Analysis on the usage of "such as, for example, e.g., I. e., Etc., et al ."

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In English papers"Such as, for example, e.g., I. e., Etc., et al ."Usage Analysis

Huang longwang, Han Zhong

(Editorial department, Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China)

Editing and processing of English papers,Often encounterSuch as, for example, e. g., I. e., etc.AndEt al.. Here,Give an example to analyze the meaning of these words,And describe its correct usage.

1)Such.Examples of similar people or things are often listed.

The typical expression isA Plural + such as + single instance (s) of the group to which the plural refers.

Which of the following statements is correct?: The Arts Faculty deals only with humanities subjects such as history and literature.

Obfuscation is: The Science Faculty deals only with the measurable such as physics and seismology.

This paper often appearsSuchAndAnd so onOrEtc.Used,This is incorrect.

① For example It is noted that the features such as clean cut ratio denotedRC, die roll height denotedHDr and die roll width denotedWDr, and so on (Some appearEtc.), are better than the ones with the other models.

Should be It is noted that the features, such as clean cut ratio denotedRC, die roll height denotedHDr and die roll width denotedWDr, are better than the ones with the other models.

When usingSuchHour,The reader understands that the following is an incomplete list.,Therefore, you do not need to addAnd so onOr Etc..

② Because Such Lists the plural nouns. , If all,UseNamely , "That is ".ArticleThe He knows four ages, such as Chinese, English, Japanese and German, Should Such Change Namely ( Or I. e .) And followed by a comma , That is He knows four ages, namely, Chinese, English, Japanese and German.

③ UseSuchTo describe plural nouns(The plural)Can be placed inSuchAndAsIntermediate,It is usually inserted between the listed objects and the previous nouns.

2)For example. For example,Examples of introducing general concepts,Use rangeSuchFree. Can appear at the beginning, end, or sometimes as an independent language,Inserting sentences,It does not affect the Syntactic Relationship of other parts of a sentence.

For example, Cryptography operations, for example, decryption or signing, in a given period only involve the corresponding Temporary secret key without further access to the helper.

SimilarlyFor example (e. g .)General examples,Not including all instances,It already contains "and so on",If you addEtc.OrAnd so on,Just draw a snake.

For example, this sentence in the paper is inappropriate.: Writing instructors focus on a number of complex skills that require extensive practice (e. g., organization, clear expression, logical thinking, etc.Which of the following statements is true?E. g., organization, clear expression, and logical thinking.

3)E. g.. Is LatinExempli gratiaAbbreviation,This is an example.,For example",Equivalent to"For example",The purpose is to give an example to illustrate the previous point of view.,Usage andFor exampleSame.

4) I. e. . Latin , Yes id est . It means "that , In other words," , equivalent to" that is, in other words "and" namely " , the purpose is to further explain the above points.

Which of the following statements is true?Use a comma to enclose (I. e., both before and after) the year in a month day year sequence.This sentence appears in the articleThe evaluation noted that the employee had frequently exhibited irresponsible behavior (I. e., coming to work late, failing to complete projects ),The"E. g."Instead of"I. e.",Because the insert statement isIrresponsible behavior.

5) etc.. YesEt ceteraAbbreviation,It means "wait",Equivalent to"And so on". Used to list objects,To list people,RequiredEt al.Or useAnd others.

6) et al. . It is short for Chinese characters. The first is et alibi ( and other places ), equivalent to and elsewhere; the second is et alii ( and others ), equivalent to and others .