Centos 5.x Linux installation and usage specifications

Document directory

• 1. Server Installation Steps
• 2. Account Management
• 3. Database Management
• 4. Server Directory management
• 5. server data migration

1. Server Installation Step 1.1. Install centos 51.1.1. Start the CD

Set the system to start from the CD.

Insert a centos 5 DVD or CD1 to start installation.

The following interface is displayed to select a graphical interface or character interface for installation:

You can select a graphic or character interface for installation. If you press enter directly, the graphical interface is used. If you enter Linux text, press enter to enter the character interface. In general, if the server is of an old model, such as before December 31, year 34, or all of them are mainstream hardware configurations, such as Intel servers, ATI or NVIDIA graphics cards, you can select a graphical interface; for non-mainstream hardware configuration, it is best to select the character interface. If the character interface is selected, the logon interface is the character interface after the installation is complete; otherwise, the GUI is used.

Here we select the character interface.

1.1.2. Check the CD

The check cd Page appears.

If the disk is a new optical disk, you can skip this process. If the disk has been used for a long time, you can select OK to start the test. Here, select skip to skip the test.

1.1.3. Select the installation Language

The character interface can only use English, but the selection here will directly affect the language of the later operating system. Therefore, if we want to make the language of the Operating System Chinese in the future, we should select Simplified Chinese here, although the installer automatically sets the installation language to English, after the installation is complete, the system variable Lang will be Zh. UTF-8.

1.1.4. Select the keyboard layout

Retain the default value. Continue.

1.1.5. Select the partition type

Select Custom partition here.

1.1.6. Partition

The/var directory stores the web pages of the Apache server, Oracle Data, MySQL data, and other content, which will continue to grow, so try to keep a larger space.

The/directory is the installation directory of Linux. If it is fully installed, it must be at least 5 GB.

Swap partition is a swap partition with a size of at least 2 * memory.

If Linux is fully installed, you can select automatic partitioning. Otherwise, you can perform manual partitioning as follows:

/10g +

Swap 2 * Memory

/Var rest

1.1.7. Select bootloader

Retain the default value.

1.1.8. Configure bootloader

Retain the default value.

1.1.9. Set the start Password

Retain the default value.

1.1.10. set to start other operating systems

Retain the default value.

1.1.11. Set the installation location of bootloader

Retain the default value.

1.1.12. Configure the network

You can configure the network as needed.

1.1.13. Configure gateway and DNS

Modify network configuration parameters as needed.

1.1.14. Server Name

Set the hostname.

1.1.15. Set the time zone

Select Asia/Shanghai.

Do not check "system clock uses UTC"

1.1.16. Set the password

Set the root password.

1.1.17. Select the installation package

Select "Custom" for the installation package"

1.1.18. Custom Installation

Select All installation packages except Java.

Then, the system checks the dependency of the installation package.

1.1.19. Start Installation

Click OK.

1.1.20. Prompt for media Installation

Select continue to start installation.

1.1.21. Configuration after installation

1) start for the first time

After the installation is started for the first time, a configuration interface will pop up during the startup process. You need to configure the security function:

Configure the firewall to disable SELinux.

Configure the external port of the firewall:

Open the external access permissions for telnet, ssh, HTTP, https, and FTP, and then enable UDP port 177 and TCP port from 6000 ~ 6010 to facilitate XDMCP connection configuration. Open TCP ports 1521 and 1158 to facilitate the configuration of the Oracle database.

Be sure to correctly configure the Internet so that you can install the extension package online.

2) configure the XDMCP connection

• Change the running level to 5

Open the/etc/inittab and set the init running level 5:

ID: 5: initdefault:

• Open XDMCP

For:

Enable/etc/TPD/custom. conf to set enable to 1 in the [XDMCP] Option.

[XDMCP]

Enable = 1

For KDM:

Open/usr/share/config/KDM/xaccess

Remove:

# * # Any host can get a login window

The comment symbol is changed:

* # Any host can get a login window

Open/usr/share/config/KDM/kdmrc and set:

[XDMCP]

Enable = true

3) set Chinese fonts to facilitate Oracle 10g Installation

Go to/usr/share/fonts.

