ASP Beginners: Teach you to use SQL statements

sql| Beginners | statement

There are so many different SQL products that you may have to do before you throw away your sleeves. But you can get dizzy if you want to use both ASP and SQL at the same time. MySQL, SQL Server, and msql are excellent SQL tools, but unfortunately you don't need them to create a useful SQL statement in an ASP environment. However, you can take advantage of your knowledge of access and the corresponding access skills, plus our tips and tricks, and believe that you will be able to successfully add SQL to your ASP pages.

　　1. SELECT statement

In the SQL world, the most fundamental operation is the SELECT statement. Many people will be familiar with the following when using SQL directly under Database Tools:

SELECT What from whichtable WHERE criteria

Executing the above statement creates a query that holds its results.

In the ASP page file, you can also use the above general syntax, but the situation is slightly different, ASP programming, the contents of the SELECT statement to be assigned as a string to a variable:

SQL = "Select what from whichtable WHERE criteria"

OK, understand the ASP under the SQL "speak" way, then follow the same pattern, as long as you meet your needs, the traditional SQL query mode and conditional query can be useful.

For example, suppose you have a data table in your database, the name is products, and now you want to take out all the records in the list. Then you write the following code:

SQL = "SELECT * FROM Products"

The function of the above code--SQL statement is to take out all the data in the table--after execution, all the records in the datasheet will be selected. However, if you only want to remove a specific column from the table, such as P_name. Then you can't use the * wildcard character, you have to type the name of a specific column, the code is as follows:

SQL = "Select P_name from Products"

After executing the above query, the contents of the Products table and the P_name column will be all selected.

　　2. Set query conditions with WHERE clause

Sometimes taking out all of the database records may be exactly what you want, but in most cases we usually just have to get some records. So how do you design the query? Of course it will be a bit more brain, and this article also deliberately do not want to let you use that what them recordset.

For example, if you're only going to take out P_name records, and the names of those records must start with the letter W, you'll need to use the following WHERE clause:

SQL = "Select P_name from the products WHERE p_name like ' w% '"

Where keywords are followed by the conditions used to filter the data, and with the help of these conditions, only data that satisfies a certain standard will be queried. In the above example, the result of the query will only get the P_name record with the first name in W.

In the example above, the percent sign (%) means that the query returns a record entry that starts with all the W letters and is followed by any data or even no data. Therefore, in the execution of the above query, West and Willow will be selected from the Products table and stored in the query.

As you can see, as long as you carefully design the SELECT statement, you will be able to limit the amount of information returned in the recordset, and think about how it always satisfies your requirements.

These are just the beginning of mastering the SQL use. To help you learn more about the use of complex SELECT statements, let's take a look at the key standard terms: comparison operators, which are often used when you build your own select string to get specific data.

WHERE clause basics

The simplest way to start creating a WHERE clause is to use the standard comparison notation, which is <, <=, >, >=, <>, and =. Obviously, you will soon be able to understand the meaning of the following code and the specific results of the operation:

SELECT * FROM Products WHERE P_price >= 199.95
SELECT * FROM Products WHERE P_price <> 19.95
SELECT * from the products WHERE p_version = ' 4 '

Note: Here you will notice that the number 4 in the last example is surrounded by single quotes. The reason is that, in this example, ' 4 ' is a literal type, not a numeric type. Because you put the SELECT statement in quotes to assign it as a value to the variable, you can also use quotes in the statement.

Comparison operators

The comparison operator specifies the range of content from which the data is fetched. You can use them to create filters to narrow the recordset so that it saves only the information you care about under a given task.

　　3. Like, not and BETWEEN

You've seen the use of like in the example above where you've taken the W-heading record. The like decision word is a very useful symbol. However, in many cases it may give you too much data, so it's a good idea to think about what data you want to get before you use it. Suppose you want to take out a 5-digit SKU number, and it starts with 1 at the end of 5, you can use the caret (_) instead of the% symbol:

SQL = "SELECT * WHERE p_sku like ' 1___5 '"

The following stroke denotes any one character. So in the case of the input "1 _ _ _ 5", your search will be limited to the 5-digit range that meets the specific pattern.

If you want to do the opposite, find all SKU entries that do not match the "1_ _ 5" mode. Then you just need to add not to the like in the example in the statement just now.

BETWEEN

If you want to take out a range of data, and you know the starting and ending points of the range, then you might as well use a between judgment word. Now let's assume that you want to select a record within a given table that ranges between 1 and 10. You can use between as follows:

... WHERE ID BETWEEN 1 and 10

Or you can use the already familiar mathematical judgment words:

... WHERE ID >= 1 and ID >= 10

　　4. Joint statements

The SQL statements we've talked about so far are relatively simple, and if you can go through a standard recordset loop query, these statements can also meet some more complex requirements. But why do we have to stick to the basic standards of taste? You can add additional symbols, such as and, or, and not to accomplish more powerful functions.

