Basic Environment and services after 10 Gb of Oracle Database Installation

The basic environment after Oracle Installation mainly involvesProgramGroups, physical files contained in DBMS, services related to database servers, Oracle default account/password, and commands that can be used in the MS-DOS command line.

Understanding and understanding these basic environments is very important for correct use and in-depth understanding of Oracle technology.

1. Installed Program Group
Oracle Database 10g installed program group Oracle-OraDb10g _ home1 includes:
· Oracle Installation Products
· Integrated management tools
· Configure and port tools
· Application Development
(1) Oracle Installation Products
It mainly includes:
· Universal Installer: Universal Installer
· General Installer concept Guide
(2) Integrated management tools
It mainly includes:
· Oracle Directory Manager: a Java-based management tool used to manage Oracle Internet directory.
· Wallet MANAGER: the wallet manager can create an encrypted Oracle wallet to enhance its security.
(3) configure and transplant tools
· Administration assistant for Windows: it can be used to manage database instances and administrator roles.
· Database Configuration ASSISTANT: Database Configuration assistant. It can create databases, configure Database options in existing databases, delete databases, and manage database templates.
· Database Upgrade ASSISTANT: database update Assistant, which helps you upgrade your local database.
· Locale builder: Oracle locale builder is a convenient tool for customizing local data definitions. You can use this tool to view the creation language, Character Set, and so on. Main functions include: Language settings, Region settings, Character Set settings, and syntax settings.
· Microsoft ODBC Administrator: the ODBC data source Manager.
· Net configuration ASSISTANT: network configuration assistant. You can use this assistant to configure listeners, naming methods, and local net service names. It is a required connection Configuration tool for Oracle network connection.
· Net manager: this tool can be used for network configuration, such as database identification service configuration, naming method configuration, and listener creation and configuration. This tool and net configuration assistant are the main tools for network connection configuration.
(4) Application Development
SQL * Plus: it provides an environment for editing, running SQL and PL/SQL and interacting with databases.

2. Oracle Database Service
Unlike other platforms, Oracle on Windows is presented as a service, while Oracle runs as a process in UNIX.

All oracle.exe servers and their subsequent processes run as clues in the oracle.exe process.

After the Oracle Database 10g system is installed, many database services are automatically added in Windows 2000/XP/2003.

In "Administrative Tools"> "services", you can see multiple services starting with Oracle. These services are related to Oracle database servers.

Oracle Database Operation Management is closely related to its services. Therefore, we should fully understand the role of the Oracle service.

2.1 Oracle service
The Oracle service is crucial for database operation and system management. In Windows, Oracle starts each instance as a service. A service is an executable process registered in the Windows registry and managed by windows ). The registry automatically tracks and records the security information of each created service. Oracle also uses services to support database operations, similar to Windows Services. Oracle is a service that establishes and associates with Oracle databases during database creation. The Oracle service is used to create, connect to, and use an Oracle database instance. In the registry, you can use the "Search" option in the "edit" menu to search for "oracle" information for each service.
One of the advantages of the service is that it simplifies the process of starting the database. When the computer restarts, the system automatically starts and configures the database without the user's participation. This is done by the Service. Another advantage of services is that they must be started by users with specified permissions. For example, Oracle The service starts background processes, which are similar to the daemon process in UNIX. When the Oracle Database Service is started, no typical Oracle process is running in the system. On the contrary, the service process waits for the initial connection from SQL * Plus, which causes a foreground process to start and create the background process of SGA in the global region of the system. When the Oracle database is closed, all created processes are terminated. However, the process is still running, waiting for the next connection request and start command. This means that when the database instance is started through Oracle service <Sid> in windows, but the database instance is disabled in SQL * Plus or Oracle Enterprise Manager, however, the oracleservice <Sid> in Windows is still in the "started" status. The database cannot be started only when the Oracle service <Sid> Service (process) in Windows is stopped. Of course, when the Oracle service <Sid> service is stopped, you can start the database instance in other ways. There are multiple ways to manage Oracle services in windows. For more information, see the following section.
Oracle network listener (Net Listener) is another important service. This service must be started before the user can connect to the Oracle database. Whether the process is closed or not does not affect the connection established between the client and the database and the user's usage of the database. Take SQL * Plus as an example, when Oracle network listener service Oracle

2.2 available Oracle services
The Oracle services generated in Windows vary according to the installed products. In fact, this shows that the database server is closely related to the operating system it uses.
Multiple services are generated after Oracle Database 10 Gb is installed. These are required for running Oracle Database 10 Gb. As shown in.

