Analysis of core cloud computing technologies Mini Book Four-four modes of Cloud

 

Although cloud computing is relatively simple from the perspective of technology or architecture, in actual situations, it will become a different model to adapt to different user needs. In this well-known document on the concept of cloud computing by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Institute of Technology, four cloud modes are defined: public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and industry cloud. Next, we will introduce in detail the concepts, construction methods, advantages, shortcomings, and future prospects of each model.

 

2.2.1 public cloud

Public cloud is now the most popular cloud computing model. It is a public cloud service that supports a large number of requests, and its cost is low due to its advantages in scale. Public clouds run by cloud providers to provide end users with a variety of IT resources. Cloud providers are responsible for security, management, deployment and maintenance of IT resources, from applications and software operating environments to physical infrastructure. When using IT resources, users only need to pay for the resources they use, without any upfront investment. Therefore, it is very economical and in the public cloud, users do not know which other users share and use resources with them, how the entire platform is implemented, or even the actual physical facilities cannot be controlled, therefore, cloud service providers can ensure that the resources they provide have non-functional requirements such as security and reliability.

Many it giants have launched their own public cloud services, including Amazon's AWS, Microsoft's Windows azure platform, Google's Google Apps and Google App Engine, some famous VPs and IDC vendors have also launched their own public cloud services, such as rackspace's rackspace cloud and the cloudex cloud Express Line of century internet in China.

1. Build Method

Currently, there are three main methods for building. One is to build on its own: cloud suppliers use their excellent engineer teams and open-source software resources to buy a large number of parts to build servers, operating systems, and even the entire cloud computing center. The advantage of building on its own is that it can optimize its own needs to the maximum extent, but it requires a very professional engineer team. Therefore, there is only one company in the industry to do this. Second, joint construction: when building a cloud supplier, it selects commercial products on some hardware and software, while others choose self-built products. The advantage of joint construction is to avoid your team from getting involved in unfamiliar areas, while Boldly Innovating in the areas you are good. The most obvious example is Microsoft. In terms of hardware, it does not choose to build itself as Google does, but purchases HP and Dell servers, but chooses independent R & D in the software it is good, for example, Windows Server 2008, IIS server, and.. NET Framework. The third is to purchase commercial solutions. Some cloud providers lack technical accumulation before building the cloud, so they will purchase mature commercial solutions securely. In this way, although it is difficult to improve the competitiveness of cloud providers to purchase commercial solutions, it is more secure than the first two construction methods in terms of risks. In this regard, Wuxi's cloud computing center is a good example. Since Wuxi purchased the IBM Blue cloud computing solution, it was able to open public cloud services to its entire high-tech campus in about half a year. Before that, wuxi basically has no technical reserves related to cloud computing.

2. Advantages

Public clouds have their advantages in many aspects. The following are four aspects.

1. Large scale. Because of the openness of the public cloud, it can gather a large amount of work load from the whole society, resulting in a huge scale effect. For example, it can reduce the running cost of each load or optimize a large amount of work load.
2. Low Price. For users, the public cloud is fully on-demand and requires no upfront investment. Therefore, compared with other models, the public cloud has great advantages in terms of initial costs. As mentioned above, as the public cloud grows, it will not only benefit cloud providers, but also reduce user spending accordingly.
3. Flexible. For users, the public cloud is almost unlimited in terms of capacity. Even if the amount of user demand is almost crazy, the public cloud can quickly meet the needs.
4. Comprehensive functions. The public cloud is rich in functions. For example, it supports multiple mainstream operating systems and thousands of applications.

3. Deficiencies

In addition, public cloud also has some shortcomings.

• Lack of trust. Although the public cloud has good support in terms of security technology, the Enterprise will inevitably worry about data security because the data stored in the public cloud is not local to the Enterprise.
• Legacy environments are not supported. Currently, the public cloud technology is basically based on the X86 architecture and generally focuses on Linux or windows in the operating system. Therefore, it is not well supported in most legacy environments, for example, a mainframe-based COBOL application.

4. Future Prospects

Because of its advantages in scale and functions, the public cloud will be welcomed by the vast majority of users. In the long term, the public cloud will undoubtedly become the most mainstream or even the only model of cloud computing like the public power plant, because the potential in terms of scale, price, and functionality is too great. However, in the short term, the lack of trust and legacy aspects will reduce the attractiveness of Public clouds to enterprises, especially large enterprises.

 

2.2.2 private cloud

With regard to cloud computing, most people talk about public clouds represented by Amazon EC2 and Google App Engine, but for many large and medium-sized enterprises, due to many restrictions and terms, it is difficult for them to use public cloud technology on a large scale in a short period of time, but they also look forward to the convenience brought by the cloud, so they lead to the private cloud as a cloud computing model. Private clouds are mainly used to provide cloud services within an enterprise. They are not open to the public and work in the enterprise's firewall. In addition, enterprise IT personnel can effectively control their data, security, and service quality. Compared with traditional enterprise data centers, private cloud can support dynamic and flexible infrastructure, reduce the complexity of IT architecture, and enable the integration and standardization of various IT resources.

In the private cloud industry, there are two major alliances: one is IBM and its partners. The main promotion solutions include IBM Blue cloud and IBM cloudburst; the second is the VCE alliance composed of VMware, Cisco, and EMC, which focuses on Cisco UCs and vblock. In practice, the private cloud that has been successfully built includes the Sinochem cloud computing center using IBM Blue cloud technology and the tutor Perini cloud computing center using Cisco UCOS technology.