Copy the Chinese directory to the zh_cn directory and enter the TrueType directory. Copy uming. TTF to zysong. TTF:

CP-R./Chinese./zh_cn

CD zh_cn/TrueType

CP./uming. TTF./zysong. TTF

4) configure the FTP server

Configure vsftpd:

Chkconfig vsftpd on

Service vsftpd start

Restart the server.

1.1.22. Configure Automatic ADSL dialing

For home networking, You need to configure ADSL automatic dialing:

ADSL-Setup

Enter the ADSL account and password as prompted.

Configure Gateway:

In/etc/sysctl. conf

# Controls IP packet forwarding

Net. ipv4.ip _ forward = 1

In/etc/sysconfig/Network

Forward_ipv4 = Yes

In/etc/rc. d/rc. Local

Service iptables restart

In/etc/sysconfig/iptables

# Firewall configuration written by petehero

# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.

# Note: IFUP-post will punch the current nameservers through

# Firewall; such entries will ** not * be listed here.

* Mangle

: Prerouting accept [0: 0]

: Input accept [0: 0]

: Forward accept [0: 0]

: Output accept [0: 0]

: Postrouting accept [0: 0]

Commit

* Nat

: Prerouting accept [0: 0]

: Postrouting accept [0: 0]

: Output accept [0: 0]

-A postrouting-s 192.168.1.0/24-O ppp0-J Masquerade

Commit

* Filter

: Input accept [0: 0]

: Forward accept [0: 0]

: Output accept [0: 0]

Commit

Now you can connect to the Internet and run the ping command to test the connection.

1.1.23. apache2 Installation

1) configure the Apache server

When the system is installed, an Apache user has been created, and the default user of the Apache server is Apache. Therefore, we set the Apache server to start with the Apache user.

Chown-r Apache: Apache/var/WWW

Usermod-D/var/www-S/bin/bash Apache

Passwd Apache

Su-Apache

CP/etc/skel/. Bash *./

Exit

Chkconfig httpd on

Edit/etc/httpd/CONF/httpd. conf, set servername, and then start Apache

# Service httpd start

Use an Apache user to create a directory under the/var/WWW directory

Mkdir backup

Mkdir Cron

Mkdir geodata

Mkdir upload

2) Remote logon is blocked with the root account.

VI/etc/ssh/sshd_config

Change # permitrootlogin yes to permitrootlogin No

Service sshd restart

1.1.24. Install MySQL

1) run the following command with the root user:

Chkconfig mysqld on

Service mysqld start

Mysql-u root-P

Modify the MySQL Root User Password.

1.1.25. PHP installation

1) run the following command with the root user:

Yum-y install PHP-devel PHP-mbstring PHP-mcrypt PHP-mhash PHP-Gd PHP-mysql PHP-pear PHP-XML

Service httpd restart

2) Upgrade the pear Library

Pear channel-update pear.php.net

Pear upgrade-all

Pear install-a log html_treemenu http_client phpunit2

3) install Dio and use the root user to enter the dio directory (whether required or not)

Phpize

./Configure; Make; make install

VI/etc/PHP. d/dio. ini

Extension = dio. So

Service httpd restart

4) install oci8 with the root user

First, here:

Http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/oci/instantclient/htdocs/linuxsoft.html

Download the latest ie Instant Client software, including basic and SDK

# Rpm-IVH oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm

# Rpm-IVH oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm

# PECL install oci8

Input:

Instantclient,/usr/lib/Oracle/11.2/client/lib

# Vi/etc/PHP. d/oci8.ini

; Enable oci8 extension module

Extension = oci8.so

# Service httpd restart

1.1.26. Install Perl Components

1) run the following command with the root user:

Yum-y install Perl-geo-IP

1.1.27. Install zendoptimizer

Decompress the binary file of zendoptimizer and run install. Sh as the root user.

Tar zxvf./ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz

Sh./install. Sh

1.1.28. Install cronolog

Run the following command with the root user in the extracted cronolog source code directory:

./Configure; Make; make install

1.1.29. Install JDK

First, delete the original Java

Rm/usr/bin/Java

Rm/etc/alternatives/Java

Add the running permission to the JDK binary file, and then run

Chmoda + X./jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin

/Jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin

1.1.30. Install Oracle 10g for Linux x86_64

Refer:

Http://www.52zhe.cn/read.php/132.htm

Required software and documentation:
1: Document
Http://www.oracle.com/pls/db102/homepage
2: Software
Http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html
Filename: 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
Preparations for the pre-Installation of part I Oracle
After the system is complete, check the required RPM package. For more information about the required software packages (URL), see the Oracle documentation ). This is the most important reference document. Finally, we can find all these packages based on the document. It is really not easy. This is always missing in the past.

