Chapter 4 Project Quality Management

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• 8.1 planning Quality
• 8.2 Implement Quality Assurance
• 8.3 Implement Quality Control

Chapter 4 Project Quality Management

 
Resolution:Project Quality Management aims to ensure that the project meets the established quality requirements and that the project products can play the established functions.
 

 
Resolution:Quality management questions may be difficult during PMP exams.
 

 
Resolution:Quality management is more important to the value (concept) issue than to the technical issue.
 

 
Citation: The quality is different from the level. Quality is the degree to which a series of internal features meet the requirements, while the level is the classification of products or services with the same purpose but different technical characteristics ".
 

 
Resolution:Improving quality can increase productivity and reduce costs. Poor quality and low level are not the same thing. If you do not have enough cost to meet the established project requirements, you can lower the project level (reduce the scope of the project and reduce the project's achievements ).
 

 
Yes, but it cannot sacrifice quality.
 

 
Citation: failing to meet the quality requirements is definitely a problem, and low level is not necessarily a problem.
 

 
Citation: exact is different from accurate. Accuracy means that the results of repeated measurements are very aggregated and the degree of discretization is small. Accuracy means that the measured value is very close to the actual value.
 

 
Citation: prevention is better than inspection. Quality is planned, designed, and built, rather than checked out.
 

Resolution:Several important quality management concepts highlighted by PMI include (most of them are also in total quality management): Quality refers to meeting requirements and is suitable for use.
 

 
Resolution:A good quality product is applicable to the requirements, rather than higher quality products.
 

 
Resolution:Against "gold plating ". This is the first time you have done the right thing. Quality is free. Prevention is better than inspection. Continuous improvement, or "khasen ". Time-based (zero inventory) management. Comprehensive Quality Management.
 

 
Citation: continuous improvement. The plan-implementation-inspection-action (PDCA) cycle proposed by Shewhart and developed by Dai Ming is the basis for quality improvement.
 

 
Citation: the responsibility of the management. The success of the project requires the participation of all members of the project team, but the management has the responsibility to provide the required resources for the project.
 

 
Resolution:Who is responsible for quality? The entire project team is responsible for the quality of the project. The project manager is ultimately responsible for project quality.Generally, managers are 85% responsible for quality, while workers are only 15% responsible.
 

 
Resolution:Quality Cost is the total cost of all efforts to meet the quality standards of products or services, that is, all costs incurred in the production of products or services according to quality standards.Quality Cost includes both
 

 
The cost of the required work, that is, the consistency cost, and the cost in case of non-conformity of quality, that is, the inconsistency cost.Prevention costs and evaluation costs are consistent costs, while failure costs are
 

Inconsistent costs.
 

 
Resolution:Several important quality management figures: Dai Ming. Important contributions include Dai minghuan, 14-step method of comprehensive quality management, continuous improvement, prevention over inspection, etc. Zhu LAN. Emphasize that quality is "suitable for use", and put forward quality and grade
 

 
Difference between them, and propose three steps of Quality Management (quality planning, control and improvement ).Krause. Emphasize that quality is "compliant with requirements", put forward zero defects and do things right for the first time, and put forward that quality can be "inconsistent"
 

 
(When the cost of inconsistency is zero, the quality is good, so it can be said that the quality is free .)Ishikawa. Put forward the Quality Circle And Fishbone Diagram, and summarize the seven traditional quality management tools.Tian Kou. Proposal
 

 
The loss function is used to propose a design method (the quality is first designed and then manufactured) and an experiment design method is proposed.
 

8.1 planning Quality

 
Citation: Planning quality is the process of identifying the quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its products and describing in writing how the project will meet these requirements and/or standards.
 

 
Citation: commercial demonstration of each quality activity is to compare its possible costs and expected benefits.
 

 
Citation: Quality costs include all costs incurred in order to prevent non-conformities during the product life cycle, to evaluate whether the product or service meets the requirements, and for failing to meet the requirements (rework. Consistency cost: prevention cost (Production
 

Qualified Products): training, process documentation, equipment, selection of the right time for doing things; Evaluation cost (evaluation quality): Loss Caused by testing and destructive testing, inspection. Fees used to prevent failures during the project period.
 

 
Non-Consistency costs: Internal Failure costs (discovered within the project), rework, waste products; External failure costs (discovered by the customer): responsibility, warranty, business loss. Used to handle failures during and after the project is completed
 

 
Fees.
 

 
Citation: statistical sampling refers to selecting some samples from the target population for inspection.
 

 
Resolution:In view of the importance of the Control Chart in quality management and PMP tests, we further explain the control chart: the control chart is widely used and can be used to monitor quality, it can also be used to monitor the progress, cost, and resource consumption.
 

