CentOS Directory tree Detailed explanation

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/boot The directory is the Linux boot file and kernel that is stored by default.

initramfs-* The main source of the module supply when the system is started

The virtual disk that is required to boot the system system.map-* the System.map file is an index file that records the location of symbols in kernel and symbols includes a variable or function name.

Vmlinuz-* is actually the kernel of the system.

Kernel is mainly responsible for the North Bridge, South Bridge, CPU and memory, they are the entire host is the most important part of the hardware, kernel if there is a problem, the system must not start up;

config-* for system kernel configuration file

/bin common commands for Linux in this directory.

    at 将文件链接到标准输出    chgrp 改变文件所在组    chmod 改变文件访问权限    chown 改变文件所有者和组    cp 复制文件和目录    date 打印或者设置系统日期和时间    dd 转换和复制文件    df 报告文件系统磁盘空间使用情况    dmesg 打印或控制内核消息缓存区    echo 显示一行文本    false 什么也不做，只返回不成功的工具    hostname 显示或者设置系统主机名    kill 向进程发送消息    ln 文件之间创建链接    login 在系统上开启会话    ls 列出目录文件    mkdir 创建目录    mknod 创建块或字符设备文件    more 按页翻看文件    mount 挂载文件系统    mv 移动或重命名文件    ps 查看系统进程状况    pwd 打印当前工作目录路径    rm 删除文件或目录    rmdir 删除空目录    sed 流文本编辑器    sh Bourne 命令shell    stty 改变和打印终端行设置    su 切换用户ID    sync 清理文件系统缓存    true 什么也不做，只返回成功    umount 卸载文件系统    uname 打印系统信息    tar 档案工具    gzip GNU压缩工具    gunzip GNU解压工具    zcat GUN解压工具    netsatart 网络统计工具    ping ICMP网络测试工具

/sbin This directory is used to store the hypervisor used by the system administrator.

fsck.* 针对某一特定文件系统检查和修复shutdown 关闭系统fsck 文件系统检查和修复fdisk 操作分区表mkfs.* 创建特定的文件系统mkswap 设置交换分区命令init 初始化启动级别ifconfig 配置网络update 周期性清洗文件系统缓存的后台服务mkfs 创建文件系统halt 关机命令/sbin/sysctl -p 立即生效内核配置swapon 启用交换分区runlevel 查看系统启动级别reboot 重启系统swapoff 关闭交换分区route IP路由表

/var The directory contains files that are frequently modified, including various logs and data files.

/var/tmp　系统两次启动之间的临时数据/var/spool 　　mail, news, 打印队列和其他队列工作的目录/var/run　有关正在运行的进程数据/var/log　各种程序的日志文件和目录/var/lock　锁定文件/var/local 是/usr/local中安装程序的可变数据/var/lib 系统运行时的改变的文件/var/cache 应用程序缓存

/etc The directory holds various configuration files and subdirectories to be used in system administration, such as network configuration file, file system, x system configuration file, device configuration information, setting user information, etc.

/etc/login.defs set user account limit file/etc/skel/when creating a user by default, copy the directory to the home directory/etc/redhat-release View the system version/etc/exports set the configuration file path for the NFS system/ ETC/INIT.D This directory to hold the system startup script/ETC/PROFILE/ETC/CSH.LOGIN/ETC/CSH.CSHRC Global System environment configuration variable/etc/sudoers sudo command configuration file/etc/ syslog.conf System log parameter configuration/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 NIC device eth0 configuration/etc/sysconfig/network IP, mask, gateway, hostname configuration/etc /securetty root User Login TTY access control/etc/shadow The shadow password file on the system on which the shadow password software is installed. The shadow password file moves the encrypted password in the/etc/passwd file to/etc/shadow, The latter is only readable by root. This makes it more difficult to decipher the password./etc/printcap printer configuration. Different printer syntax is different. /etc/shells Valid login Shell path name/etc/resolv.conf DNS server configuration/etc/mtab file system dynamic information such as DF command/etc/hosts local domain name resolution file/etc/issue at logon prompt Output information. Typically includes a short description of the system or a welcome message. The content is determined by the system administrator./etc/magic file's profile. Contains a description of the different file formats, file based on which it guesses the type of files./ETC/MOTD message prompt file after login for the same day/etc/ Inittab adjust the system boot level profile/etc/group similar to/etc/passwd, but not the user but the group/etc/modprobe.conf the additional parameter settings for the kernel Module/etc/fstab command at startup (in/ ETC/RC or equivalent in the startup file) automatically mount the file system list. Linux also includes information about the swap area enabled with SWAPON-A./etc/passwd user database, where the domain gives the user name, real name, home directory, encrypted password, and other information of the user./etc/rc or/ETC/RC.D or/ETC/RC*.D Startor change the directory at run level scripts or scripts. 

/dev The directory contains all the external devices used in the Linux system, which is actually a port to access these external devices, and access to these external devices is no different from accessing a file or a directory.