Take the following SQL statement as an example:

SQL = "Select C_firstname, C_lastname, c_email from customers WHERE C_email is
Not NULL and c_purchase = ' 1 ' OR c_purchase = ' 2 ' and c_lastname like
' a% '.

As for your current knowledge of SQL, the above examples are not difficult to explain, but the above statement does not make it very clear to see how the conditional words are glued to a single SQL statement.

Multi-line statement

When the SQL statement is not understood, you might as well break the whole statement into multiple lines of code, and then incrementally add the parts of the query statement to the same variable based on the existing variables:

SQL = "Select C_firstname, C_lastname, c_emailaddress, C_phone"
sql = SQL & "from customers"
sql = SQL & "WHERE c_firstname like ' a% ' and c_emailaddress not NULL"
sql = SQL & "ORDER by C_lastname, C_firstname"

In the last sentence, the SQL variable contains the following complete SELECT statement:

"Select C_firstname, C_lastname, C_emailaddress, C_phone from Customers
WHERE c_firstname like ' a% ' and c_emailaddress NO NULL order by C_lastname,
C_firstname "

The whole sentence according to the decomposition after the obvious good read much! When you are debugging, you may be more willing to knock a few more characters to change the program to read better. Keep in mind, however, that you need to add more space before closing the quotes or after opening the quotes so that you don't get a few words together when the strings are connected.

　　5. Commencement of implementation

After learning the structure and use of a SELECT statement, you should learn how to use it. Under the database tools you have, this may mean that you have to press a button that says "execute." On an ASP Web page, you can execute an SQL statement immediately or as a stored procedure call.

Once you have created the SQL statement, you must also try to access its query results. Obviously, the key here is the ASP recordset. When you use a non-SQL Recordset, the code that creates the recordset is usually as follows:

Dim Objrec
Set Objrec = Server.CreateObject ("ADODB. Recordset ")
Objrec.open "Customers", objconn, 0, 1, 2

If you are familiar with the above code for ASP is not unfamiliar to you, you should know that "customers" means you open a database in the name of a datasheet.

Open recordset

To make the most of your familiar SQL skills, you need to adjust the most commonly used recordset on a regular ASP page:

Dim Objrec
Set Objrec = Server.CreateObject ("ADODB. Recordset ")
Objrec.open SQL, objconn, 0, 1, 2

The only modification here is the Objrec.open, which replaces the name of the datasheet to be queried with a variable containing the SQL statement.

One of the advantages of this approach is that you can specify the cursor type (as shown in 0, 1, 2 above).

Execute SQL

You can use a compact line of code to execute SQL statements to create a recordset. Here's the syntax:

Dim Objrec
Set Objrec = objConn.Execute (SQL)

In the example above, the SQL you see is the variable that holds your own SQL SELECT statement. The code line "runs" the SQL statement (or queries the database), selects the data and stores the data in the recordset, in the case of the variable Objrec. The main disadvantage of this approach is that you can't choose the type of cursor you want to use. Instead, the recordset is always opened with a forward cursor.

Because of the cursor, you might want to familiarize yourself with two methods of creating a recordset. Executing a query directly saves the time it takes to type a character, but in that case you have to use the default cursor, which is likely to encounter problems that are often not functioning properly. Whichever way you use it, the biggest difference between the two is nothing more than code refinement. Without considering what fields you get, what your criteria are, and how you store the data, the SQL Recordset will be much smaller in volume than the standard recordset opened on the ASP, let alone the simplicity of the operation. After all, by filtering the data, you eliminate time-consuming if-then tests and possible loops.

Writing tests with SQL

Here's a tip that many professional ASP programmers are accustomed to "write" their own SQL statements when testing a Web page. Doing so can help you debug your code, because you can see the string passed to the server for execution. And all you have to do is increase the response.writeyourvariable to display the information on the screen. You should attach this information when you submit an SQL-related issue to an ASP discussion group.

　　6. Store the query

When your query is relatively simple, it doesn't take much time to create SQL statements from scratch, but complex queries are different, and there are many development errors from scratch each time. So, once you have SQL running smoothly, you'd better save them and call them when you need them. In this way, even a simple query you can always use the stored query statement.

Let's say you have a weekly report to the team, pointing out the current business support issues that need to be selected from your database, and to select records by date, and sort by the category of support issues that your team uses. Once you have designed this query, why should you rewrite it every week? Instead of creating a query on your HTML page, you should create a query with your database tools and save it.

You can then insert the query into your ASP page using the ActiveCommand attribute. The first one or two of the time you might think it's no fun, but it's just a few lines of code:

Set objsq = Server.CreateObject ("Adodb.command")
Objsq.activeconnection = "DatabaseName"

Objsq.commandtext = "Storedqueryname"
Objsq.commandtype = adCmdStoredProc

Set Objrec = Objsq.execute

Note that using adCmdStoredProc means that you have included Adovbs.inc files on the page. This file defines the access constants that you can access by name rather than by number. Just include the file on the page (<!--#INCLUDE-->), and then you can use adCmdStoredProc names. This will make it easier to understand what the above stored query means in the future when you see it.

