Written in front of the words, this article is because the work needs to write the camera program, because did not do this kind of product, so the online search data, first collation as follows, the main reference article, if there is infringement, please contact me; This article is not necessarily all correct, please correct me if you find an error. If there is a new understanding, it will continue to tidy up. http://blog.csdn.net/xubin341719/article/details/7723725 http://blog.csdn.net/pengwentao/article/details/ 7180115 http://blog.csdn.net/southcamel/article/details/8305873 Http://blog.csdn.net/xubin341719/article/details /7727041 Http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=rF0-i3pP_hkf2-Lz_ Efn-qn7vv6md8hbmokiiqnfpzgtcepmla2gvmklpmlkqyxoxeklunyscxn1vb7zdn2ge-xzcqzjr30-draxubg1kfu GalaxyCore GC0308 Datasheet Guide: First, camera module CCM Two, camera working principle One, Camera module (CCM) 1, camera close-up Like the head module, the camera Compact module, abbreviated to CCM, is an important component that affects capture, my understanding is the hardware on the camera. The following image: 2, camera internal decomposition camera hardware structure: (1), working principle Light through the lens lens into the inside of the camera, and then through the IR filter to filter the infrared light, finally to sensor (sensors), Senor is divided into according to the material can be divided into CMOS and CCD two kinds, the optical signal can be converted to electrical signals, The internal ADC circuit is then converted to a digital signal, and then transmitted to the DSP (if any, if not, the data is transferred to the baseband chip baseband in the form of DVP, the data format is rawProcessing, conversion to RGB, YUV and other formats output. (2), lens Lens lens is the soul of the camera, a lens in the SLR is very casual. The lens plays an important role in imaging, which is equivalent to the lens of the human eye, using the refraction principle of the lens, the scene light through the lens to form a clear image on the focus plane, and then through the photosensitive material CMOS or CCD recording images, and through the circuit converted to electrical signals. Lens industry has a relatively high technical threshold, foreign mainly concentrated in Japan, South Korea, the domestic is mainly in Taiwan, the industry more well-known such as: Fuji Seiki, Konica Mei can reach, vigorously light, enplas and so on. Lens generally consists of a few lenses composed of lens structure, according to the material can be divided into plastic lens (plastic) or glass lens (glass), glass lens than resin lens. Plastic lens is actually a resin lens, light transmittance and photosensitivity and other optical indicators than coated lenses. The camera adopts the lens structure: 1P, 2P, 1g1p, 1g2p, 2g2p, 2g3p, 4G, 5G and so on. The more lenses, the higher the cost, the better the relative imaging effect (personal understanding is that the light is more uniform, more detailed; The light is more versatile; the distortion of the image is small, but the lens becomes longer and the luminous flux becomes smaller). (3), IR filter Filters the infrared light from the light that enters the lens, because the infrared light is not seen, but sensor can feel the infrared light, So it is necessary to filter out the infrared light in the light so that the image is closer to the effect seen by the human eye. (4), sensor sensing Sensors are the core of the camera, responsible for converting optical signals from lens to electrical signals, and then internal AD to digital signals. Each pixel pixel can only feel one of R, G, B, so the data stored in each pixel is monochromatic, so we usually say 300,000 pixels or 1.3 million pixels, which means that there are 300,000 or 1.3 million photosensitive points, each photosensitive point can only sense a light, These are the most primitive photosensitive data we call RAW. Raw data is processed by the ISP (which should be understood as image sensor Processor, which is part of the sensor module, explained below) to restore the primary colors, that is, if a pixel is sensed as an R value, then the ISP will be based on the G, The value of B, through interpolation and special effects processing, calculate the R point of G, BValue, so that the RGB of the point is restored, in addition, the ISP has a lot of operations, described below. There are two commonly used sensors, one is CCD (charge coupling) original, one is CMOS (metal oxide conductor) original. >>CCD (Charge coupled device), charge-coupled device sensor: Made from a high-sensitivity semiconductor material that transforms light into an electric charge and converts it into an electrical signal through a analog-to-digital converter chip. The CCD is made up of a number of independent photosensitive units, usually in megapixel units. When the CCD surface is illuminated, each photosensitive unit reflects the charge on the component, and all the signals generated by the photosensitive unit are added together to form a complete picture. The CCD sensor is dominated by Japanese manufacturers, with 90% of the global market being monopolized by Japanese manufacturers, with Sony, Panasonic and Sharp as the leading players. >>cmos (complementary metal-oxide Semiconductor), complementary oxide metal semiconductors: mainly semiconductors made of silicon and germanium, which coexist on CMOS with N ( -) and P (+)-level semiconductors, the two complementary effects generated by the current can be recorded and interpreted into an image by the processing chip. CMOS sensors mainly in the United States, South Korea and Taiwan-led, the main manufacturers are the United States Omnvison, Agilent, Micron, China, Taiwan's sharp image, the original phase, Thai vision, Korea's Samsung, Hyundai. (5), image processing chip DSP DSP is an important part of CCM, it is the role of the sensor to obtain the data in a timely and fast transfer to the central processing Unit and refresh the sensor chip, so the quality of the DSP chip, Directly affect