The following figure shows the system services installed on Oracle Database 10 GB and their meanings.

<Sid> indicates the database instance, for example, test; home_name indicates oradb 10g_home1. You cannot manually modify these services.
Generally, when you create a database and complete the installation, the following two main services are automatically started:
· Oracle service <Sid> (Oracle Database Service)
· Oracle If Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control is installed, the oracledbconsole <Sid> service is automatically started. If Automatic Storage Management is configured, The oraclecsservice and oracleasmservice + ASM services will also appear in the service list.

Different from Oracle 10 Gb, after oracle9i is installed, 12 related services are generated. To facilitate the comparison, the following services are related to Oracle9i Database:
(1) Oracle service <Sid>
Database Service. This service is created for the system identifier SID of the database instance. Sid is the name of the Database Service (such as oracleservicetest) entered during Oracle installation ). This service is mandatory and is responsible for starting database instances.
If this service is not started, an error message for the ORA-12560 appears when any Oracle tool such as SQL * Plus is used. The message is "ORA-12560 TNS: protocol adapter error", which also means that the management object of the database management system is not started, that is, the database is not working. When multiple databases are installed in the system, multiple Oracle services <Sid> are available, and the SID varies depending on the database. Generally, set the Service Startup type to "automatic". In this way, the service is automatically started after the computer system is started.
(2) Oracle Listener service. For example, Oracle orahome92tnslistener monitors and accepts connection requests from client applications. After Windows computer restarts, the service is automatically started. If the service is not started, an error message "ORA-12541 TNS: No listener" appears when you connect using the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console or some graphical tools ". However, this does not affect normal connections. For example, when SQL * Plus is started and connected in the form of sqlplus <username>/<password> @ net_service_name at the MS-DOS prompt, no error message is prompted. Generally, set the Service Startup type to "automatic". In this way, the service is automatically started after the computer system is started. You can also manually start the service: C: \> Net start Oracle Note that most of the connection problems are related to listeners.
(3) Oracle Proxy service. This service is part of Oracle Enterprise Manager. Intelligent agent is required to execute jobs and monitor Oracle service performance and listeners, databases, Oracle HTTP Server, and Oracle Applications ). Smart agents also collect static data for capacity planner and Performance Manager. Capacity planner and Performance Manager are data collection applications for Oracle diagnostic packages. Generally, set the Service Startup type to "automatic". In this way, the service is automatically started after the computer system is started.
If the agent service is not started, the system cannot use the Oracle In the network, Oracle intelligent agent is an autonomous process on a remote node. As a service, the proxy and the Oracle database server reside on the same node and provide and complete the following functions:
· Provide local services or invoke services dependent on the operating system, so as to interact with the target node of local management.
· Check the event and report the queuing result event to the OEM.
· Run Oracle Enterprise Manager jobs, collect results and outputs, and queue results.
· Process data sets.
· Cancel jobs or events controlled by the console or other applications.
(4) Oracle The Service uses the port number 3339 to start the Oracle HTTP Server for the browser-based enterprise manager and data file library. It corresponds to Apache server, that is, web server. It is also the required intermediate layer for running iSQL * Plus. You can set the Service Startup type to "automatic" or "Manual" based on the actual situation ". When it is set to "automatic", the Oracle HTTP Server will automatically start as the computer starts; otherwise, you can use "Start HTTP server powered by Apache" in the menu group to start the Oracle HTTP Server.
(5) Oracle The OMS (Oracle Management Server) Service provides centralized management and distributed control between the client and the managed target, working in collaboration with the agent, process Monitoring Information and job information and store the management data in the management archive.
After the system is installed, Oracle You can also use the omsntsrv.exe command in the doscommand line to start the shutdown or set the service status. For details about the command format, run the following command: omsntsrv-H.
The following services are created and automatically started only when the Oracle Enterprise Manager is installed:
· Oracle · Oracle · Oracle