　　7. ORDER BY

Selecting records from an Access database is one of the most frustrating things, in what order they are entered in the database. Even if you use sort by to change the view of a record in an access environment, the order of records in the datasheet does not change.

If you're using Asprecordset to write records on a Web page, you probably know how painful the order of jumbled is. But you may have to face the problem often, because there is no simple and easy solution. The good news is that the order by can simplify the puzzle.

To sort your results, simply add an order by to the end of the SELECT statement, and then specify the reference columns you want to sort. Therefore, if you want to sort the Customers table according to the customer's last name, you can write the following query statement:

SQL = "Select C_lastname, C_firstname, c_email from Customers order by C_lastname"

So, as soon as you set up the recordset and start writing the results to the screen, you'll see that the data is sorted in alphabetical order.

　　8. Multilevel sorting

In fact, not only can the SQL statements in the first order. In fact, in many cases, you might want to specify two to three levels of data ordering. Suppose you have the following data table, which reads as follows:

The previously used single order by sort takes out data in the following sequence:

Absurdly assured
Absurd@assured.com

Absolutely assured
Absolutely@assured.com

Crazed coder
Crazy@coder.net

Loosely Fringe
Loose@fringe.to

Lunatic Fringe
Lune@fringe.to

Hands on
hands@yes.org

Obviously The order is acting as it should. Under the actual table structure, the absurdly assured is the last entry, but it is ranked at the top of the search results. Hands on record last because O is at the end of the alphabet in the list above. Obviously, the absolutely is best ranked before absurdly by the alphabet. To do this, you need to take the 2nd level order by sort criteria and refer to column 2nd:

SQL = "Select C_lastname, C_firstname, c_email from Customers
C_lastname, C_firstname "

The results are sorted first by the c_lastname column and then by the c_firstname column. If your datasheet contains more records, careful design of the sort will make the output layout more reasonable.

9. Put into use

If you like most programmers, you love to make your own code and indulge in the frenzy of mastering new technology. Why don't you try the SQL code from an ASP's lengthy code? Here we will discuss the common problems of ASP programming and how to make efficient use of SQL statements in ASP.

　　10. Record statistics

It is not difficult to determine how many records are in a database, or how many records meet certain standards. If you use the correct cursor type, you can use the RecordCount property to get the number of records, of course, with the recordset. But there's a simpler way to do this is to take count (*) in your own SELECT statement, and the code looks like this:

SQL = "SELECT count (*) from Customers"

Or

SQL = "SELECT count (*) from Customers WHERE c_lastname like ' a% '"

For example, the following code selects some records and the total number of these records:

SQL = "Select C_firstname, C_lastname, COUNT (*) from Customers WHERE c_lastname like ' a% '"

But you can't achieve your purpose. The "Count" function here is actually an aggregate function, meaning to return only one line of information: Answer the question you asked. For the 1th SELECT statement, the question is "how many records are there in the Customer table?" "The query returns a single value as a response, so it cannot be combined with your regular queries." If you want to get other data, you need to use RecordCount.

Aggregate functions include AVG, MIN, Max, and sum, in addition to count.

　　11. Connection

Anyone familiar with SQL and relational databases has encountered a large number of connection types. In the simplest sense, a join (join) combines the contents of two tables into a single virtual table or recordset. If the data table is effectively regulated, you may often select specific information from one table and then select the associated information from another table. This requires a simple "equivalent connection (equijoin)".

To understand the actual connection operation, let's now assume that there are records of some kind of software stored in a database. A table (Software) contains the name of the SOFTWARE product, the version of the software, and other relevant details:

The other table (releases) stores information about the history of the software release, including the release date and publication status (such as beta, current, obsolete, and so on):

The table also contains a column that points to the ID number taken in the Software table. So, by the way you index the software table, you know that the software that software_id equals 2 in the publishing table is Rome.

You use a combination of connections so that you don't have to toss back and forth between the two tables. However, in addition to the combination of information, you can merge related information through a connection. In this way, as soon as the software_id in the publication table matches the IDs in the software table, you put the matching information together in a record.

The code is as follows:

SQL = "SELECT * from Software, releases where software.id = Releases.softwareid"

With a careful analysis of the above statements, first notice that two tables are listed behind from. Depending on the connection you are using, you may also find that the syntax changes (or the type of connection varies) in the future, but the above syntax is the most basic and shows how the data is combined. The where clause here is used to compare a specific ID value. In the Software table, an ID column exists. Similarly, there is a software_id column in thereleases table. To clarify the value you want to compare in the where clause, you prefix with the table name followed by a dot number (.).

The following is the result of the connection selection data:

　　Note: When creating a connection, you should carefully consider the column that selects the data. The above code uses the * wildcard character to keep the reader focused on other parts of the SELECT line of code. However, as you can see from the above figure, you cannot select the softwareid column because the column has no added value as part of the recordset. Its function is to use the WHERE clause.