[Root @ Minot ~] # Rpm-Q binutils compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c ++ compat-libstdc ++-33 control-center GCC gcc-C ++ gdbm glibc-common glibc-devel libgcc libgnome libstdc ++-devel libxp make sysstat util-Linux
[Root @ Minot ~] # Yum install compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c ++ compat-libstdc ++-33 GCC gcc-C ++ glibc-devel libstdc ++-devel sysstat libxp

Insert a few words: When you find any prompts, such as missing this library or that library. You can use the following Yum command example to query which RPM package this library belongs to. The RPM command can only query installed. (Rpm-QF)

[Root @ Minot ~] # Yum whatprovides library name

The following files, such as kernel parameters, ensure that the pre-Installation of Oracle is successful. Run the following command:

Add the following content at the end of line VI/etc/sysctl. conf:

#20071212 add content for Oracle install

Kernel. Shmall = 2097152

Kernel. shmmax = 2147483648

Kernel. shmmni = 4096

# Semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

Kernel. SEM = 250 32000 100 128

FS. File-max = 65536

Net. ipv4.ip _ local_port_range = 1024 65000

Net. Core. rmem_default = 262144

Net. Core. rmem_max = 262144

Net. Core. wmem_default = 262144

Net. Core. wmem_max = 262144

Run the following command. Import the parameters just written. If this parameter is not executed, an alert is reported for Oracle detection before installation.

Sysctl-P

Add the following content at the end of line VI/etc/security/limits. conf:

#20071212 add content for Oracle install

* Soft nproc 2047

* Hard nproc 16384

* Soft nofile 1024

* Hard nofile 65536

Add the following content at the end of the line VI/etc/PAM. d/login:

#20071212 add content for Oracle install

Session required pam_limits.so

VI/etc/SELinux/config ensure the following content

SELinux = disabled

Click here to confirm.

Part II install oracle as an oracle user
Create oracle users and some installation directories.

Groupadd DBA

Groupadd oinstall

Useradd-G oinstall-g dba-M Oracle

Passwd Oracle

Mkdir-P/opt/Oracle

Chown-r oracle. oinstall/opt/Oracle

Place the Oracle Installation File in the home directory and decompress it.

Gzip-DC 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz | cpio-Div

Add environment variables and define Sid.

Su-Oracle

Vi. bash_profile

#--------------------------------------

# Set for Oracle10g install;

#--------------------------------------

Trap "" 0 1 2 3 5 9 15

Trap clear 0

Export TMP =/tmp

Export tmpdir = $ TMP

Export oracle_base =/opt/Oracle

Export ORACLE_HOME = $ oracle_base/product/10.2.0/db_1

Export oracle_sid = orcl

Export oracle_term = xterm

Export Path =/usr/sbin: $ path

Export Path = $ ORACLE_HOME/bin: $ path

# Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH = $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH: $ ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/local/lib

Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH = $ ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/x11r6/lib64/

Export classpath = $ ORACLE_HOME/JRE: $ ORACLE_HOME/jlib: $ ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

Export ld_assume_kernel = 2.6.18

Export nls_lang = "simplified chinese_china". utf8

Lc_ctype = zh_cn.utf8

Lc_all = zh_cn.utf8

Lang = zh_cn.utf8

Umask 022

#

Reference environment variables

Source ~ /. Bash_profile

Install runinstall and dbca.
Note the following options during graph installation:/runinstall: select Advanced installation.
The language options are simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese. Select to only install the database, and then use dbca to create a database.
1 Archive 2: All utf8 Chinese language 3: Activate Scott after installation for testing
Note: There is no problem with the installation of the Chinese utf8 environment. The graphic interface is displayed. It is not described in detail here.

~ /Database/runinstaller
Dbca

After Part III is installed, adjust dbstart and add the self-starting script.
An error is reported when $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart is run,
Failed to auto-start Oracle Net listene using/Ade/vikrkuma_new/Oracle/bin/tnslsnr
Solution: Modify the dbstart file and find oracle_home_listner =/Ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle.

