Blockchain technology: Super Ledger (Hyperledger)

This is a creation in Article, where the information may have evolved or changed.

Summary

The Super Ledger (Hyperledger) is one of many projects under the Linux Foundation. The blockchain project, introduced in 2015 by IBM, Interlaken, and the financial companies, GP Morgan and other joint agencies, also includes 5 framework projects: Sawtooth, Iroha, Fabric, Burrow, Indy, and 3 tool projects: Blockchain Explorer, cello, Composer. One of the most widely known is the fabric. The current membership is about 140, of which 1/4 are from China, and now the China Technical Group is dominated by Wanda, Huawei and IBM, responsible for the provision of Chinese membership and Chinese demand, as well as the promotion code. is a logical diagram between projects:

Hyperledger Fabric:

One implementation of blockchain technology, which aims to be the foundation for developing applications and solutions, is designed as a modular architecture that allows components such as consensus and member service modules to be plugged in and ready for use.

Hyperledger sawtooth: A highly modular, distributed ledger platform ,Hyperledger Sawtooth is a modular platform for creating, deploying, and running distributed ledgers. Hyperledger sawtooth contains noverre consensus algorithm, timing verification (poet), which deals with a large number of distributed validators with minimal resource consumption.

Hyperledger Iroha: Lightweight distributed ledger, focused on mobile. Hyperledger Iroha is a business blockchain framework that is simple and easy to incorporate into infrastructure projects that require distributed ledger technology.

Hyperledger Burrow: Intelligent Contract Client , is a licensed intelligent contract machine. Burrow, released in December 2014, provides for the first time a modular blockchain client with a licensed smart contract interpreter, which incorporates the technical specifications of some ethereum virtual machines (EVM).

Hyperledger Indy: Hyperledger Indy provides tools, libraries, and reusable components to provide digital identities based on blockchain or other distributed ledgers, allowing them to interoperate across administrative domains, applications, and other silo.

Hyperledger Explorer: display and query blockchain blocks, transactions, and related Web applications . Hyperledger Explorer can view, invoke, deploy, or query chunks, transactions, and related data, network information, chain codes, and transaction sequences, as well as any other relevant information stored in the ledger.

Hyperledger Cello:Bass toolset to help create, manage, and terminate blockchain . The goal of Hyperledger cello is to bring the on-demand "as-a-service" deployment model to the blockchain ecosystem, reducing the effort required to create, manage, and terminate the blockchain.

Hyperledger Composer: Hyperledger Composer is a collaborative tool to create a blockchain business network that accelerates the development of smart contracts and their deployment across distributed ledgers.

What is a super ledger?

For the super ledger Hyperledger the description on the official website is:

1. Create an enterprise-class, open-source, distributed ledger framework and code base to support business transactions.

2. Provide a neutral, open and community-driven infrastructure for the market through technology and business governance.

3. Create a technical community, development zone blockchain and shared ledger PoC, application case, field trial and deployment.

4. Educate the public to gain market opportunities for blockchain technology.

5. Promote the communities within our community, using our toolkit approach with multiple platforms and frameworks

It can be understood that the goal of the project is to develop a cross-sectoral open standards and open source code Development library that allows enterprises to create custom distributed ledger solutions to facilitate the application of blockchain technology in business .

My understanding is that Super Ledger fabric is a programming language, which can be go,java,c/c++ and so on, it defines the basic rules of programming standard, function library and so on, allowing enterprises to use this language to develop their own application. or further down the line, Super Ledger fabric is a blockchain driver, through which the blockchain business logic is interpreted to the development platform, and the platform implementation mode is fed back to the business logic, thus packaging various applications of different enterprise blockchain into a workable solution.

Key Concepts

Anchor (anchor Point)

Generally refers to the initial contact element or the communication element with other structures as soon as it starts. If a node is added to a channel, it is necessary to quickly obtain the situation within the channel (such as the presence of other nodes) through an anchor node.

Auditability (Audit)

Under certain authority and permission, the transaction on the chain can be audited and inspected.

Block (block)

Represents a group of confirmed transaction information as a whole, ready to be added to the blockchain by consensus.

Blockchain (Blockchain)

A list structure linked by multiple blocks, except for the initial chunks, each chunk header contains the hash value of the contents of the previous block.

Chaincode (Chain code)

The application code on the blockchain extends from the concept of "smart contract" to support Golang, Nodejs and other languages, and is more Turing-complete.

Channel (Channels)

Private isolation on the Fabric network. Chaincode and transactions in the channel are visible only to the nodes that join the channel. The same node can join multiple channels and maintain a ledger for each channel content.

Committer (Commit node)

1.0 a Peer node role in the architecture that checks for Orderer sorted transactions, selects legitimate trades to execute and writes to the store.

Commitment (Submitted)

The commit node completes the verification of the post-order transaction, writes the contents of the transaction to the block, and updates the world view process.

Confidentiality (Confidential)

Only the trading party can see the transaction content, others cannot see without authorization.

Endorser (recommended node or endorsement node)

1.0 a Peer node role in the architecture, responsible for verifying that a transaction is legitimate and willing to endorse or sign it.

Endorsement

Endorsement process. In accordance with the endorsement strategy at Chaincode deployment time, the relevant peer simulates and examines the transaction proposal and whether the decision is endorsed. If the deal proposal is sufficiently endorsed, a formal transaction can be structured to make a further consensus.

Invoke (Invoke)

A type of transaction that calls a method in Chaincode, which generally involves calling methods and calling parameters.

Ledger (Ledger)

Includes the blockchain structure (with all the trading information) and the current worldview (world).

Member (Member)

Represents a specific entity identity that is useful for its own root certificate in the network. Both the node and the app must belong to a membership. The same member can have multiple peer nodes in the same channel, one of which is the leader node, which interacts with the sorting node on behalf of the member and distributes the sorted chunks to the other nodes that belong to the same member.

MSP (Member service Provider, member service provider)

An abstract component that implements Member Services (authentication, certificate management, and so on) implements pluggable support for different types of member services.

Non-validating Peer (Non-authentication node)

Do not participate in ledger maintenance, only as the trading agent responds to the client's REST request, and carries out some basic validation checks on the transaction, which is then forwarded to the authentication node.

Orderer (Sort node)

1.0 The Consensus service role in the architecture, which is responsible for sorting the transactions seen, providing the order of global acknowledgments.

permissioned Ledger (with a privileged ledger)

All nodes in the network must be licensed, and non-licensed nodes cannot join the network.

Privacy (Privacy protection)

The trader can hide the identity of the transaction, and other members, without special permission, can only verify the transaction, but not the identity information.

System Chain (Systems chain)

The configuration blocks that make changes to the configuration in the network are generally used as the alliance conventions that form the members of the network.

Transaction (Trading)

Perform a function call on the ledger or deploy Chaincode. The specific function that is called is implemented in Chaincode.

Transactor (Trader)

The client initiating the trade call.

Validating Peer (authentication node)

Maintain the core nodes of the ledger, participate in consistent maintenance, validate and execute transactions.

World State

That is, the latest global ledger status. Fabric uses it to store the most recent state that occurs after a history transaction, and can be implemented with a key value or a document database.