| From: http://club.china.alibaba.com/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html? InstanceName = body & toolbar = default One obvious advantage of Chinese is that it has a broad mind. In mathematics, the monosyllabic pronunciation speeds up the response to numbers, but it is still better in terms of logical thinking, however, from the perspective of the development trend of human civilization, Chinese as ideographic texts can freely combine new concepts and concepts of nouns to accommodate the impact of information and knowledge explosion, it will undoubtedly develop into a common language of mankind. It is more convenient and colorful to use this language to exchange ideas. Of course, in this paper, the computer language is used in Chinese and pinyin, the greatness of Chinese lies in its compatibility. You can see that academic papers in Chinese have a mix of Chinese and Arabic numerals and Western pinyin texts, but you cannot find a Chinese character in English papers, physics experts in China can use their basic chemistry knowledge in the middle school era to read the papers of chemistry experts. On the contrary, experts from different industries in the United States should exchange their academic achievements, with this advantage, Chinese is eligible to become a world language, and some Chinese scholars still want to make Chinese pinyin. Isn't this a perfect solution? We Chinese people are also qualified to accuse people of so-called civilized Westerners who are making environmental pollution and destroying forests and grasslands, because they print a book of the same content, the western language is twice the waste of paper than the Chinese language. The people in the world who use the western language are five times more than the people who use the Chinese language, and multiply by simple factors, the waste of 10-20 times or more of wood will increase by more than 20 times of industrial waste water. In terms of the superiority of language, Westerners are not qualified to talk about Chinese, even illiterate people know how to find Chinese text from the five working languages of the United Nations, because the Chinese text is the thinnest one.
The Chinese have such an idea that Chinese will sooner or later be eliminated by English.
I remember that on one occasion, Hu yeobi simply explained it clearly during the debate. A few days ago, "century lecture hall" invited a scholar Li Rui to believe that the result of globalization is to allow English to govern the world. Only Ruan Zishan talked about Chinese at a faster speed than English in a "big age, little story. However, he raised another question. Since Chinese uses 'sound' to make Chinese thinking faster than English, the quality of language actually depends on two aspects, first, can we use a small amount of memory to master it? Second, can we learn more than others in our lifetime? The limit should be: the best language is the language with the most knowledge, or the language with less learning but more knowledge.
English is different from Mandarin. In International Phonetic symbols, there are 20 vowels and 20 consonants in English, so there are no more than 20*20 = 400 English voices. In other words, any voice that is not within these four hundred voices is not recognized in English or considered incorrect. It is not a "syllable ". After comparison, we can see that the Chinese pronunciation type is three times that of English.
Next, let's explain why the more types of sound, the faster the thinking speed. I discussed this question for a month at the Peking University Chinese forum last year. Here I hope to make it as simple as possible. Suppose there is a person who only sends two voices. Specifically, he will send two voices, A and B. According to computer theory, we know that he can still express the whole world with these two symbols. Let us assume that there are only 400 things in the world that need to be expressed. Then, an British can use every pronunciation to express one of the 400 things, and only two voices will be sent, sometimes we have to use nine pronunciations to express one of the 400 things, because the ninth power of two is greater than 400. For example, the British use "I" to represent "I", and only two voices may use abbababba to represent "I. It takes about 1/4 seconds for an average person to make a sound. By comparing the two, we can see that only two voices are not only slow but also effort-consuming. When expressing the concept of "I", the British took 1/4 seconds, and only two people with two voices used two or 1/4 seconds. If two people always live in this proportion for a lifetime, all the information they enjoy in their lifetime will be inversely proportional. In actual situations, the most obvious difference is the contrast between Japanese and Chinese. We know that Japanese uses 100 different voices, while Chinese uses 1200 voices, therefore, many Chinese characters must be expressed in two or three voices when the Japanese read them. If we assume that all the words in Japanese are expressed in two voices, isn't it true that the information that the Japanese can enjoy in their life is only half of that of the Chinese? I have thought about whether this is related to a great thinker that has never been found in Japanese history. We know that thinking is actually a process in our hearts. If we express our words fast, we should keep thinking fast. The specific example is that Zhao yuanren used to recite the multiplication speed in English and Chinese. He used Chinese for 30 seconds and English for 45 seconds. Therefore, if two people recite the words in English and Chinese at the same time, the Chinese user will surely think of the ninth or eighth day in 30 seconds, and the English user will not be able to come here. Maybe, he only came up. This proves that the language thinking speed is faster with more pronunciation types than with fewer pronunciation types. This was once confirmed by many scholars both inside and outside China. Whether or not the speed of thinking is fast represents intelligence, which is recognized by many scholars.
