BAT file Preparation Study Notes

BAT file Preparation Study Notes

 

As you can see, Miao Meow is currently working on a small item, and automation and continuous integration. Although he still has some ideas, what I did in the end, it is mainly to learn how to use ant and cruisecontrol. If you have to calculate it, add JUnit and Selenium. In addition, it may be the compilation of the BAT file mentioned here.

The bat file to be written by Meow is very simple. Generally, you can put the command in command directly in *. bat. Even so, I still encountered a problem: I wrote an ant. BAT, the content is Ant-f filename-l log.txt, but put ant-f filename-l log.txt in command to run freely, and once bat is run, the output of ant-f filename-l log.txt will not stop.

What's going on? I couldn't understand why, and then I shouted at mentor and leader, so I didn't see anything when I was alive. Then meow will be able to deliver the takeout home only after a very depressing meal of one and a half hours.

After a weekend, I thought about adding a day at night and finally opening the BAT file on Saturday evening without entering *. BAT can run, enter *, so -- Ant-f filename-l log.txt directly calls ant in the current directory. BAT file, instead of looking for the ant_home settings in the environment variable, it will naturally be output cyclically...

The solution is simple: Change the file name or specify the full path for ant installation. Okay, Meow is a pig ......

This is a strange problem (of course, it's a meow's mistake). You should take a good look at the preparation of the BAT file and take notes. The content below n_n should be reprinted and sorted by meow ~~

 

Batch Processing Overview

Files with the extension BAT (or CMD in NT/2000/XP/2003) are batch files. (Isn't that the shell file in Linux ......)

First, the batch file is a text file, and each line of this file is a DOS command (most of the time it is like the command line we execute at the DOS prompt ), you can use any text file editing tool such as edit in DOS or notepad in Windows to create and modify batch files.

Second, the batch processing file is a simple program, which can control the workflow running by conditional statements (IF) and process control statements (goto, you can also use the for statement to execute a command cyclically in batches. Of course, the programming capability of batch processing files is very limited than that of C language and other programming statements, and it is also very nonstandard. The program statements for batch processing are several DOS commands (including internal commands and external commands). The batch processing capability depends on the commands you use.

Third, each written batch processing file is equivalent to a DoS external command. You can put the directory in your dos search path) so that it can run in any location. A good habit is to create a bat or batch directory (such as C:/batch) on the hard disk, and then put all the batch files you have written into this directory, in this way, you only need to set C:/batch in the path, and you can run all your batch processing programs at any location.

Fourth, in DOS and Win9x/me systems, C: autoexec under the root directory. bat batch files are automatically run batch files. Each time the system starts, the files are automatically run. You can put the commands to be run every time the system starts, for example, you can set the search path, call the mouse driver and disk cache, and set system environment variables.

The following is an example of autoexec. Bat running on Windows 98:

@ Echo off

Path C:/windows; C:/Windows/command; C:/UCDOS; C:/dostools; C:/systools; C:/wintools; C:/batch

LH smartdrv. EXE/x

LH doskey. com/insert

LH ctmouse. exe

Set temp = D:/temp

Set TMP = D:/temp

Functions of Batch Processing

In short, batch processing is used to automatically execute multiple commands continuously.

Here is the simplest application: When the WPS software is started, it must be executed every time (> the previous content indicates the DOS prompt ):

C:/> Cd WPS

C:/WPS> spdos

C:/WPS> py

C:/WPS> wbx

C:/WPS> WPS

If you perform this operation before Using WPS every time, do you think it is very troublesome?

Now, with batch processing, you can simplify these troublesome operations. First, we compile a runwps. bat batch processing file with the following content:

@ Echo off

C:

CD/WPS

Spdos

PY

Wbx

WPS

CD

In the future, every time we enter WPS, we only need to run the runwps batch file.

Common commands

Echo, @, call, pause, and REM (TIPS: Use: instead of REM) are the most common commands for batch file processing. We started from them.

1. Echo command

Enable or disable the request echo function or display messages. If no parameters exist, the echo command displays the current echo settings.

Syntax:

Echo [{on off}] [Message]

Sample: @ echo off/ECHO Hello World

In actual application, we will combine this command with the redirection symbol (also known as the pipeline symbol) to input some commands to a file in a specific format. this will be reflected in future examples.

