Different types of software companies, the degree of attention to the test work is also very different. It is recommended that testers choose companies that continue to grow their business. Do project East a hammer West a stick of the company, is does not need the high quality test, they need is the software to hand out as soon as possible, but can not calm down the heart to think, how the quality is done well. It takes a lot of risk to choose such a company.
Next talk about the topic of concern, if you choose the test, how can you stand out from the Test team? The concepts that are often put forward are "two routes of management and Technology", which is too abstract to help us clarify our ideas. There is a view that testing to learn to develop technology, this also does not mention the key points. I think the testers have the following two career development, in other words, software companies most need to have both of these capabilities of the testers. Note that these two abilities do not conflict with each other.
First, constantly improve the testing strategy, improve testing efficiency and quality
At present, many companies testing is based on manual black-box testing, test strategy is relatively single, many students may have encountered in writing test plans, testing strategy that chapter did not know what to write the question. If only black-box testing, will improve the quality of the test on the road to an insurmountable gap. Improving the test strategy requires mastering the development technology, but the technology is just the necessary condition, the more important ability is to be able to systematically plan one thing, analyze the problem in the work, choose the most effective solution, and finally together achieve a common improvement goal. Improved testing strategies typically take into account the following directions: unit Testing (white and gray boxes), automated testing, performance testing, security testing, usability testing, and more. Of course, the specific improvement goals, according to the different business, choose the right direction. However, many of the Test team's human resources are relatively tense, unable to devote too much staff to improve the testing strategy, can be a good solution to this contradiction is very important. What the company needs is to be able to develop effective improvement plans based on the current situation of the Test team and to lead people to improve their testing efficiency.
Second, be able to "eat" business, control the quality of business testing
It needs to be explained that the "eat" business is not synonymous with business. For the test work, familiar with the business is very important, most of the testers after the induction, will start from the understanding of the business, gradually grasp the product line business rules. However, when a tester becomes familiar with a business (becoming a business expert), the problem arises: he/she may be stuck in the test execution of the business, unable to escape, and doing similar work for several years. Even with the addition of new test staff, business experts are not feeling much ease. On the one hand, business experts to the round-the-new training, answer their work problems, training costs are very high; on the other hand, business experts do not rest assured that important functions to the new test, must be tested by themselves, professional development of business professionals have appeared more awkward situation. So we put forward the concept of "eat" business, it is the most familiar with the business of the difference is that when the tester eats a business, the test can be completely handed over to another tester to do, but also to ensure the quality of testing. The key to achieving this goal is the documentation. We need to improve the documentation of test cases, business sedimentation, test designs, test scripts, and more importantly, organize these fragmented documents into a system document system. Note that eating a business does not mean writing a very complete set of documents for this business unit, but rather building a basic, sustainable, and maintainable document System. Business experts after eating a business, you can give this business to someone else, and then start eating the second one, while focusing on the original business of the document refinement process. In this way, the ability to eat business testers, can manage more business needs and testers, and because he/she contacts the business more and more, the perspective of work will gradually improve, become a system-level test engineer and team leader. To design this document system, but also need a good system design capabilities, of course, the most important thing is perseverance. In addition, each business unit of the document System, can also be passed in a batch of testers, everyone will be to maintain, improve it, and learn a lot of experience from it.
"This is mainly about the two kinds of abilities that testers should improve, but the career planning for testers only says:" In the future, it will be technical or managerial. " 】
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"The following article gives a system of growth and knowledge that needs to be mastered, but I think it is a very single system, and the measure may not apply to any company." But it must be good to master the knowledge. 】
Junior Test Engineer – Entry level, with some manual testing experience, developing test scripts and getting familiar with test lifecycle and testing techniques;
Test Engineer – Able to write automated test scripts independently and act as a leader in the early stages of test programming to further develop skills in programming languages, operating systems, networks and databases, but specifically what should be? ）
Advanced Test Engineer-helps develop or maintain test or programming standards and processes, is responsible for peer review, and is able to guide junior test engineers;
Team leader–– generally has about 5 years of working experience and is responsible for managing a small team. Be responsible for scheduling, work size/cost estimation, delivery of product according to schedule and budget target, responsible for the technical method of developing project, can provide support and demonstration to users;
Test Manager – able to act as the entire development lifecycle business within the test area, providing users with interaction and a large number of demos, responsible for project cost, scheduling, planning, and staffing;
Program Manager – with years of experience in development and support (testing/quality assurance) activities, managing people engaged in a number of projects and the entire development lifecycle, taking responsibility for project direction and profit and loss. "It's a management-oriented route."