/dev/urandom：随机数设备/dev/pilot => /dev/ttyS[0-9]/dev/random：随机数设备/dev/modem => /dev/ttyS[0-9]/dev/cdrom => /dev/hdc/dev/fb[0-31]：framebuffer/dev/console：控制台/dev/lp[0-3]：并口/dev/ttyS[0-3]：串口/dev/tty[0-63]：虚拟终端/dev/zero：无限零资源/dev/null：无限数据接收设备,相当于黑洞/dev/ram[0-15]：内存/dev/loop[0-7]：本地回环设备/dev/md[0-31]：软raid设备/dev/fd[0-7]：标准软驱/dev/sd[a-z]：SCSI设备/dev/hd[a-t]：IDE设备

/mnt temporarily hangs other file systems in this directory.

#挂载光驱mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom#挂载光驱，支持中文mount -t iso9660 -o codepage=936,iocharset=cp936 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom#挂载 Windows 分区，FAT文件系统mount -t vfat /dev/hda3 /mnt/cdrom#挂载 Windows 分区，NTFS文件系统mount -t ntfs -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/hda7 /mnt/had7#挂载 ISO 文件mount -o loop /abc.iso /mnt/cdrom#挂载 软驱mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy#挂载闪盘mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/cdrom#挂载 Windows 操作系统共享的文件夹mount -t smbfs -o username=guest,password=guest //machine/path /mnt/cdrom

/root If you are logged in as a superuser, this is the home directory of the Superuser.

/home If a user named "XX" is established, then there is a corresponding "/home/xx" path in the/* directory to hold the user's master directory.

The applications and files of the/USR user are almost always stored in this directory.

/X11R6 存放X window系统/bin 存放增加的用户程序/dict 存放字典/doc 存放追加的文档/etc 存放设置文件/games 存放游戏和教学文件/include 存放C开发工具的头文件/info 存放GNU信息文件/lib 存放库文件/local 存放本地产生的增加的应用程序/man 存放在线帮助文件/sbin 存放增加的管理程序/share 存放结构独立的数据/src 存放程序的源代码

/lib This directory is used to store system dynamic link shared libraries, and almost all applications will use shared libraries in that directory.

/OPT third-party software will find this directory by default when it is installed, so it is empty when you do not have the software installed, but if you delete it later, you may be in trouble when installing such software.

/tmp is used to store temporary files generated when different programs are executed, and the directory is automatically cleaned up by the system.

/lost+found the directory is empty in most cases. However, when a sudden power outage, or abnormal shutdown, some files are temporarily stored in

/proc can obtain system information in this directory, which is generated in memory by the system itself, the contents of the directory is not on the hard disk and in memory

/proc/buddyinfo the number of blocks per order in each memory area is available, and the memory fragmentation issue concerns the/proc/execdomains Linux kernel currently supports execution Domains/proc/mdstat multiple drives, RAID configuration information (Md=multiple disks)/proc/ioports the registered port range used by the input and output of one device/proc/kcore represents the physical memory of the system, stored as a core file format, with the number of bytes displayed inside, equals RAM size plus 4kb/proc/loadavg load status based on CPU and IO status over time, related information about/proc/meminfo RAM used by the uptime command/proc/misc other major devices (device Number 10) On the registered driver/proc/modules all modules loaded into the kernel list/proc/mounts all mounted/PROC/MTRR systems used in the system use memory Type Range registers (mtrrs)/proc/ The block allocation information in the partitions partition/proc/slabinfo all active slab cache information in the system/proc/stat all the CPU activity information/PROC/FB the list of frame buffer devices, including the number and the driver that controls it/proc/ Sysrq-trigger when using the echo command to write this file, the remote root user can perform most of the system request critical commands as if they were executed on the local terminal. To write this file, the/PROC/SYS/KERNEL/SYSRQ cannot be set to 0. This file is also unreadable to root/proc/filesystems kernel currently supports file system type/PROC/KMSG record kernel generated information, can be processed by/SBIN/KLOGD or/BIN/DMESG/proc/locks Kernel-locked file list/proc/uptime How long the system has been running/proc/swaps swap space usage/proc/version The Linux kernel version and the GCC version/proc/bus directory for system bus information, such as pci/ USB and other/proc/driver directory storage driver Information/proc/fs directory file system Information/PROC/IRQ interrupt request device Information/proc/net directory, network card device information/PROC/SCSI SCSI device Information/PROC/DMA ISA registered for use DMA channel list/proc/tty TTY device information/proc/net/dev Display network adapter and statistics/proc/vmstat virtual memory statistics/proc/vmcore kernel panic memory image/proc/diskstats Get disk information/proc/schedstat Kernel Scheduler statistics/proc/zoneinfo display memory space statistics, useful for analyzing virtual memory Behavior/proc/cmdline parameter information passed to kernel at startup/proc/ Cpuinfo CPU Information/proc/devices the devices that have been loaded and sorted

 

CentOS Directory tree Detailed explanation