2. @ command

@ Is similar to echo off, but it is added at the beginning of each command line, indicating that the command line of this line is not displayed at run time (only the current line can be affected ).

Sample:

@ Echo off

@ ECHO now initializing the program, please wait a Minite...

@ Format X:/Q/u/AutoSet (the/y parameter cannot be used for the format command. Fortunately, Microsoft has reserved the AutoSet parameter for us, the effect is the same as that of/Y .)

3. Call Command

Call another batch processing program from one batch processing program without terminating the parent batch processing program. The Call Command accepts the labels used as the call target. If a call is used outside a script or batch file, it does not work in the command line.

Syntax

Call [[drive:] [path] filename [batchparameters] [: Label [arguments]

Parameters

[Drive:} [path] filename

Specifies the location and name of the batch processing program to be called. The filename parameter must have the. bat or. CMD extension.

4. Pause command

When running the pause command, the following message is displayed:

Press any key to continue...

Sample:

@ Echo off

: Begin

Copy A: *. * D:/back

Echo please put a new disk into driver

Pause

Goto begin

In this example, all files on drive a's disk are copied to drive D:/back. When the displayed note prompts you to put another disk into drive a, the pause command will suspend the program so that you can change the disk and press any key to continue processing.

5. Rem command

The comment command is not executed, but serves as a comment for others to read and modify.

Syntax:

Rem message

Sample: @ REM here is the description.

6. Start command

Call an external program. All the DOS commands and command line programs can be called by the START command.

Common Intrusion parameters:

Minimum window size when Min starts

Separate starts a 16-bit windows program in a separate space

High starts applications in the high priority category

Realtime starts applications in the realtime priority category

Wait starts the application and waits for it to end

Parameters: these are parameters sent to the command/program.

Note: When the executed application is a 32-bit GUI application, cmd. EXE returns a command prompt when the application is terminated. If it is executed in the Command Script, the new behavior will not occur.

Batch File Parameters

The batch file can also use parameters (equivalent to the command line parameters of the doscommand) like C functions, which requires a parameter identifier "% ".

% [1-9] indicates a parameter. A parameter is a string separated by spaces (or tabs) after the file name when a batch file is run. Variables can be changed from % 0 to % 9.% 0 indicates the Batch Processing Command itself. Other parameter strings are represented in the order of % 1 to % 9.

Example 1: C: a batch of processing files under the root directory are named F. bat. The content is:

@ Echo off

Format % 1

If you execute C:/> f:

When F. bat is executed, % 1 indicates a:. In this way, format % 1 is equivalent to format A:. Therefore, the preceding Command actually runs format:

Example 2: C: the name of the processing file under the root directory is T. bat, and the content is:

@ Echo off

Type % 1

Type % 2

Run C:/> T a.txt B .txt.

% 1: paia.txt

% 2: Invalid B .txt

The following command displays the.txt and B .txt files in sequence.

Special commands

If, Goto, choice, and for are relatively advanced commands in batch files. If you are familiar with these commands, you are experts in batch files.

1. If is a condition statement used to determine whether the specified conditions are met and then decide to execute different commands. There are three formats:

1. If [not] "parameter" = "string" command to be executed

If the parameter is equal to the string specified by (not indicates unequal, the same below), the condition is true. Run the command; otherwise, run the next sentence.

Example: If "% 1" = "A" format:

2. If [not] exist [path/] command to be executed in the file name

If a specified file exists, the condition is true. Run the command. Otherwise, run the next sentence.

For example, if exist C:/config. sys Type C:/config. sys

Indicates that if the C:/config. SYS file exists, its content is displayed.

3. If errorlevel <number> command to be executed

Many DOS Programs return a numeric value to indicate the result (or status) of the program running after the execution ends. The if errorlevel command can be used to determine the return value of the program, different commands are executed based on different return values (the return values must be sorted in ascending order ). If the return value is equal to the specified number, the condition is true. Run the command. Otherwise, run the next sentence.

For example, if errorlevel 2 goto X2

2. When the Goto batch processing file runs here, it will jump to the label specified by Goto (label, which is defined by the standard string). The GOTO statement is generally used with the if statement, execute different command groups according to different conditions.

