Basic installation methods for Linux Application Software

To give full play to the role of a computer, you must have a large number of applications to complete different tasks. The idea and method of installing various application software in windows must be familiar to everyone. However, when using Linux, we will always be troubled by these problems that should not have been a problem: how to install the application software? Where can I install my software? How can I delete unwanted applications ?......

Next, let's take a look at these knowledge.

I. parse the Linux application installation package
Generally, there are three installation packages for Linux application software:

1) tarpackages, such as software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz. It is packaged using tar, a packaging tool for UNIX systems.

2) rpm packages, such as software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm. It is a package Encapsulation Format provided by RedHat Linux.

3) dpkg package, such as software-1.2.3-1.deb. It is a package Encapsulation Format provided by debain Linux.

In addition, the naming rules of most Linux application software packages follow the following rules:

Name-version-Revised version-type

For example:

1)software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz means:

Software name: Software

Version: 1.2.3

Revised version: 1

Type: tar.gz, which indicates a tar package.

2) sfotware-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm

Software name: Software

Version: 1.2.3

Revised version: 1

Available platform: i386, applicable to Intel 80x86 platform.

Type: rpm, which indicates an RPM package.

Note: The RPM format is usually compiled, so you need to specify the platform. Detailed descriptions will be provided later.

And software-1.2.3-1.deb don't have to say it again! You can practice it yourself.

2. Understand the content in the package
A Linux application package contains two different types of content:

1) One is the executable file, that is, it can be run directly after the package is unwrapped. All software packages in windows are of this type. After installing this program, you can use it, but you cannot see the source program. When downloading the software, check whether the software is the platform you are using. Otherwise, the software cannot be installed normally.

2) The other is the source program. After the package is unwrapped, you also need to use the compiler to compile it into an executable file. This is almost impossible in Windows systems, because the idea of windows is not to open source programs.

Generally, all packages are source programs packaged with tar, while packages with rpm and dpkg are often executable programs. In general, it is more flexible to compile the source program by yourself, but it is also prone to various problems and difficulties. Relatively speaking, downloading executable packages makes it easier to install the software. Of course, the flexibility is much lower. Therefore, a software always provides installation programs in multiple packaging formats. You can choose based on your own situation.

3. Handle the application software packaged with tar
1. installation:

The installation process can be divided into the following steps:

1) application software acquisition: Obtained by downloading and purchasing CDs;

2) decompress the file: Generally, the tar package will be compressed again, such as gzip and bz2, so you need to decompress it first. If it is the most common GZ format, you can run "Tar-xvzf package name" to decompress and unpack the package in one step. If not, decompress the software and then run tar-xvf to decompress the package;

3) read the install and readme files;

4) execute the "./configure" command to prepare for compilation;

5) execute the "make" command for software compilation;

6) Execute "make install" to complete the installation;

7) Execute "make clean" to delete the temporary files generated during installation.

Now, we are done. We can run the application. However, some readers may ask, How can I implement it? This is also a Linux issue. In fact, the executable files of Linux applications are stored in the/usr/local/bin directory! However, this is not the truth of "universal availability". The most reliable part is the install and readme files of this software.

2. Uninstall:

Generally, software developers seldom consider how to uninstall their own software. tar is only a package, so it does not provide a good method to uninstall the software.

Can't you uninstall it! Actually, no. There are two software that can solve this problem: kinstall and kife. They are the golden partner for installing and uninstalling tar packages. Their usage will be further described by the author. I will not go into detail here.

4. Get the application software packaged with RPM
Rpm is a major contribution of RedHat, which makes Linux software installation easier.

1. installation:

I just need a simple sentence to finish. Run:

Rpm-ivh rpm package name

For more advanced information, see the following table:

Rpm parameter description
-I install software
-T test the installation.
-P: shows the installation progress.
-F ignore any errors
-U upgrade and Installation
-V check kit is correctly installed

These parameters can be used at the same time. For more information, see the RPM Command help.

2. Uninstall:

I just need a simple sentence to finish. Run:

Rpm-E Software name

Note that the software name is used later, not the software package name. For example, to install the software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm package, execute:

Rpm-IVH software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm

When uninstalling, execute:

Rpm-E software.

In addition, graphical RPM tools such as gnorpm and kpackage are provided in Linux to simplify the entire process. The specific application of these software will be introduced separately.

5. Use Deb to package applications.
This is a package manager provided by Debian Linux, which is very similar to rpm. However, since RPM appeared earlier, it is common in various versions of Linux. The Debian Package Manager dpkg only appears in debina Linux. it is not available in other Linux versions. Here we will briefly describe:

1. Install

Dpkg-I deb software package name

Such as: dpkg-I software-1.2.3-1.deb

2. Uninstall

Dpkg-E Software name

For example, dpkg-E Software