Basic knowledge of Hardware Management in Linux (1)

The following describes the basic knowledge of Linux Hardware Management. Many of my friends do not fully understand this knowledge. I hope the following will help you.

1. Identification of hardware in Linux Hardware Management;

In the LinuxSir. Org discussion area, we often see some brothers describe their hardware as follows: "My display card is made of XXX brands. What should I do if Linux does not support it ?". In fact, this is the worst description, and there is no way for everyone to help; because Linux's Hardware recognition is based on the chipset manufacturer rather than the hardware brand; most of the hardware manufacturers are OEM, which means that they cannot produce the main chip of the hardware, but they will take it from the main chip manufacturer and weld it to their own circuit board. This is the OEM process;

No matter what hardware is identified by the chipset manufacturer, rather than the brand on which the market sees it. For example, we can see a variety of video cards on the market, in fact, let's take a look at their chips, mostly from ATI and NVIDIA. All ATI and NVIDIA drivers are developed by ATI and NVIDIA. So when we ask a question, we need to say that the hardware chip is the only identifier of the driver, not the brand !!!

Therefore, when looking for a hardware driver, we must find the driver based on the information of the hardware master chip;

2. Tools for viewing hardware information in Linux;

In Linux, there is no tool to view the hardware chip information. It should be said that the Linux tool can view the hardware information more clearly. The following describes several common tools; the most commonly used tool is lspci; the other tools are just a bit of knowledge;

1. lspci lists all PCI devices;

Lspci-list all PCI devices, mainly used to list PCI devices on the machine, such as sound cards, video cards, cats, and NICs. The integrated motherboard devices can also be listed. lspci reads the hwdata database, hwdata is provided by the software package hwdata; there are about the following files;

 
 

  
  
[beinan@localhost ~]# rpm -ql hwdata-0.158-1  
  
  
/etc/hotplug/blacklist  
  
  
/etc/pcmcia  
  
  
/etc/pcmcia/config  
  
  
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/Cards  
  
  
/usr/share/doc/hwdata-0.158  
  
  
/usr/share/doc/hwdata-0.158/COPYING  
  
  
/usr/share/doc/hwdata-0.158/LICENSE  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata/CardMonitorCombos  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata/Cards  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata/MonitorsDB  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata/pcitable  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata/upgradelist  
  
  
/usr/share/hwdata/usb.ids  
 
 

Lspci has two common parameters:-B and-v. lspci also lists the usb interfaces;

Example:

 
 

  
  
[root@localhost beinan]# lspci -b  
  
  
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82852/82855 GM/GME/PM/GMV Processor to I/O Controller (rev 02)  
  
  
00:00.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation 82852/82855 GM/GME/PM/GMV Processor to I/O Controller 
(rev 02)  
  
  
00:00.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation 82852/82855 GM/GME/PM/GMV Processor to I/O Controller 
(rev 02)  
  
  
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82852/855GM Integrated Graphics Device (rev 02)  
  
  
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation 82852/855GM Integrated Graphics Device (rev 02)  
  
  
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller
 #1 (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller 
#2 (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller 
#3 (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 83)  
  
  
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801DBM (ICH4-M) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801DBM (ICH4-M) IDE Controller (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) SMBus Controller (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) AC'97
 Audio Controller (rev 03)  
  
  
00:1f.6 Modem: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) AC'97 Modem Controller (rev 03)  
  
  
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)  
  
  
02:09.0 CardBus bridge: Texas Instruments Texas Instruments PCIxx21/x515 Cardbus Controller  
  
  
02:09.2 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Texas Instruments Texas Instruments OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host
 Controller  
  
  
02:09.3 Unknown mass storage controller: Texas Instruments Texas Instruments PCIxx21 
Integrated FlashMedia Controller  
  
  
02:09.4 Class 0805: Texas Instruments Texas Instruments PCI6411, PCI6421, PCI6611, 
PCI6621, PCI7411, PCI7421, PCI7611, PCI7621 Secure Digital (SD) 
 
 

Click basic knowledge of Linux System Hardware Management 2) below.