Cloud computing
There are at least 20 definitions of cloud computing so far, and a more common definition has been chosen:
Cloud computing is a kind of distributed computing technology, the most basic concept is to automatically split the huge computational processing program into countless smaller sub-programs through the network, and then the large system composed of multiple servers is searched and analyzed and the results are passed back to the user. Through this technology, network service providers can reach the same powerful network service as "supercomputer" in a matter of seconds, with tens of millions or even billions of messages.
Cloud computing is a resource delivery and usage model that refers to the resources (hardware, platform, software) needed to obtain an application over a network. The network that provides the resources is called the "cloud". The resources in the cloud are infinitely scalable to users and can be readily available. This feature is often likened to the use of hardware resources like hydropower, purchase and use on demand.
Software as a service (SaaS)
This type of cloud computing passes the program to thousands of users through a browser. In the eyes of the user, this eliminates the expense of server and software licensing, and from a vendor perspective, it is enough to maintain a single program, which can reduce costs.
Platform as a service (PaaS)
Platform-as-a-service (Platform as a Service,paas) is a model for sending operating systems and related services over the Internet without downloading or installing them. Because platform-as-a-service enables the transfer of resources from private computers to the network cloud, it is sometimes referred to as a "cloud" (cloudware). Platform as a service is the extension of software as a service (software as a services). Software as a service is to deploy software as a managed service and provide it to customers via the Internet.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Cloud computing infrastructure as a service, providing customers with rental processing power, storage, networking and other basic computing resources, users can deploy and run any software, including operating systems and applications. Customers do not manage or control the underlying cloud computing infrastructure, but can control the operating system, storage, deployment of applications, it is also possible to select network components (such as firewalls, load balancers). Amazon pioneered this market and established AWS as a leader in this market. And Rackspace, Gogrid, Flexiscale, Gridlayer and other later development momentum is also good.
Cloud Storage (Storage)
Cloud storage is a networked computer data storage model that stores data on multiple virtual hosts, typically held by a third party, rather than being stored on a dedicated server. Maintain the data of the company operations of this huge data center, and users who need to buy or rent storage capacity as needed. The data center operators behind them virtualize resources according to their needs and present them as virtual servers to users who can manage their own virtual servers. Physically, these resources may span multiple servers.
Private Cloud
Private clouds are built for use by a single customer, providing the most effective control over data, security, and quality of service. The company has infrastructure and can control how applications are deployed on this infrastructure. Private clouds can be deployed within the firewall of the Enterprise data center, or they can be deployed in a secure hosting location.
A private cloud can be built by the company's own IT organization, or by a cloud provider. In this "managed private" mode, cloud providers like Sun and IBM can install, configure, and operate infrastructure to support a private cloud within a corporate enterprise data center. This model gives companies a high level of control over the use of cloud resources, while bringing the expertise needed to build and operate the environment.
Public cloud
The public cloud, also known as the external cloud, refers to the dynamic, flexible and self-service access to resources through the Internet.
Hybrid clouds (Hybrid cloud)
A hybrid cloud environment encompasses a variety of on-premises and/or external clouds, "will be available to most enterprises" because users who integrate multiple cloud services can reduce the problems they face when migrating to the public cloud, such as PCI compliance.
Community Clouds (Community cloud)
A community cloud is a cloud that is created by organizations with similar needs and plans to share infrastructure to achieve some of the benefits of cloud computing. Since the number of users of common costs is less than public cloud, this option tends to be more yungui than public, but privacy, security, and policy compliance are higher than public clouds.
The Intercloud (Yunteiyun)
The concept of Yunteiyun was first proposed by Kevin Kelly in 2007, and he believed that there would eventually be a cloud of clouds, or Yunteiyun. The concept of Yunteiyun is an extension of the concept of Internet Internet, and in the 2009, the concept of Yunteiyun became popular and used to describe future data centers.
The concept of Yunteiyun is based on the idea that a single cloud cannot include wireless resources, just imagine that if a cloud includes all of the virtual infrastructure resources, including compute and storage resources, it will not meet the need to further allocate the services sent by the customer. Yunteiyun is used to solve this kind of problem, in fact, each cloud can use other cloud on the virtual infrastructure, including compute and storage resources. This "pay-as-you-use" form creates new opportunities for cloud providers. Of course, Yunteiyun also has many challenges, such as cloud Federation, security, interoperability, QoS, governance, and billing.