For example:

Goto end

: End

Echo this is the end

The label is defined by ": string". The row where the label is located is not executed.

3. Choice uses this command to allow the user to enter a character (used for selection), and return different errorlevels based on the user's selection, and then works with if errorlevel, run different commands according to your choice.

Note: Choice commands are external commands provided by DOS or windows. the syntax of choice commands of different versions is slightly different. Use choice /? View usage.

Choice command syntax (this syntax is the syntax of the choice command in Windows 2003, the syntax of choice in other versions is similar to this ):

Choice [/C choices] [/n] [/CS] [/T timeout/d choice] [/M text]

Description:

This tool allows you to select a project from the selection list and return the index of the selected project.

Parameter List:

/C choices specifies the list of options to be created. The default list is "YN ".

/N hide the Option List at the prompt. The preceding message is displayed, and the option is still enabled.

/CS allows you to select the case sensitivity option. By default, this tool is case-insensitive.

/T timeout specifies the number of seconds before the default value is set. The acceptable value ranges from 0 to 9999.

If 0 is specified, no pause is performed. The default option is selected.

/D choice: Specify the default option after NNNN seconds. The characters must be in the selection of a group specified by the/C option;

At the same time, you must use/t to specify the NNNN.

/M text specifies the message to be displayed before the prompt. If not specified, only the prompt is displayed.

/? Displays help messages.

Note:

The errorlevel environment variable is set to the key index selected from the selected set. Returns 1 for the first choice listed, 2 for the second choice, and so on. If the key you press is not a valid choice, the tool generates a warning. If the tool detects an error, it returns the errorlevel value of 255. If you press Ctrl + break or Ctrl + C, the tool returns the errorlevel value of 0. When the errorlevel parameter is used in a batch program, the parameters are sorted in descending order.

Example:

Choice /?

For choice/c ync/m ", Press Y, N, or C. "

Choice/T 10/c ync/CS/d y

Select a for choice/c AB/M "option 1 and B for option 2. "

Choice/c AB/N/m "option 1 select a, option 2 select B. "

If I run the command: choice/c ync/M "OK, Press Y, N, or cancel to press C. "

The screen displays:

Press Y to confirm, N to confirm, or C to cancel. [Y, N, C]?

For example, the content of test. bat is as follows (NOTE: When determining the return value using if errorlevel, sort the returned values from high to low ):

@ Echo off

Choice/C dimethyl/M "defrag, mem, end"

If errorlevel 3 goto end

If errorlevel 2 goto mem

If errotlevel 1 goto defrag

: Defrag

C:/DOS/defrag

Goto end

: Mem

Mem

Goto end

: End

Echo good bye

After this batch is run, "defrag, mem, end [d, M, E]?" is displayed. The user can select d m e, and then the if statement makes a judgment based on the user's choice. D indicates the program segment with the execution label as defrag, and M indicates the program segment with the execution label as mem, E indicates the program segment whose execution label is "end". Each program segment finally jumps the program to the end label with "Goto end", and the program displays "good bye". The batch processing is completed.

4. The for loop command will execute the same command multiple times as long as the conditions are met.

Syntax:

Execute a specific command on each file in a group of files.

For % variable in (SET) do command [command-parameters]

% Variable specifies a single letter replaceable parameter.

(SET) specifies one or more files. Wildcard characters can be used.

Command specifies the Command executed on each file.

Command-parameters specifies a parameter or command line switch for a specific command.

For example, a batch file contains one row:

For % C in (*. bat *. txt) do type % C

The command line displays the contents of all files with the bat and TXT extensions in the current directory.

Batch Processing example

1. If-exist

1) First, use NotePad to create a test1.bat batch file in C:/. The content of the file is as follows:

@ Echo off

If exist/autoexec. bat type/autoexec. bat

If not exist/autoexec. Bat echo/autoexec. bat does not exist

Then run it:

C:/> test1.bat

If the C:/file contains the autoexec. BAT file, its content will be displayed. If it does not exist, the batch processing will prompt you that the file does not exist.

2) create another test2.bat file with the following content:

@ Echo off

If exist/% 1 type/% 1

If not exist/% 1 echo/% 1 does not exist

Run:

C:/> Test2 autoexec. bat

The command runs the same result as above.