My evidence is to explain a historical "mystery": Why are ancient greek people smarter than others? Because the Greek culture is from the ancient phoenicans, we know that the fienski invented the human pinyin letters. In terms of the decomposition of the voice, this is a great progress. In terms of the speed of thinking, it is a great step backwards. In order to filter sound elements that are easy to distinguish, fienski uses only 22 consonants, so that the expression speed is certainly slower than any other language, while the Greek adopt vowels. We know that after the combination of the vowels and consonants, the types of sounds have increased several times. As a matter of fact, there are also vowels in the voice of fienski people, otherwise they will not be able to send out. The so-called 22 consonants mean that they only recognize these 22 consonants as information, that is, ma, me, Mu, Mai, and Muo have no difference with m in their ears, just as the four tones of me have no difference for the British. The sudden increase in voice categories led to the rapid development of Greek thinking, resulting in a later phenomenon. On the Forum, some people asked why there are still more Chinese voices than English, and why the English language is not advanced. My answer is that when there is a sudden increase in the number of voice types, there will be new ideas. On the contrary, when there is a decrease in the number of voice types, the idea will tend to be conservative, and after the Yuan dynasty, the Voice of China has lost an "Incoming" sound, and China's weakness began at that time. Finally, when talking about the niandte people, people also found that people who use a small number of voices would be eliminated from history.
The reason why I believe that Chinese must beat English is not here, the key is to solve the knowledge explosion problem that humans are currently facing. We know that the current English words, including various biological names and new terms for patent inventions, have exceeded millions. Considering that English has some components that can be deduced and associated; such as prefix, suffix, and compound words, there are also 1 million basic words to be remembered. All these words can be expressed in four thousand Chinese characters. The root cause is that English pronunciation is not adequate.
For example, pork represents pork in English. It has nothing to do with pig and meat, but only represents a combination of them, if you compare the pork, mutton, Beef beef, lard, goat oil suet and butter talon, all the consortium Words in English are a new sign that has no association with any of them, but they constitute the subject of English words. This is how millions of Words in English come. The root cause of this problem is that if you change the pork to the pig and meat format, You have to pronounce it four times, and the pork only pronounce it twice; therefore, words that are joined together can save pronunciation but increase memory. words that are separated do not need to be remembered, but increase the number of pronunciation times. Imagine that a butcher would use the word "pork" thousands of times a day. The words that use two pronunciations would save two thousand times of pronunciation than the words that use four pronunciations. Why? However, when a word is not commonly used, the English language is the same as the Chinese language, and the words are decomposed. For example, the donkey meat is expressed by donkey meat. Because of the uncommon words, even if a symbolic form is set up, others cannot remember it. It is very useful for Chinese to break down vocabulary in English. It greatly reduces the number of words to be remembered, it can also clearly organize words in people's minds. The birth of Darwin was built on the dual-name Law of linnai. This method changed all kinds of impressions from the original plane to a three-dimensional one. For example, before linnai, people gave a name to all creatures. As a result, due to too many species, the same creature may have two names, while the other creature may have no name. Linnai first classifies all creatures and gives a class name. Then, put a word under the class name to form the name of the double-name method. This is not only clear, but also greatly reduces the need for memory symbols. For example, there were 10 thousand names, which are now divided into one hundred classes and one hundred in each category, we only need to remember one hundred class names and one hundred class names, a total of two hundred, rather than the original 10 thousand. As the problem of knowledge explosion gradually deteriorates, it is necessary for humans to replace other terms with this method. At present, the only way is to reform according to the Chinese structure. The reason is the number of pronunciation types.