 
Resolution:A Control Chart can be used to track the performance of a repetitive process, for example, whether the quality of similar products in different batches is stable, or to track the accumulative progress and cost performance.
 

 
Resolution:Seven rules. Empirical rules similar to the second-eight law.
 

 
Resolution:Any observations to be investigated and analyzed in the control chart are caused by non-random reasons.
 

 
Resolution:Deviations caused by any random reason are acceptable, and do not mean that the process is out of control. Deviations caused by any non-random reason are unacceptable and all mean that the process is out of control.
 

 
Citation: A flowchart is a graphical representation of a process. It is used to display the relationships between steps in the process.
 

 
Citation: Quality Management Plan describes how the project management team will implement the quality policies of the Organization. It is an integral part of a project management plan or a subplan.
 

Citation: A quality measurement indicator is an operational definition that describes the attributes of a project or product and how the quality control process measures it in a very specific language.
 

 
Citation: a checklist is a structured tool that lists the specific content to verify whether a required series of steps have been performed.
 

 
Resolution:Quality deviation does not necessarily constitute a quality defect. A large deviation constitutes a quality defect.
 

8.2 Implement Quality Assurance

 
Citation: implementing quality assurance is the process of auditing quality requirements and quality control measurement results, ensuring the adoption of reasonable quality standards and operational definitions.
 

 
Citation: quality audit is an independent structured audit used to determine whether project activities comply with policies, processes, andProgram.
 

 
Citation: the goal of quality audit is to identify all the good/best practices in implementation, identify all gaps/deficiencies, and share the good practices of similar projects in the organization and/or industry; actively and proactively provide assistance to improve the process
 

 
Implementation to help production efficiency; Emphasize that each audit should contribute to the accumulation of organizational experience and lessons learned.
 

 
Citation: quality audits can be conducted either in advance or randomly; they can be conducted by internal or external auditors.
 

8.3 Implement Quality Control

 
Citation: Implementing quality control is the process of monitoring and recording the results of executing quality activities to evaluate performance and recommend necessary changes. Quality control works throughout the project. Quality standards include both quality standards for the project process and
 

 
Quality standards of project products; project achievements include both deliverables and project management achievements, such as cost and schedule performance.
 

 
Citation: the project management team should have practical statistical knowledge on quality control, especially sampling and probability knowledge, in order to evaluate the quality control results.
 

Citation: Property sampling (results are qualified, or unqualified) and Variable Sampling (The position of the result is indicated on the continuous scale to indicate the degree of conformity ).
 

 
Citation: the causal chart, also known as Ishikawa or fishbone chart, intuitively shows how various factors are associated with potential problems or results. It can be used for root cause analysis. The cause can also be used for risk analysis.
 

 
Citation: when a process is within an acceptable boundary, it is controlled and does not need to be adjusted. On the contrary, when the process exceeds an acceptable boundary, it should be adjusted.
 

 
Citation: a percentile chart is a special histogram sorted by occurrence frequency. It shows the number of defects caused by each identified cause. The purpose of sorting is to focus on corrective actions. The project team must first deal
 

 
The cause of the most defects. This law is generally referred to as the 80/20 principle, that is, 80% of problems are caused by 20% of the reasons.
 

 
Citation: a trend chart is equivalent to a control chart without boundaries. It is used to reflect the history and pattern of a change. It is a linear chart that identifies data points in the order of occurrence.
 

 
Citation: A scatter chart shows the relationship between two variables. The closer the data point is to the diagonal, the closer the relationship between the two variables.
 

 
Citation: inspection can also be referred to as review, peer review, audit or inspection.
 

 
Resolution:During the exam, you may be asked to differentiate between quality assurance and quality control.
 

 
Resolution:If the project involved meets the requirements as a whole, it is quality assurance; if the specific deliverables involved in the project meet the requirements, it is quality control.
 

 
Resolution:If a summary of lessons learned is involved, quality audit is performed, that is, quality audit is performed, and quality assurance is performed. If a request for approved changes (defect remediation measures) is involved) the confirmation of the execution is the quality
 

Volume control.
 

 
Resolution:If it is in the project implementation stage, it is quality assurance; if it is in the project monitoring stage, it is quality control. Quality Assurance also involves improving the confidence of key stakeholders that the project will meet the quality requirements, even if they bring
 

 
Colored glasses that are good for us.
 

 
Resolution:Quality control outputs "quality control measurement results", which are one of the inputs of quality assurance. Quality assurance does not directly provide input for quality control.
 

 
Note:On page 6 of the PMBOK guide, the description of "7 consecutive points exceeding the upper limit or lower limit also indicates that the process is out of control" is incorrect.
 

From http://pmpmap.com/