bis (diclofenac) acid

Diclofenac, which belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Used for rheumatoid arthritis, adhesion spondylitis, non-inflammatory joint pain, arthritis, non-articular rheumatism, non-articular inflammation caused by pain, various neuralgia, cancer pain, pain after trauma and various inflammation caused by fever. For some animals, there are toxic effects, such as vultures.

Foreign Name: Diclofenac, Diclofenac Sodium, Cataflam, Dichronic, Kriplex, Voltaren

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal compound that plays its pharmacological role by inhibiting the synthesis of prostate. It has anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. It is characterized by the obvious relief of clinical signs and symptoms, such as a variety of pain, joint swelling, trauma and postoperative inflammation. Topical latex agent can make its active ingredient penetrate the skin, gather in the subcutaneous tissue, resist the acute and chronic inflammatory reaction. Oral enteric-dissolving tablets, absorbed quickly and completely. Taking 50mg, the average peak time was 2h, the peak concentration was 1.5fμg/ml. The concentration of blood drug is linearly related to dosage. The plasma protein binding rate of diclofenac was 99.7%, which was mainly associated with albumin binding. The plasma half-reduced period was 1~2h. Diclofenac can enter the synovial fluid, the concentration of peak after the plasma concentration of 2~4h is the highest in the synovial fluid. The apparent elimination of the drug in the synovial fluid was 3~6h. After the drug was only 4~6h, the concentration of diclofenac in the synovial fluid was higher than that of its plasma, and could be maintained at 12h. Diclofenac is metabolized in the liver, and about 60% of the drugs are excreted from the urine in the form of glucose-based acids and hydroxyl compounds. Topical application of latex agents, the active ingredient through the skin absorption, absorption of about 6% of the application dose. Then penetrate through the skin to the inflammatory region. Diclofenac acid anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic effect is obvious, clinical application characteristics: strong efficacy, its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect than aspirin 26-50 times stronger, Compared to Indomethacin Sinqiang 2-2.5 times times, the effect is good, diclofenac acid mouth absorption rapidly, after 1-2 hours after the dose of blood to reach the peak, eliminate fast; dosage is small, diclofenac oral general three times a day, each 25mg, intramuscular injection for one day, 75mg; easy to use, diclofenac is anti-inflammatory, analgesic, One of the few medicines that can be administered orally and injected in antipyretic medicine; the diclofenac acid has become the first choice of anti-rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis drugs. [4] Basic with ibuprofen, in addition to the following aspects should be noted. (1) This product may reduce the insulin action, causes the blood sugar to raise. (2) with potassium-preserving diuretic drugs can cause high potassium. (3) Aspirin can reduce the bioavailability of this product. In combination with lithium or digoxin, diclofenac may increase their plasma concentrations, which may increase potassium levels in combination with potassium-preserving diuretics, and may be associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or glucocorticoid-related drugs. There is no interaction of latex with other drugs.Ecological Hazards
As an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used in the storage of animal husbandry, diclofenac has caused a natural disaster of ecological circle. In 2004, researchers led by Linsay Ox J.lindsay Oaks, a late biologist at Washington State University, found that diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug widely used in livestock, was responsible for killing three species of vultures in the Indian subcontinent. The Knicks happened to be interested in the Falcon training in the Middle East and had heard of the deadly effects of diclofenac. He brainwave and decided to test the effect of the drug on Indian vultures, which had shrunk by 95% in the previous 10 years. The vultures have mysteriously died of kidney failure and gout, and researchers have been searching for traces of heavy metals, pesticides, and diseases without success. They did not consider the side effects of veterinary drugs, since there was never a precedent for veterinary drugs causing large wildlife deaths. If Ox's discovery was a little late, it might not help. Prior to 1990, Diclofenac's intellectual property belonged to Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc. When the patent expired, India's pharmaceutical companies took over the manufacture of diclofenac, a cheap and efficient drug that quickly swept across the country, selling up to millions of of farmers. In many parts of South Asia, livestock is sacred, and diclofenac can relieve the suffering of older animals. Since the animals are sacred, the bodies of the dead animals cannot be eaten or cremated. Instead, they were "exposed to the wilderness" for vultures to peck. In 2004, an investigation into the body found that one-tenth of the bodies were contaminated with diclofenac, and the researchers calculated that the vultures had a 1% chance of dying every time they ate meat containing diclofenac. The loss of vultures has led to an increase in the number of wild dogs, and more and more stray dogs have increased the risk of rabies in humans. Not only that, the growth of the village and Wild dog groups, led to live in the deep Forest of the leopard in turn to kill wild dogs, increased the chance that the leopard hurt people. At the same time, because the decomposition and use of the rotten corpse is less efficient than the vulture (its strong acidity can inhibit the growth of bacteria), further exacerbating the deterioration of the natural environment. In 2006, the use of diclofenac by veterinarians was banned in Nepal, Pakistan and India. It took 10 years to ban DDT in the United States.

bis (diclofenac) acid