This phenomenon is first realized by laveniz of Germany. He believes that Chinese is a group language that the western world has dreamed of since the times of alicore. However, he did not see the true characteristics of voice, but he defined Chinese characters as the world's most advanced text due to the performance of Chinese characters. I think, if he sees today's world of knowledge explosion, he will surely ask all countries in the world to abolish Pinyin and use Chinese characters.
Finally, let's talk about how many words or symbols A person can remember in his life. Chinese people generally use three to four thousand Chinese characters, while Shakespeare's English only has 30 thousand words, he can grasp all. However, in the Churchill era, he still had 30 thousand words, but at that time he had nearly a million words in English. Therefore, I believe that Shakespeare's proficiency in English words cannot be achieved by future generations. I once asked a lot of language institutions in English Higher Education to learn how many words should be mastered in English. However, their answers are always vague or confused. Later, some problems that cannot be avoided Article I found that the requirements of linguistics for English words are: an educated english user should master five to 0.25 million words, which is not only a large gap, but also measured by this standard, shakespeare and Churchill should both be illiterate, at least uneducated. In my opinion, this is the weakness of anyone who advocates English. As long as they can escape others' questions, other aspects ......
My point of view was discussed on Peking University's Chinese website. However, we can see that there are still many people who do not know. They all think they are inferior nationalities and inferior cultures. Therefore, there are still many things to do to inspire the confidence of the Chinese people. In fact, as long as everyone can restore their confidence, the Chinese people should have been ahead of the world in many aspects. However, we are so keen to catch up with each other when foreigners set up a set of standards. Why can't we set up standards and change their tastes? I remember a few years ago, there was a problem in Western countries that I liked to put my fingers at. At that time, I also had a problem ?? You like to drag your legs. There is a Cox Report in the United States, which illustrates a large number of comparisons to demonstrate that Chinese people cannot achieve the same results as the one thousand-plus U.S. nuclear tests through three or forty nuclear experiments. The only explanation is that China has stolen American technology. Someone also called this incident Li wenhe. At that time, I sent an email to all the American senator. The content is that if they want to thoroughly investigate the problem, they should set up another research group to study the differences in thinking between Chinese and English. Only in this way can we find out why the progress made by China's three or forty nuclear tests is almost the same as that of the United States's more than one thousand nuclear tests. The letter is followed by my computation book comparing the two languages. Later, I received a lot of replies asking me to tell them my real address before continuing to consider it.
...... I also understand that no U.S. senator will submit any relevant motion, because any motion is a disguised propaganda of Chinese, english language is devalued. No Americans are willing to debate it. Obviously, if the debate goes on, it will inevitably involve many problems in speech and linguistics. Each problem is a scar on them. At present, the United States has always asked China to lower the renminbi exchange rate, but its attitude is still not beyond the courtesy range, so this theory is not suitable yet. Once they are beyond the rational, it is very easy to talk about the linguistic issues. In other words, due to the narrow scope of thinking in English, the problem cannot be considered in the longer term. However, I dare not say this, at least to Americans. Because I am an engineering engineer, I am a little certain about engineering, but I have no idea at all when I encounter an economic problem.
Another such thing is to discuss with the BBS. Everyone knows that esban is actually a language designed to replace English. Of course, it doesn't know how to use "tone ". My problem is that English words have far exceeded the memory limit of ordinary people. Is there any way to make up for this defect in esban? At that time, someone replied to me that the derived structure in the world language is more obvious than that in English. However, when I explained to them the types of sounds in Chinese and the method of using the tones, no one would ever speak.
In addition, there was an English only exercise in the United States that once sought advice from the world. What is my opinion. I told them that your intention to promote English is actually to push American culture to the abyss and destroy American culture. The only way to save you is to re-choose a language with a "tone. For those who have never studied Chinese, they generally don't know what a tone is, so they have to explain it to them using scales during singing; any English "syllable" can change at least eight different sounds according to the scale, which is similar to the "tone. The above is actually a weakness of the Americans. If there is no need, I will not touch it and it will affect unity. In addition, as China's national strength increases, we can say less and less, because we say more, we give excuses to say that China threatens them.
Advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and English
When talking about the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and English, we will first think of the difference between "ideographic text" and "phonograph text. As we have mentioned above, with the evolution of Chinese characters, Chinese characters are no longer pure ideographic words. There are a large number of sound words. With the continuous development of civilization in history, the concepts to be expressed by language are constantly increasing. ideographic characters require that Chinese characters have a large number of character sets, but modern Chinese no longer need to add characters to express new concepts, instead, it creates new words and standardizes Chinese characters, which has basically achieved the goal of reducing the number of words used.
In contrast to Chinese characters, the English name is "phoneme text", but it cannot be a real phoneme; the most serious problem in English morphology is how to solve the contradiction between English spelling and pronunciation. Due to the promotion of printing and the popularization of education during the Renaissance, the written spelling forms of English were gradually unified, forming a standard form, and the forms of these norms were further fixed by printing. But at the same time, English speech has undergone great changes. For example, in gnash and gnat, G is not pronounced, in Knight and know, K is not pronounced, but in medieval English, all these letters must be pronounced. Another example is that R (such as arm) and R (such as Father) in front of the consonants are not pronounced, and E (such as live) in the end is not pronounced, but in the Middle English, they all need to be pronounced. In this case, there is a great conflict between the standard written form and the actual pronunciation. This is also a difficult problem for Chinese people to learn English: learning a kind of "phoneme text". If the phoneme value is too large, then the room is too large? Br/> at the beginning of the 18th century, the UK emphasized the standardization of language and required the accuracy and strength of language. In 1755, Johnson wrote the first English dictionary to fix the spelling of English words. In this way, the positive morphology of English can be based on the dictionary as a standard. This is similar to the Chinese Qin Dynasty's normalization of Xiao Yun's writing, but it failed to prevent the change of Chinese character speech.
This raises the second question: there is also a big problem in the so-called pinyin text, that is, many pinyin text. Due to the constant changes in the spoken language for thousands of years, its written text and pronunciation are often far from each other. The same is true for French. Its written language expresses the pronunciation four or five hundred years ago. The unpronounced vowels are like hommes reading um and aiment reading em.
As a matter of fact, the current written English and French have a lot of "ideographic texts. As ideograph, Chinese characters in history have no direct relationship with speech. No matter which language or dialect is used for reading, the meaning remains unchanged. This is why Chinese characters have been recognized as a unified word for thousands of years. Chinese characters make communication between people who speak different languages possible, while the diaphragm is the main obstacle to unification. Therefore, Chinese characters are not inferior to English words in terms of "ideographic" and "phoneme.
It is widely believed that the huge character set of Chinese characters makes it very complex: hard to learn, hard to remember, difficult to use. However, it is necessary to clarify the premise that the "word" of Chinese characters is different from that of English words. Currently, primary and secondary education requires-Chinese characters to meet daily reading requirements. But it is not just learning-words, but learning-concepts. A person can learn 26 English letters in a day, but can he read English letters? Because English is no longer a typical "tabulation text", I learned 26 letters and did not even know the correct pronunciation of words. In the end, primary and secondary schools in English-speaking countries still need to perform a lot of spelling training. What is the level of-English words? Can I cope with daily reading? Anyone who has learned English understands it!
Research shows that Chinese characters, as a complex text symbol system, have a high information entropy. The basic method is to gradually increase the Chinese character capacity. As the Chinese character capacity increases, the information entropy increases slowly. After the Chinese character reaches 12370, the information entropy does not increase significantly. Scientists in China pointed out that the maximum capacity of Chinese characters is 12366 Chinese characters, and the average static information entropy (average Information volume) of Chinese characters is 9.65 bits. Zipf's slaw, the famous law in mathematical linguistics, is the world's largest text symbol system. The information entropy of five United Nations working languages is compared as follows:
Syntax: 3.98 bits
Spanish: 4.01 bits
English version: 4.03 bits
Russian: 4.35 bits
Medium: 9.65 bits
It can be seen that the information entropy of Pinyin text is small, with little difference. The largest amount of Chinese characters is supported.