These are the five main services of Oracle9i. Other services of Oracle9i are as follows.
(6) oraclemtsrecoveryservice
For COM/COM + objects and transactions in a distributed environment, Microsoft Transaction Server is used as the application server as the middle layer. Oraclemtsrecoveryservice allows Oracle9i databases to be used in Microsoft Transaction Server-coordinated transactions as resource managers, and provides powerful integration means between Oracle solutions and Microsoft Transaction Server.
(7) oracleserviceoemrep
Oemrep is the archive created by the system for the Oracle Enterprise Manager. oracleserviceoemrep serves the corresponding archive. It is equivalent to oracleservice Sid. Oemrep is actually a database that is used in multi-node database management to store management information for a three-tier Oracle architecture. Before Oracle9i, Oracle archives were created in a specific database, not separately.
(8) Oracle It is used for the client's high-speed buffer storage service.
(9) Oracle Paging Server service. The paging server of Oracle Enterprise Manager allows administrators to receive page notifications about registered events and scheduled jobs.
(10) oraclesnmppeermasteragent
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a standard Internet protocol. It allows nodes on the network to access the status and activity of network devices and applications. All requests sent to network nodes are processed by the same master agent.
(11) oraclesnmppeerencapsulator
Encapsulator is required only when more than one SNMP sub-proxy is configured and installed in the system ).
In fact, apart from starting or stopping the above database services in "Administrative Tools"> "services", you can also start or stop the database services by using the net command in the DOS prompt. The format is as follows:
· Start the service: Net start <SERVICE_NAME>
· Stop service: net stop <SERVICE_NAME>
· Search for help: Net-H

2.3 Start and Stop Oracle Database 10g Service
There are three ways to start the Oracle service.
(1) To start the Oracle service through the control panel, follow these steps:
1) Select "start"> "Control Panel"> "Management Tools"> "service ".
2) locate the Oracle service to be started and click Start ".
(2) Start the Oracle service by using the MS-DOS command as follows:
1) Open the MS-DOS Command Prompt window in attachment.
2) in the window, enter: Net start Oracle <SERVICE_NAME>.
(3) use ORACLE administration assistant for Windows to start the Oracle service. The procedure is as follows:
1) Select Start> program> Oracle-OraDb10g_home1> Configure and port tools> Oracle administration assistant for Windows ".
2) locate the database Sid to be started in the Host Name and right-click "Oracle <Sid> ".
3) Select "Start service.
The procedure for stopping the Oracle service is similar to that for starting the Oracle service.

2.4 Oracle performance-based Windows Configuration
Reasonable configuration of Windows operating systems is equally important to hardware and Oracle database servers. In Windows, different services or processes have different impacts on the Oracle Database Server. Installing software too much will negatively affect the performance of the database server.
(1) It cannot be run on the database server.
To maintain optimal running speed, the following items cannot run on the database server:
· DNS server: the server must be stopped for maintenance purposes, and domain names no longer work.
· Domain Controller: the same reason as the above DNS server, the database server should not be a primary domain controller or secondary domain controller.
· Router: the database server should not be a network router.
· File/print server: because these functions consume CPU and memory resources and bandwidth, the database server cannot be used as a file server or print server.
· Terminal services: these services require a large amount of memory and rely on user loading.
The following services are redundant for database servers and the use of valuable system resources and should be disabled:
· License Logging Service
· Plug and Play
· Remote Access autodial Manager
· Remote Access Connection Manager
· Remote access server
· Telephony Service
Delete all unused network protocols and retain only the protocols used by Oracle.
(2) It can be run on the database server.
The following items can be run on the database server:
· Any monitoring software that obtains performance information. Oracle provides Enterprise Manager and performance monitoring functions.
· Security and audit software at the operating system level.
· The following services on the database server are required for normal operations and should not be disabled:
· Alerter
· Computer Browser
· EventLog
· Messenger
· Oracleservicesid
· Oraclehome _ nametnslistener
· Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Service
· Server
· Spooler
· TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper
· Workstation
Disabling any of the above services will cause system problems. The above services may change due to different Windows versions. In addition, general PCS should not be used as servers, but disk array groups (RAID) should be selected; otherwise, system performance will be greatly affected.