Career planning:
1. The first stage, learn the automated test tools, learn to write scripts;
2. The second stage, learning to write test plans, test scenarios, test cases;
3. The third stage, learning configuration management, version control, project management, bug management;
4. Phase four, turn to be a manager.
Technical DirectionJust follow the test development path. Eventually become a technical danale, become a core technician in a company
This direction has the highest demand for technology, and is suitable for those who have little interest in management and who want to concentrate on technology. To go down this road, we need to constantly accumulate in the capacity of development, and also require a certain breadth of knowledge and a unique understanding of the profession.
Management direction, work a few years later to the Test manager, the future development is diverse, quality director \ Project manager, etc.
Some people say that management does not need technology, but did not want to do a technical work, they will not be how to manage others, of course, there are exceptions, some managers are indeed relying on their own personality charm to make a team healthy development. But that's just a handful. Most test managers also need to have a certain amount of technical accumulation. And for all work must be more familiar with, black and white box, automation, performance, use case design, configuration management, planning design and so on, and also to adjust the working atmosphere within the team, to develop appropriate incentive mechanism, as a manager in no more than a technician need to accumulate less things.
and
Process ControlProbably the least of the people selected, QA was exhausted, and eventually became the ultimate generation of Process Control consultants
This kind of work requires a lot of patience and self-confidence, need to work in the process of control has its own sentiment, need to be familiar with the theory. It's also a great test of human perseverance.
Other, and do the use case to do extremely, do the functional test to do extremely, do the user experience to do extremely, and so on, in short, all kinds of development direction need to strive to adhere to, any One Direction done is good.
If you are
testers or senior testers who are interested in turning to management development,Then the following points need to be strengthened:
1. Preparation of the test plan (to combine the test project, to control and determine the test personnel, equipment and time to manage the test time)
2. Be familiar with bug tracking tools and software testing procedures. (such as: TD, Bugzilla, CQ, etc.)
3. Be familiar with configuration management tools. (e.g. CVS, VSS, etc.)
4. Be familiar with automation tools. (Example: WinRunner, QTP, Robot, RFT, automation, etc., can be combined with a recorded script to write code)
5. Be familiar with pressure and performance testing tools. (For example: LoadRunner, Webload, silkperformance, etc., can combine the relevant data, analyze the performance bottleneck)
6. Be familiar with or proficient in a language. (Example: Java, C + +)
7. Be familiar with the database. (Example: Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, MySQL)
8. Be familiar with the main operating system. (Example: HP Unix, IBM AIX, Sun Solaris, Red Hat Linux, SuSE Linux, Windows)
9. Able to communicate with foreigners fluently in English and e-mails.
10. Language expression ability, express the problem clearly clear.
11. Strong communication skills, and superior/Development manager to achieve a good test-related/bug matters.
12. The ability to learn technology is strong, can quickly get started with a new technology.
13. Willing to communicate with others.
"I think the following is not very reliable, but can be seen."
Junior Test Engineer: Just out of college or just a few training institutions out of the students, before or have little experience in testing, this stage is mainly to master the most basic test methods, test plans, test cases, test reports, environmental construction. In the Shanghai area of Beijing, the job is generally paid between 2000-5000.
Intermediate Test Engineer: Test engineer who has worked for 2-3 years, can develop test plan independently, write test case, instruct Junior test engineer, etc. In the Shanghai area of Beijing, the job is generally paid between 4000-6000. After reaching the level of intermediate test engineer, future development can exist in many directions:
--"Management direction:
Test leader: Generally 5 people under the team, can bear 2-3 smaller projects (program code is below 5000 lines) or 1 medium and large projects (program code in 5000 lines-25000 rows or so). Beijing Shanghai area, the job salary is generally above 5000, good million.
------------Test Manager: You can manage multiple small test teams, be able to test multiple medium and larger projects, and have a test management capability of at least 1 large projects with more than 25000 lines of program code. The job salary is generally over million, the annual salary of two hundred thousand or three hundred thousand normal.
------------"Quality Manager/Project management: Jump out of test execution and focus on the process. SQA treatment difference is relatively large, but there are more than 2 years of testing or development experience of more than 5000 people should be no problem, good too million.
--"Technical direction:
White box test: This is a lot of developers turned around, generally technically at least to meet the level of technical managers. Relatively good treatment, generally more than 7k, a good annual salary of two hundred thousand or three hundred thousand.
Automated Test direction: skilled use of more than one automated test tools, do a good deal with white box testing some of the fight, generally more than 6k, but recently learned more people, the treatment depreciation may be relatively fast.