What is the advantage of Chinese characters on the Information Entropy of Pinyin text? A simple analogy is the difference between the decimal number and the binary number. The decimal number system requires the memory of 0-9, 10 symbols, and binary only requires the memory of 0 and 1. In decimal multiplication and division, you need to remember 9 × 9 tables. binary data only needs to learn simple logic such as and, or, not. But why do we not use a binary digital system in our daily lives? This is a waste. If a number "7" is represented as "111" in binary format, remember a large number without exhausting people? In turn, why do humans not need hexadecimal or higher hexadecimal? On the one hand, it is the limitation of human intelligence, and on the other hand, hexadecimal systems may not be able to greatly improve information entropy. This kind of information entropy is reflected in the text, which is among the United Nations documents. The Chinese version must be the thinnest. Is the high information entropy not conducive to computer processing? I am afraid it is difficult to draw conclusions in this regard. Comparing the input speed of Chinese characters and English letters does not explain the problem, because "word" and "word" are different concepts. To compare two different texts in Chinese and English with the same content, calculate the difference of the number of keys. On the basis of the unit of "Word", Modern Chinese and English can be compared. In order to cope with the emerging new things, new ideas, new technologies, and new concepts, modern English is constantly building words. It is nothing more than using the Latin roots, or re-combining existing words. The more professional and technical words the result is, the longer it is and the harder it is to remember. Or a large number of abbreviations: such as the WTO, the FBI, IBM, and UFOs. The abbreviations are confusing and hard to understand. In this regard, the advantages of Modern Chinese word creation are very prominent. This is the advantage of the high information entropy of Chinese character sets.
It is absurd to use modern computer technology as the information standard to measure the merits and demerits of Chinese characters and English letters. In the end, modern computer technology is based on the "diode" technology, which is hard to predict in the future. Do we need a highly intelligent thinking model to imitate the "diode" thinking? It is a typical practice. Imagine that people should discard the colors of oil paintings because they invented black and white pictures? Is it because of the fact that moles code was suitable for new-invented telegrams, people should change their language to "tick "?
We should not ignore the difficulties encountered in the application of Chinese characters, but do not exaggerate them too much. After the Chinese invented the movable print technique, it was not applied for a long time. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, China was still using a large number of carved prints. The reason is that the number of Chinese characters is too large, and it is too difficult to create a set of letters that are enough to print books, which is not economical. Finally, at the beginning of the 20th century, Westerners introduced a mechanical model, so that China had achieved the live printing. In the 20th century, at the early stage of the computer age, the lack of Chinese Character Processing Software was once a hindrance, but it was quickly solved. Now, with the help of computer technology, it is more convenient to spread Chinese characters than ever before.
What really hinders China's progress is not technology, but the imprisonment of people's thoughts. Before being passed into China, the European Renaissance ideology books translated by Lima and Xu Guangqi have been printed through the ancient carved version. However, at that time and for a long time later, Chinese people did not pay much attention to it. This is a sad thing. Under the imprisonment of lagging ideas, even if we change all our words into advanced Arabic or Latin spelling like Iran and Turkey, we cannot escape the decline of the ancient Persian and Osman Empire.
Magical Chinese, stupid English
I do not like to hear bad things from people who are less than half a bottle shake. What is "Chinese is not accurate"? "Chinese cannot be refined ". I remember that when I was in middle school, the Chinese course was written in an elegant place: "taking the pinyin road is an inevitable trend of Chinese ." One of the main reasons is that English can be typed, but Chinese can not. It's ridiculous to recall it now. With the development of computer technology, the keyboard input speed of Chinese characters has far exceeded the speed of English, and is continuously improving with technological advances. What about English? Please wait.