1. Build Method

You can create a private cloud in two ways. First, it is built on its own and integrated existing hardware into a cloud by using software such as enomaly and eucalyptus. This is suitable for enterprises that have low budgets or want to reuse existing hardware. Second, purchase commercial solutions. By purchasing Cisco's UCs and IBM's blue cloud solutions, this is suitable for powerful enterprises and organizations.

2. Advantages

Because private cloud is mainly running inside the enterprise data center and managed by the IT team of the enterprise, this mode is outstanding in the following five aspects.

1. Data security. Although each public cloud supplier claims that its services are extremely secure in all aspects, especially in data management, for enterprises, especially large enterprises, business-related data is its lifeline and cannot be threatened or infringed in any form. It also needs to strictly control and monitor the storage methods and locations of such data. In the short term, large enterprises will not deploy their key applications on the public cloud. Private cloud is very advantageous in this regard, because it is generally built in a firewall, enterprises will be more assured.
2. Service quality (SLA ). Because Private clouds are generally within an enterprise, rather than in a distant data center, the service quality of company employees should be very stable when they access private cloud-based applications, it is not affected by remote network exceptions.
3. Make full use of existing hardware resources. Every company, especially a large company, has many low-utilization hardware resources, which can be reactivated by some private cloud solutions or related software ".
4. Supports customization and legacy applications. Currently, public clouds support mainstream applications and x86 applications, which may be helpless for some highly customized applications and legacy applications, however, these applications are often the core applications of an enterprise, such as those on the mainframe and UNIX platforms. At this moment, private cloud is a good choice.
5. It does not affect the existing IT management process. For large enterprises, the process is the core of their management. If there is no complete process, the Enterprise will become scattered. The actual situation is that there are not only a lot of internal business-related processes, but also a lot of IT department's own processes, and most of them are indispensable, such as those related to Sarbanes-Oxley. In this regard, Private clouds are much more adaptive than public clouds, because it departments have full control over private clouds, so they have the ability to better integrate Private clouds with existing processes than public clouds.

3. Deficiencies

In addition, private cloud has its own shortcomings, mainly because of high costs. Because building private clouds requires a high initial cost, especially when purchasing solutions from large manufacturers, the second reason is that you need to maintain a professional cloud computing team within the enterprise, therefore, the cost of continuous operation is also high.

4. Future Prospects

In the future, private cloud will become the most recognized cloud model for large and medium-sized enterprises in a long time. It will greatly enhance the IT capability within the enterprise and enable the entire IT service to expand around the business, to better serve the business.

 

2.2.3 hybrid cloud

Although hybrid clouds are not as common as Public and Private clouds, similar products and services have emerged. As the name suggests, hybrid cloud combines Public and Private clouds, that is, it balances the privacy of Private clouds with the flexibility and low cost of public clouds. For example, enterprises can deploy non-critical applications on the public cloud to reduce costs, and deploy core applications with high security requirements and critical requirements on the private cloud.

Currently, there are few examples of hybrid clouds. Amazon VPC (Virtual Private cloud) and VMWare vcloud are the most relevant. For example, the Amazon VPC service can connect some of Amazon EC2's computing capabilities to the enterprise's firewall.

1. Build Method

Hybrid cloud can be built in two ways. One is the data center of outsourcing enterprises. An enterprise builds a data center, but the specific maintenance and management work is outsourced to professional cloud providers, or professional cloud providers are invited to build a cloud computing center exclusively for the enterprise in the factory area, and is responsible for future maintenance after completion. The second is to purchase private cloud services. By purchasing private cloud services from cloud providers such as Amazon, you can add some public clouds to the enterprise's firewall and isolate these computing resources from other public cloud resources, at the same time, it can gain great control and save the trouble of maintenance.

2. Advantages

By using hybrid cloud, enterprises can enjoy the privacy close to private cloud and close to the cost of public cloud. In addition, they can quickly access a large number of computing capabilities located in public cloud to meet their needs.

3. Deficiencies

Currently, there are few available hybrid cloud products, and the private cloud is not as good as the private cloud, and the cost is not as low as the public cloud, and the operations are complicated.

4. Future Prospects

Hybrid cloud is suitable for enterprises that want to learn about cloud computing and enterprises that are reluctant to migrate their IT businesses to public clouds in the face of sudden traffic spikes. Although hybrid cloud is not a long-term solution, it should have some market space and some vendors will launch similar products.

 

2.2.4 industry cloud

Although industry clouds are rarely mentioned, they have some potential. They mainly refer to clouds designed specifically for the business of a specific industry and are open to multiple enterprises in the same industry.

Although there is no mature example of the industry cloud, the grand open platform has the potential of the industry cloud because it can share its entire cloud platform with multiple small game development teams, in this way, these small teams only need to be responsible for the creativity and development of the game, and other complicated O & M related to the game can be transferred to Shanda Open Platform for responsibility.

1. Build Method

There are two main ways to build industry clouds. One is to build it on its own: A Leading Enterprise in an industry independently creates an industry cloud and shares it with other companies in the same industry. Second, joint construction: multiple enterprises of the same type can jointly build and share a cloud computing center, or invite external vendors to participate.

2. Advantages

It can optimize the business of the industry. Compared with other cloud computing models, this not only facilitates users, but also further reduces costs.

3. Deficiencies

The disadvantage is that it only supports a certain industry and the construction cost is high.

4. Future Prospects

Industry clouds are ideal for industries with similar business needs and high cost concerns. Although there are no good examples yet, they should be attractive to some industries, such as the game industry mentioned above.