Beginner Essentials: Learn some of the Linux recommendations

Yue inlay 2012-09-26 14:03:21

With the expansion of Linux applications many friends are beginning to touch Linux, depending on the experience of learning windows there is often a sense of confusion: where to start learning. Here are some suggestions for learning Linux.

First, starting from the basics: often some friends in the Linux forum to ask some questions, but most of the problems are very basic. For example: Why I use a command, the system tells me that the directory is not found, how I want to restrict the user's permissions and other issues, these problems are not very difficult, as long as the foundation of Linux, should be able to easily solve the problem. And some friends often a contact with Linux is the hope of the framework of the site, there is no idea to first understand the foundation of Linux. This is quite difficult.

Second, the Linux command is necessary to learn although the Linux desktop application has developed rapidly, but the command in Linux still has a strong vitality. Linux is a command line of the operating system, the essence of the command line, regardless of the level of the development of the graphical interface this principle will not change, Linux commands have many powerful features: from simple disk operations, file access, to the production of complex multimedia images and streaming media files. To give an example: the common command of Linux find, look at the man document, beginners will feel too complex to use, but once you learn to put it down. Its function is too strong, in conjunction with the exec parameters or through the pipeline redirection to the Xargs command and grep command, you can complete a very complex operation, if the same operation with the graphical interface tools to complete, I am afraid to spend more than more than 10 time. Different versions of the number of Linux commands are not the same, here the author of their more important and most frequently used commands, according to their role in the system is divided into several parts introduced to you, through the learning of these basic commands we can further understand the Linux system: Install and Login commands: Login, Shutdown, halt, reboot, Mount, umount, CHSH document processing commands: File, mkdir, grep, DD, find, MV, LS, diff, Cat, ln system Management related commands: DF, top, Fre E, quota, at, LP, AddUser, Groupadd, Kill, Crontab, Tar, unzip, Gunzip, last network operation command: Ifconfig, IP, ping, netstat, telnet, f TP, Route, Rlogin rcp, finger, mail, nslookup system security related commands: passwd, Su, umask, Chgrp, chmod, Chown, chattr, sudo, pswho

Third, choose a good reference book, reference books for learners is very important. A textbook of misconceptions can lead the novice astray.

Iv. Choose a Linux distribution that is right for you there are currently more than 100 Linux distributions worldwide and more than 10 common versions can be found in the country. How to choose based on your needs and capabilities, Redhat Linux and Debian Linux are ideal for network administrators. For English is not very good readers Red Flag Linux, the winning bid Linux these Chinese version is more suitable. Now some Linux sites have some free download of Linux version, here is to say is not suitable for Linux beginners.

Develop a job at the command line: Be sure to get into the habit of working under the command line, knowing that X-window is just an application running in command-line mode. Learning at the command line although the initial progress is slow, but familiar with, your future learning path will be increased exponentially in the way of growth. For the network administrator, the command line is actually the rule, it is always effective, but also flexible. Even through a slow modem line, it can manipulate remote systems up to thousands of kilometres away.

Six, choose a Linux community that suits you; with the expansion of Linux applications, there are many Linux communities.

Seven, diligent practice: to increase their own Linux skills, only through the practice to achieve. So get a computer, install a Linux distribution, and get into the exciting Linux world. Believe that your own Linux capabilities must be a big deal. In addition, the human brain is not like a computer's hard disk, unless the hard drive is broken or the data is erased, otherwise the stored data will always and immediately memory on the hard disk. In the curve of human memory, you have to constantly repeat the practice to remember a thing more familiar. Similarly, learning Linux is the same, if you can not learn often, learn the back, the front of the forgotten. Once you're familiar with Linux commands, you can start building a small Linux network, which is the best practice. Linux is synonymous with the network, Linux network services are very powerful, whether it is mail server, Web server, DNS server, etc. are very perfect. Of course you don't need to build all the services, you can take it slow. It should be explained that this Linux network for beginners has two or three computers, one of the best computer installed Windows system. Do not have to wait for others to help you solve the problem.