There are good scholars in all modern disciplines and fields in China. I have never heard of any research that is difficult due to Chinese inaccuracy. The Chinese rocket can still be precise, and the Chinese atomic bomb can still be precise. All English scientific documents can be translated into Chinese. The Influence of Chinese literature is increasing worldwide with the increase of national strength.
The following is a simple example to show how clumsy English is: I have asked some professors in the department how to use cuboid in English, however, these local engineering professors did not know. They did not even know the result even when they asked a few local graduate students. It surprised me! Now I want to ask readers: Do you know? It's not cube, rectangular ....... Later, I found the word in the dictionary, but now I forget it because it is too new. Lament that English is really a stupid language, trying to name every thing in the world. The universe is infinite! Words such as "optical illusion", "Tetracycline", "rheostat", "calcium carbonate", "high blood pressure", "kidney stone", "Seven-Star", "Five-face" are only professionals yes. It is impossible to communicate like Chinese. Do not believe it? Ask the person whose mother tongue is English. English is divergent. Some basic concepts such as cuboid can only be discussed by experts! No wonder there are so many experts in the English world, and they are all so confident. Yes, most people don't even talk about their basic terms, such as "Alcohol ball" and "sphygmomanometer. Living in the English world is really helpless! Miserable!
English is a one-dimensional cryptographic language. Write English is encoding, read English is decoding. Think about it. For example, changing A, B, C, D, and E to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 is no difference in principle. According to the above correspondence, for example, to write the cab as 312 at the beginning, with the same pronunciation, what is wrong? Chinese is different. It is two-dimensional (the largest dimension on paper), which maximizes the use of the geometric space on paper. Each Chinese character is a painting. Q: Is the information obtained from a picture faster or from a single line of password faster?
The National Literacy standard for Chinese characters is 1500 characters. College Students in science and engineering generally master 2000 Chinese characters. With these 2000 words, you can read books, read newspapers, and conduct scientific research. In the English world, if there are no 20000 words, do not want to read newspapers. If there are no 30000 words, do not want to read weekly newspapers smoothly. After 10 years of college graduation, professional people generally know 80000 words. The emergence of new things is always accompanied by new English words, such as rocket and computer, which are not needed in Chinese. Isn't it an arrow driven by fire, will it be "computer! You cannot do this in English. You cannot rely on group words because it is "too long. For example, the rocket will become "fire-riven-Arrow", the computer will become "COMPUTAIONAL-MACHINE" and so on. A person's perspective is limited. words that are too long will reduce the readability of the article and the reader's understanding ability.
At present, the number of English words has exceeded 0.4 million, which is expected to exceed 1 million by the middle of the next century. The Chinese language is relatively stable, and now middle school students can read the Chu Ci of Qu Yuan. English is hard, too unstable. It is difficult for people to read the original sousbia, let alone to read the poems of the British poet Chaucer before 400. When I was studying GRE, I noticed that many of the words in the Wei's dictionary were new words at the beginning of this century. For example, "gargantuan" was taken from laruence's novels. This is not surprising. After all, English spelling was unified before January 1, 400.
Defend Chinese! Appeal to those who spoil Chinese to pay attention to the following facts: (1) the shortest copy of the five official documents of the United Nations must be Chinese; (2) the accuracy of Chinese has been confirmed by the booming Chinese technology industry. (3) The most promising computer language input is Chinese. (4) The Chinese language is stable and converged, english is unstable and divergent; (5) Chinese is a two-dimensional information that is vivid and efficient; English is a one-dimensional information that is password-type and is boring and inefficient. (6) Reading literary classics in the English world is an amazing task. Not all university-educated people can do it. For example, it is really difficult to read the non-state plants described in English. Generally, the British and American people can only swallow their dates. In the Chinese world, who will be surprised when only people with a middle school degree finish reading the four famous books? (7) today is the Flourishing Period of English civilization. However, in the long history, the civilization history of so far and the English world is far shorter than that of the Chinese world.
Proud of Chinese! We are more confident that the enthusiasm and confidence of the coming Chinese people will cheer! (Abstract) |
