)

OpenBSD (dedicated to safety)

NetBSD (dedicated to service).

An in-depth explanation of Linux system Fundamentals