Eight, how to get online help. Unlike a private operating system, each Linux release has a short technical support time, which is often not enough for Linux beginners. In fact, when you install a complete Linux system which already contains a powerful help, just maybe you have not found and used their skills.

1. Major Linux distributions come with very detailed documentation (including manual pages and FAQs), from System installation to system security, detailed documentation for people at different levels, and 40% questions to read the document.

2. Access to the classic reference books and howto, especially howto is the world's tens of thousands of Linux, Unix experience Summary is very reference value usually 40% of the problem can also be solved.

Ix. get help in the Linux forum if the above measures do not solve the problem, then you need the help of the Linux community. Linux users are generally professionals, they have a good computer background and are willing to assist others, Linux experts have a cultural spirit to encourage beginners. How to get help in the Linux community, it is necessary to explain that you have thoughtful thinking, prepare your questions, don't ask questions hastily, or you will get a hasty answer or no answer at all. The more you show the effort to solve the problem before you ask for help, the more substantial help you can get. It is best to search the forum for any articles you need. This will result in a multiplier effect. The following author in the forum to see a good question: "After the installation of Red Flag 4.0, the system of purple-violet input method comes with the dual-solution and my habits are not the same, how to customize the two-solution solution? Thank you? "This question is very concise, the author five minutes later gave the solution:" First back up the original file to another directory, and then delete/usr/local/unispim/unispimsp.ksc, edit/usr/local/unispim/unispimsp.ini, Restart the computer at last to generate a new UNISPIMSP.KSC "if the problem is resolved after another reply, send a note to the person who helped you, let them know how the problem is resolved, and this supplement will help others search the mailing list/newsgroup/forum for a complete solution that has helped you, This may also be useful for them. Here is a question that can not be answered: "Help you master, ask you some questions: How to configure the Linux under the HTTP, FTP, Samba, DNS, DHCP, SendMail server, thank you", This kind of question I think even the Linux master also is difficult to quickly accurate concise answer you. You need to provide accurate and effective information. This is not to ask you to simply extract tons of error codes or data from a full dump into your question. If you have a large and complex test condition, try to cut it as small as possible. You may encounter this situation, and for a problem there will be different content answers, which you need to verify through practice. It is also an option to put this problem in other Linux communities asking for help. If you don't get the answer, please don't think we feel unable to help you. Sometimes people who just see your problem don't know the answer. A change of community is a good choice. In addition, we must pay attention to some etiquette when asking questions. Because the Linux community is a loose organization and does not assume the obligation to reply to each post. It is not technical support.

Learn Linux with Unix thinking. Linux is designed on the basis of Unix thinking, and understanding Linux must be done in the UNIX mindset. The transformation of the ideological content is more useful than a temporary technique, because he can help you speed up your learning.

Xi. learn English professionally. If you want to learn more about Linux, it is too difficult to read English documents. The best and most comprehensive documentation is written in English, and the first technical information published is written in English. Even non-English-speaking countries publish technical documents, which are first translated into English and published in international academic journals and online. Install a new software when the first read the Readme, then look at the install and then look at the FAQ, the last to install, so encountered problems to know why. If the document does not look, the result is a problem then go to the forum to find the answer instead of wasting time.

Finally, the roadmap for Linux learning:

1. Master at least 50 of the most commonly used commands.

2. Familiar with Gnome/kde and other X-window desktop environment operation.

3. Master. Common installation methods for tgz, RPM and other software packages

4. Learn to add peripherals and install device drivers (such as network cards)

5. Familiar with the Grub/lilo guide and simple repair operation.

6. Familiar with Linux file system and directory structure.

7. Master Vi,gcc,gdb and other common editors, compilers, debuggers.

8. Understand shell aliases, pipelines, I/O redirection, input and output, and shell scripting.

9. Learn about networking in a Linux environment.

The above is the author to learn some of the Linux experience, I hope you have some help.

Transferred from: http://www.douban.com/note/238788401/

Beginner Essentials: Learn some of the Linux recommendations