Note:

(1) If exist is used to test whether a file exists. The format is

If exist [path + file name] command

(2) % 1 in the test2.bat file is a parameter. Dos allows passing nine batch parameter information to the batch processing file, which is % 1 ~ % 9 (% 0 indicates the Test2 command itself), which is a bit like the relationship between real parameters and parameters in programming. % 1 is the form parameter, and autoexec. bat is the real parameter.

3) create a file named test3.bat with the following content:

@ Echo off

If "% 1" = "A" Echo Xiao

If "% 2" = "B" Echo Tian

If "% 3" = "C" Echo Yin

If you run:

C:/> test3 A B C

The screen displays:

Xiao

Tian

Yin

If you run:

C:/> test3 A B

Displayed on the screen

Xiao

Tian

During the command execution, DOS will specify an empty string to the parameter % 3.

2. IF-ERRORLEVEL

Create test4.bat with the following content:

@ Echo off

Xcopy C:/autoexec. Bat D:

If errorlevel 1 ECHO file copy failed

If errorlevel 0 ECHO, the file is successfully copied.

Then execute the file:

C:/> test4

If the file is successfully copied, the screen displays "successfully copied file"; otherwise, the screen displays "file copy failed ".

If errorlevel is used to test the return value of the previous DOS command. Note that it is only the return value of the previous command, and the return value must be determined in order from large to small.

Therefore, the following batch file is incorrect:

@ Echo off

Xcopy C:/autoexec. Bat D :/

If errorlevel 0 ECHO, the file is successfully copied.

If errorlevel 1 ECHO does not find the copy object

If errorlevel 2 ECHO, the user uses Ctrl-C to stop the copy operation.

If errorlevel 3 Echo preset Error Blocking file copy operation

If errorlevel 4 echo disk write error during copy process

Whether the copy is successful or not, the following:

Copy file not found

You can use ctrl-C to stop the copy operation.

Preset errors prevent file copy operations

An error occurred while writing the disk during the copy process.

Are displayed.

The return values of several common commands and their meanings are as follows:

Backup

0 successfully backed up

1 backup file not found

2. File Sharing conflicts prevent backup from being completed

3. Use Ctrl-C to stop the backup.

4. the backup operation is aborted due to a fatal error.

Diskcomp

0 disks are the same

1 disk is different

2. You can use ctrl-C to stop the comparison operation.

3. The comparison operation is aborted due to a fatal error.

4 preset error abort comparison

Diskcopy

0 disk copy operation successful

1 non-fatal disk read/write error

2. You can use ctrl-C to end the copy operation.

3. the disk copy is aborted due to a fatal processing error.

4. The copy operation is blocked due to a preset error.

Format

0: formatted successfully.

3. Use Ctrl-C to stop formatting.

4. The format is aborted due to a fatal processing error.

5. When "Proceed with format (y/n)?" is displayed )?" End with user input n

Xcopy

0 successfully copied the file

1 copy file not found

2. You can use ctrl-C to stop the copy operation.

4. preset errors prevent file copy operations

5. An error occurred while writing the disk during the copy process.

3. If string1 = string2

Create test5.bat. The file content is as follows:

@ Echo off

If "% 1" = "A" format:

Run:

C:/> test5

Whether to format the: disk is displayed on the screen.

Note: To prevent the parameter from being empty, double quotation marks (or other symbols) are generally used to enclose the string.

For example, if [% 1] = [a] Or if % 1 * = *

4. Goto

Create test6.bat. The file content is as follows:

@ Echo off

If exist C:/autoexec. Bat goto _ copy

Goto _ done

: _ Copy

Copy C:/autoexec. Bat D :/

: _ Done

Note:

(1) The colon Before the label is an ASCII character ":", there must be no space between the colon and the label.

(2) The naming rules for labels are the same as those for file names.

(3) DoS supports a maximum of eight characters. When two labels cannot be distinguished, the system redirects to the nearest one.

5.

Create C:/test7.bat. The file content is as follows:

@ Echo off

For % C in (*. bat *. txt *. sys) do type % C

Run:

C:> test7

After the command is executed, all files with the extension bat, txt, and sys in the C: root directory are displayed on the screen (excluding hidden files ).