the picture quality, such as: color saturation, clarity, smoothness and so on. If sensor does not have an integrated DSP, it is transferred to the baseband chip via DVP (can be understood as the external DSP), the data into the DSP is raw data, the raw information is collected. If the DSP is integrated, raw data is processed by AWB, color matrix, lens shading, gamma, sharpness, AE, and de-noise, and the data in YUV or RGB format is eventually output. As shown in the following figure, the ISP (image sensor Processor, not image Signal Processor) section uses a DSP to process the output data of Image sensor (Raw data): &NBSp DSP framework: >>isp (Image Signal Processor), mirror signal processor or image signal Processor & nbsp >>jpeg encoder,jpeg Image encoder, with software hardware points. (6), DVP DVP is divided into three parts: output bus, input bus, power bus, the following figure: >> input Bus introduction A>PWDN is the camera's enable PIN, there are two configurations, one for the standby, one is normal work, set to standby, all the operation of the camera is not valid, including reset. So before reset, be sure to set the PWDN pin to normal mode, otherwise reset is not valid. The B>reset is the camera's reset pin, which is a hard reset mode and the camera's various IO ports are restored to the factory default state. Only after the XCLK is turned on, resets the reset to low, the hard reset is valid, otherwise the reset is not valid. The C>XCLK is the camera's working clock PIN, which provides the camera's working clock for BB. D>IIC is the bus channel for camera and BB communication. >> Output Bus Introduction a>data data pins for camera. This data pin can be output in the format of YUV, RGB, JPEG and so on. B>vsync is the camera's frame sync signal pin. A VYSNC signal end indicates that the data for a frame (that is, a picture) has been output. c>hsync sync signal pins for camera line. A HSync signal end indicates that a row of data has been output. D>PCLK is the pixel sync signal pin. A PCLK signal end indicates that the data for a pixel point has been output.
>>power Line Introduction
A>AVDD is the analog voltage of the camera.
B>DOVDD is the digital voltage of the GPIO port of the camera.
C>DVDD is the core operating voltage of the camera.
Generally, the Gpio port voltage of the sensor is required, followed by an analog voltage, and finally the operating voltage is provided. The timing is as follows: (7), FPC flexible circuit board (flexible PCB) abbreviated as "soft board", also known as "flexible circuit board", connecting chips and mobile phones. acts as an electrical signal transmission. (8), ISP, DSP, baseband chip differences and links The terminology that appears in several articles, here is a special supplement. >> Common baseband processor or baseband chip is responsible for data processing and storage, the equivalent of a coprocessor, the main components of DSP, microcontroller, memory (such as SRAM, Flash) and other units, the main function is baseband coding/decoding, Voice coding and voice coding. Current mainstream baseband architecture: Dsp+arm. Can be divided into five sub-blocks: CPU processor, Channel Encoder, DSP, modem and interface module. The baseband chip is used to synthesize the incoming baseband signal, or to decode the baseband signal received. Specifically, it is: when transmitting, the audio signal is compiled into a baseband code for the launch, and when received, the received baseband code is interpreted as an audio signal. At the same time, also responsible for address information (mobile phone number, website address), text information (SMS text, website text), the compilation of picture information. >>isp,image Signal Processor, Image signal processing, dsp,data Signal Processor, digital signal processor. ISPs are typically used to process output data from image sensors, such as: AEC (AE control), AGC (Automatic gain control), AWB (auto white balance), color correction, gamma correction, eliminate bad points, auto Processing of Black level, Auto white level and so on. >> and the DSP function is more, it can do some photography and echo (JPEG codec), video and playback (video codec), the codec of H. s, and many other aspects of processing, in short, processing digital signals. It can be considered that ISP is a special kind of DSP for processing image signal. In this article, the baseband chip can be used as the control chip on the Development Board, the ISP and DSP can be equivalent, both of raw data processing. Here respect the originalThe author's argument is not unified. Also note that in this part of the camera, it is important to see what the ISP represents, whether it is an image Signal Processor (Picture signal processor) or image Sensor Processor (Image sensor processor). The ISP in the OV2665 above is the image sensor Processor, which is the equivalent of part of the sensor module and is made by the DSP processor. The following GC0308, on the contrary, is the image Signal Processor, is a real processor, so when you see the ISP in terms of context refers to a specific processor or module components rather than the actual reference.  3, CCM assembly Methods (1), fixed-focus CCM Assembly  CCM is divided into fixed focus module and automatic zoom module, wherein the fixed focus module is mainly composed of lens, mirror seat, photosensitive Circuit, flexible circuit board, reinforcing and steel plate assembly, the Assembly drawing is as follows: (2), Automatic Zoom module assembly The main lens is a VCM voice coil motor (3), 3D module Multiple cameras to capture images, and then Combination: 4, camera technical indicators (1), image resolution/Resolution ( Resolution
VGA 1310720
| QSIF/QQVGA |
x-ray |
19200 |
|
| qcif |
176 x 144 |
25344 |
|
| SIF/QVGA |
x 240 |
76800 |
|
| CIF |
352 x 288 |
101376 |
100,000 pixels |
| 640 x 480 |
307200 |
300,000 pixels (350,000 means 648x488) |
| SVG A |
(x) |
480000 |
500,000 pixels |
| XGA |
1024x768 x 768< /td> |
786438 |
800,000 pixels |
| sxga |
x 1024 |
1.3 million pixels |
| UXGA |