Su-Oracle
VI 'which dbstart'
Oracle_home_listner = $ ORACLE_HOME

Modify the/etc/oratab File

Minot:/datas/apps/Oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1: Y

Create a self-starting script.
Explain the following line in the script: # chkconfig: 2345 80 05
The three groups of numbers indicate "Startup Mode", "startup sequence", and "close sequence"
Oracle 10g has started LSNRCTL in its own dbstart, so the following script commented out the LSNRCTL startup.

Touch dbora

Chmod 700 dbora

VI dbora

#! /Bin/bash

#

# Chkconfig: 2345 80 05

# Description: Oracle 10g Server

#/Etc/init. d/dbora

#

# Run-level STARTUP script for the Oracle instance, listener, and

# Web Interface

Export oracle_base =/opt/Oracle

Export ORACLE_HOME = $ oracle_base/product/10.2.0/db_1

Export oracle_sid = orcl

Export Path = $ path: $ ORACLE_HOME/bin

Ora_ownr = "oracle"

# If the executables do not exist -- Display Error

If [! -F $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart-o! -D $ ORACLE_HOME]

Then

Echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"

Exit 1

Fi

# Depending on Parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart

# Of the instance and listener or usage display

Case "$1" in

Start)

# Oracle listener and instance startup

Echo-n "Starting ORACLE :"

# Su $ ora_ownr-c "$ ORACLE_HOME/bin/LSNRCTL start"

Su $ ora_ownr-C $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart

Touch/var/lock/Oracle

Su $ ora_ownr-c "$ ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"

Su $ ora_ownr-c "$ ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctl start"

Echo "OK"

;;

Stop)

# Oracle listener and instance Shutdown

Echo-n "shutdown ORACLE :"

# Su $ ora_ownr-c "$ ORACLE_HOME/bin/LSNRCTL stop"

Su $ ora_ownr-C $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut

Rm-F/var/lock/Oracle

Su $ ora_ownr-c "$ ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"

Su $ ora_ownr-c "$ ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctl stop"

Echo "OK"

;;

Reload | restart)

$0 stop

$0 start

;;

*)

Echo "Usage: 'basename $ 0' START | stop | restart | reload"

Exit 1

Esac

Exit 0

CP dbora/etc/rc. d/init. d

Chkconfig -- add dbora

Chkconfig -- list | grep dbora

Dbora 0: Disable 1: Disable 2: Enable 3: Enable 4: Enable 5: Enable 6: Disable

Part IV introduction and supplement of some services
Main service start Modes

A: $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart | dbshut
B: $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/LSNRCTL START | stop listener START | close.
C: $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl START | stop dbconsole
Access http: // yourip: 1158/em
D: $ ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctl START | stop
Access http: // yourip: 5560/isqlplus

2. Account Management

Create a separate account for each user who needs to log on to the server and grant the account group permissions to the user. For example, if you need to develop a web program, grant the Apache Group Permissions. Everyone must use their own account to log on to the server. If the root account is required, log on with the Development Account and use the su command to convert it to the root user:

Su-Root

The root account does not support remote logon.

The user permission for Apache Runtime is Apache

3. Database Management

Each business connects to the database using an independent user. The business cannot use root to connect to the database.

4 Server Directory management 4.1 installation directory of Common Software

All programs, documents, and other content to be maintained are stored in the following directory:

/Var/WWW

Create the following sub-directories in this directory:

SRC --- program source code

Cron --- crontab Program

Proc --- processes running by the System

Upload --- upload content

Cgi-bin --- CGI program

Htdocs --- directory pointed to during access with an IP address

Www.domain.com --- the directory to which the domain name directs

Log-logs recorded by the program running

Dump --- database dump content

Resource --- resource file

Cache --- temporary Cache

Test --- program used for testing

Temp --- directory of temporary files

Backup --- directory used for backup

4.2 log format

File Name format

The log content can be in two formats: separated by commas (,) or fixed length. Each log directory must have a ReadMe file (UTF-8 encoding) describing the log format.

5. server data migration

• Use the mysqldump program to export useful tables in the MySQL database

• Back up httpd. conf of Apache

• Backup/svnroot

• Backup crontab

• Backup/etc/rc. d/rc. Local

• Backup network configuration