Test Analyst/Technical Director: The main responsibility is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the test results of the system, such as defect analysis, performance analysis, etc. Not only the test technical ability is strong, but also has a database, operating system and other aspects of technical knowledge. This treatment is generally over million.
Industry testing experts: Things to dilute for your expensive, the general problem is not big.
Through some of these stages, about 35 years of age, the professional development of the basic bottleneck, at this time as long as the mix is not very bad income generally can be counted on the middle class, the days may still be more depressed, after the direction may have to do training, consulting, start their own business and so on.
In the test line for five or six years, talk about your plans and some ideas:
One, their own planning:
After a few years, accumulated a number of industry experience (e-commerce, telecommunications and communications industry) and management experience (refers to the test management), after all, is a girl, so many years have been constantly learning all kinds of technology, always afraid of backwardness. Long time, feeling still very tired, feel more tired than doing development. So the future direction is: Take the management route. (Of course, this line is not good to go, but after 2 years of management, feel that there is a certain ability in this area, as long as the efforts will be successful)
Do a good job of testing: proactive, confident, able to listen to the acceptance of others ' opinions.
Second, for the test novice, how to work, need to have the knowledge and ability
1, test the basic theory of knowledge, know the test process is what? What are the commonly used documents for testing and how do I write them? What are the test methods?
Method: Go to some test forum (such as: 51testing, test times, 3atesting, a test network, etc.) to find some information to learn. Or buy some books for testing. You can also take the test training.
2. Be familiar with or proficient in a language. (For example: Java, C++,.net,vb,pb,dephi), to be able to read code. Of course it's better to write code independently.
Method: Learn a more popular language, because time is limited can not learn a lot of development language. The process of learning must be to set a time plan for themselves, and the language of this thing is best combined with examples to learn, the main learning design ideas.
3. Be familiar with bug tracking tools. (such as: TD, Bugzilla, CQ, etc.), learning a can, the main can understand the process of the bug is what, how to manage.
Method: To see the information on the Internet, installed tools applicable.
4. Be familiar with configuration management tools. (such as CVS, VSS, etc.), will be one, of course, there is time, 2 kinds of tools will be better.
5. Proficient in Office series tools, strong typesetting ability. Documentation is often written in the test, so this is strong.
6, to be familiar with the database. (Example: Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, MySQL), proficient in a database.
7, be familiar with the mainstream operating system. (Example: Red Hat Linux, Windows)
8, need to enhance the ability:
Ability to learn, strong expression, patience, carefulness, confidence, sense of responsibility, ability to withstand stress, strong communication skills.
These, all need to work hard, can not do surface Kung Fu, then, even if you are in the entry, you will find that you have to learn a lot of things.
Third, after the entry, the knowledge and ability to learn:
1, the Company's culture and system
2, familiar with business, this piece is very important, need to be treated seriously.
3, familiar with the company's development process and testing process.
4, the business familiar with the knowledge of their own to apply to the actual work. Improve your level of testing.
5, develop their own communication skills, and business-related people can communicate well.
6, the problem encountered in the work and the solution to the timely summary of the arrangement.
7, for the company's projects or products to choose the right automated testing tools to help companies improve testing efficiency.
This phase is heavy: familiar with the business, familiar with the work flow
Iv. the knowledge and ability to learn after six months of--1 years
1) Improve the skills of writing use cases.
2) familiar with a unit testing tool. (Depends on the development language of the project or product used by the company)
If the company has always been a developer to do, skip it.
3) familiar with one or two kinds of automation tools. (Functional classes and performance classes, such as: Wr,qtp,lr,robot, etc.)
Suggestions: Learning tools, it is necessary to combine the actual project, so learn quickly and the effect is better.
4) familiar with a test management tool.
(hehe, for the future Test Manager plan)
5) Understand the new business, the development of technology.
The focus of this phase is to improve the level of writing use cases and the use of tools.
Five, many years later, believe that they have their own goals.
1) If you are a full-time performance Test engineer: Proficient in a performance testing tool, and can analyze bottlenecks. (which I did not) (these need to improve the knowledge of many aspects: server, middleware, development, database, etc.)
2) If you are an automated test engineer, proficient in an automated tool and can write scripts independently to understand some of the latest techniques in automated testing.
3) Test Manager. (Technology + Management), which is weak in which block. Listen to others ' opinions and improve your shortcomings.
No matter what you do, you have to have a goal. With the goal, you will stick to the end. Otherwise.....
Career planning for "turn" testers--finishing labeling