Privacy (Privacy)
The cloud model is criticized by privacy advocates, because in the cloud computing model, the company has control over the cloud service, so that the communication and data between the user and the host can be monitored legitimately or illegally.
Compliance (Compliance)
To meet regulatory requirements, including FISMA, HIPAA and Sox in the United States, and the EU's data Protection Directive, as well as PCI DSS for the line card industry, users have to deploy cloud computing in a community or hybrid mode, These patterns are often more expensive and offer limited benefits.
Legal (legality)
In March 2007, Dell applied for a registered trademark "cloud computing" in the United States (U.S. trademark 77,139,082). The subsidy received by the company in July 2008 was cancelled in August and a formal refusal to apply for a trademark was received less than a week. Since 2007, the number of trademarks that include cloud computing brands, products and services has grown exponentially. In order to better showcase its cloud computing brand and market influence, the number of cloud computing trademarks increased by 483% from 2008 to 2009.
Open source (open source)
Open source software provides the foundation for many cloud computing vendors. In November 2007, free software Foundation released a version of the Affero general public License,gplv3 to make up for a loophole in the law that freeware is used to run an understanding on the Internet.
Open standards (opening standard)
Open standards are critical to the development of cloud computing. Most cloud providers expose APIs that are well documented, but are unique and non-interoperable. Some vendors have adopted other APIs, but there are too many open standards, including OGF's Open Cloud interface (Open Cloud Computing Interface). Open Cloud Alliance (CONSORTIUM,OCC) is working to develop a unified standard for the initial cloud computing standards and practices.
Security (Safety)
The relative security of cloud computing services is a contentious issue that may also hinder the use of cloud computing. Some argue that user data is more secure at the time of internal management, but some people believe there is reason to believe that cloud providers can provide higher security. The Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) is a non-profit organization that is created to improve the security of cloud computing and promote cloud computing to practice.
Availability and performance (accessibility and performance)
In addition to security considerations, businesses are equally concerned about the performance of cloud availability levels and the applications hosted in the cloud.
Sustainability (Sustainability)
Although cloud computing is often considered a form of "green computing," there is no public research to support that view.
Ultra-Large scale
"Cloud" has a considerable scale, Google Cloud computing already has more than 1 million servers, Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, Yahoo, and other "cloud" have hundreds of thousands of servers. Enterprise private clouds typically have hundreds of thousands of servers. "Cloud" can give users unprecedented computing power.
On-demand (optional on request)
On-demand selection is a concept that is relative to the Enterprise Reservation (on-premise). Refers to the user can choose services and applications as needed, without the need to pre-customize their own services, and then the supplier based on the enterprise's customized requirements to implement the application.
Wide range of Internet access (Broad network access)
Can be transferred through multiple platforms, including mobile platforms.
Resource Pooling (resource pool)
such as storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth and virtual machine resources, the use of multi-tenancy model for a variety of consumer services.
Rapid elasticity (Fast elasticity)
Can quickly and flexibly provide a variety of functions, in some cases automatically, quickly expand, then quickly release, and then quickly shrink.
Measured service (customized services)
Measurement of resources and services, i.e. storage, processing, bandwidth and active user accounts. The measurement can also monitor, control and report on the user's usage, providing transparency to the provider and consumers who use the service.
Automated Calculations (Autonomic computing)
Refers to a computing system that can manage itself
Client/server models (Client–server model)
The client/server model refers to all distributed applications that separate service providers (servers) from service consumers (clients).
Grid Computing
Grid computing is a form of distributed computing and parallel computing, which composes a computer cluster on a loosely coupled network into a super virtual computer to accomplish large-scale tasks.
Mainframe
Powerful computers are used by large organizations to complete critical applications, typically including batch data processing, such as census, industry and consumer data, enterprise resource planning, and financial transactions.
Utility Computing
Utility computing refers to the packaging of computing resources, such as computing and storage, into a service that is measured in meters, similar to traditional utilities such as electricity.
Peer-to-peer
Point-to-point is a centrally coordinated distributed architecture in which participants, including resource providers and consumers, must exist simultaneously (as opposed to traditional customer server models).
Cloud computing Domain Terminology Encyclopedia
