Chapter 3 Linux and Hardware collocation

3.1Linux and hardware collocation:

3.1.1 Know the hardware configuration of the computer:

3.1.2 Choose a host configuration that matches Linux:

Because of the early hardware configuration may be due to the problem of storage or electronic parts aging caused by the computer system very prone to the crash phenomenon. Linux, which is pieced together with old parts, should pay special attention when using computer systems.

Cpu:

RAM: Small memory can affect overall performance.

Hard disk: If it is a general small server, the focus is on capacity, if the server as a backup or file server is not so much to consider the advanced disk array

Vga:

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD:

3.1.3 The file name of each hardware device in Linux:

Each device in Linux is treated as a file.

3.2.2 Disk Composition review:

The first sector of the entire disk is important because it records two important messages:

Primary boot partition: The place where the boot loader can be installed is 446byte; (Mater boot Record)

Partition table: Record the status of the entire hard disk partition, 64byte; (partition table)

3.2.3 Disk partition table: (Partition Table)

In the 64byte capacity of the partitioned table, there are four sets of record areas, each of which records the revelation of the segment and the end of the cylinder number.

Partitions are set for 64byte partition tables.

The default partition table for a hard disk can only write four sets of partition information.

The smallest unit of a partition is a cylinder

Four groups of partitions are primary partitions or extended partitions

The meaning of partitioning: data security, performance considerations

A partitioned table can only record space for four partitions of data. However, you can divide a hard disk into more than 10 partitions.

The partition where the first sector is located can only record four data, can I use additional sectors to record more partition information?

Introduce concept extended partitioning: It is the use of additional sectors to record the information of the partition, can not be formatted.

Logical partition: The partition that is cut out by the extended partition. Starting from number 5.

Summary: There are up to four primary partitions and extended partitions.

The extended partition has a maximum of one.

Logical partitions are partitions that are continuously cut out by the extended partition

Partitions that can be formatted as data access are primary and logical partitions. The extended partition could not be formatted.

Logical partitions are different depending on the operating system.

If the extended partition is destroyed then all logical partitions will be deleted.

Because the partition table and MBR that are logged in the first sector are very important, you should start from this sector as long as you read the hard disk. If the first sector is physically broken, then the hard drive is useless.

3.2.4 boot process and primary boot partition:

CMOS: A memory that records various hardware parameters and is embedded on the motherboard.

1.BIOS: It is the first program that the computer system will go to when booting up (write to a software on the hardware)

2.MBR: The primary boot partition block in the first sector of the first bootable device, containing the loader.

3. Boot loader: Software that can read kernel files to execute

4. kernel file: Start the function of the operating system.

Boot loader: Provide menu, load kernel file, transfer to other loader

The boot loader can be installed in the boot sector of each partition in addition to the MBR.

Summary: Each partition has its own boot sector.

The actual cabinet files that can be turned on are placed within each partition.

3.2.5 Linux Environment, the choice of disk partitioning

Directory tree structure: A file structure that is based on the root and presents a branching form.

File system and Directory tree relationships: Use a directory as an entry point and place the data in the partition below that directory. That is, entering the directory is the meaning of reading the partition.