Color Design of Map-coexistence of art and technology

As an information carrier to describe and study the human living environment, map is integrated with science and art. With the wide application of maps and the increasing aesthetic ability of maps, map aesthetics has been paid more and more attention. As an important part of map aesthetics, map color design plays a role in beautifying maps, guides readers to appreciate and study maps. Below I will talk about some experiences in color design in map aesthetics for your reference.

I. Map beauty forms

1. Appearance beauty: The appearance beauty of a map is an important condition for the visual environment. The appearance of a map is essentially unrelated to the content of the map. However, you must carefully consider the overall decoration, edge design, graphic name font, and graphic configuration of the map. The appearance of a map is also manifested in the size and style of the map.
2. Matrix beauty: the matrix of a map refers to the materials used to draw a map on it. The choice of map matrix is related to the purpose of the MAP and the current technical conditions. The matrix can affect the reader's emotions in aesthetic MAP activities. For example, if a travel chart can be printed on a large handkerchief, it can be used as a map and a handicraft.
3. Beautiful Composition: The composition includes the balance of the MAP and the establishment of the interesting center. The balance of a map is a problem that is often emphasized in map design because it can make people and happiness. Emphasize that the interesting center should not only consider the hierarchy, but also emphasize the rationality of the composition, with distinct priorities and priorities. If the primary and secondary aspects of a map are unclear, the readers may feel at a loss, resulting in psychological anxiety, which is not conducive to the efficient transmission of MAP information.
4. symbol beauty: A map symbol is a special graphical symbol that facilitates Spatial positioning to express the nature and relationship of various objects and phenomena. Map Symbols vary in different types and sizes, and their dimensions, shapes, and directions have a direct impact on the beauty of the entire map. Therefore, the design of map symbols must consider the Theme and Content of maps, as well as the psychological and social environment of readers.
5. Note beauty: whether the notes on the map are beautiful has a direct impact on the map beauty. Factors that affect map beauty include font, color, size, interval, and location. China uses a wide range of Chinese characters on maps, including, Wei Bei, and ry. Different fonts not only have different calligraphy essentials, but also have different purposes on different maps. After a long period of drawing and drawing practices, the map annotation forms many conventional forms, which need to be compared repeatedly by the cartographer.
6. Color beauty: The color on the map can improve the map performance and flexibility of the map design and the definition of the map, and increase the map aesthetic. The colors of nature are brilliant and varied, but there are three elements in common: color, brightness, and purity. Therefore, the drawing personnel must have certain color knowledge, so that the color can be used in both qualitative and quantitative ways and can be reasonably matched to make the color of the map more harmonious.

Ii. Color Design in Map Design

1. Color Design of point symbols
Because of its special characteristics on maps, point symbols are easily diluted by other symbols, which do not reflect the purpose of plotting. Therefore, in general, the main part of the dot symbol selects a high purity color, the color value is 100. The monochrome is represented by a color in C = 100, M = 100, y = 100, and K = 100; the mixed color is mixed with several monochrome colors in C = 100, M = 100, and y = 100. For example, the red color is a mixture of M = 100 and Y = 100. The green color is a mixture of c = 100 and Y = 100. Of course, you can also add a bit of black in the mixed color, but the black color value should not exceed 20. Otherwise, the image will look dull, thus reducing the beauty of the map. For some special point symbols, you can select colors separately.

2. Color Design of linear symbols
A line symbol acts as a skeleton in a map. It is the main carrier of MAP information. It should be highlighted as a key element during map design. Linear symbols are very narrow and slender. The linear symbols can be highlighted only when the colors are aggravated. Therefore, when designing linear symbols, the color with high purity should be selected. The color values of C, M, y, and K should be 100. That is to say, if the line symbol is a monochrome, its color value should be 100; if the line symbol is synthesized by a monochrome, the color value of each monochrome should also be 100. For example, the cyan (C = 100) of the river symbol, the Black (k = 100) of the railway, and the red (M = 100, y = 100) of the expressway.
The above is the basic color method for linear symbols. Special colors can be used for the frames with contour lines and other special cases. ① Color of the contour line. It indicates the landscape of the water, Mountain, and polar mountain landform. The negative load of the contour lines is relatively large. In the plain and hill areas, the negative load of the contour lines is relatively small. Because the contour lines are always at the second level in the map, you can fade the color by using M = 40, y = 70, K = 30 colors to synthesize the brown representation. ② Special case uses color. For maps with large loads, the classification elements can be expressed by the same-color impairment method. For example, the primary railway uses black (k = 100) and the secondary railway uses gray (k = 60 ).

3. Color Design of area symbols
The area of regional symbols is large, which can quickly grasp the reader's vision and affect the reader's aesthetic taste. A successful area uses color to transmit a wealth of geographic information in a relatively small map language, so that the map's purpose and design intent can be clearly, completely, and accurately expressed. To this end, the area should be distinguished by colors and different color values should be selected.
(1) Select the color value based on the Nature
A map contains not only the water area and block symbol, but also the same area symbol as the vegetation. They represent different properties in the graph. The color value of a facial symbol should be selected based on its nature. Generally, the water area uses blue color (C = 20), the vegetation uses green color (C = 40, y = 60), and the blocks can choose different colors based on the purpose of the map. For example, the block color in the topographic map is gray (k = 20). In the political map, different colors and color values can be selected for the block based on its ownership. The color is light pink (M = 25) light yellow (y = 30), light orange (M = 15, y = 30), light purple (C = 22, M = 28) or light green (C = 15, y = 20) indicate that the blocks belong to different administrative districts, and the effect is good.
(2) colors of similar elements should be selected in the same color.
Elements of different sub-categories of the same type should use the same color system as much as possible, which can make the symbol more distinctive and make the image more concise and aesthetic. For example, c = 18, y = 25, c = 7, and y = 10 indicate that blocks and open spaces in the same political district have better results. In addition, it is also a good example to set the color of the sea area.
(3) coordinated color selection between surface symbols
Although the color values of various surface areas are different, the colors used in a map should be coordinated even in a batch of maps. For example, stratified color indicates the landform, the ocean uses blue, the plain uses green, the hills use yellow, the mountains use brown, and the extremely high mountains use light purple. Color coordination requires the designer to look for the feeling from a good work (gallery or image), but also from nature, and compare the two feelings, so as to design a natural and coordinated color system for the job.
(4) use a soft color value for the area symbol.
In addition to symbols that require special emphasis, the surface domain symbols should generally be soft, elegant, and elegant colors, not too strong. Generally, the color values of C, M, y, and K should not exceed 30. It is best to set them to 10 ~ Between 20, individual colors can be reduced to 5.
(5) The area in the dot and line should be selected from the decorative beauty Angle
Only from the perspective of decoration and setting off can we highlight the main symbols to make them clearer and clearer. The surface areas in the dot and line operators can be highlighted or highlighted in color, and the color value can be high or low. The only purpose is to highlight the subject of the symbol, so that the symbol can achieve a harmonious and perfect effect.

3. color design should focus on innovation

Innovation is based on inheritance and development. Only by having enough research, exploration, and inheritance to the tradition can the idea of innovation and development be created, and innovation can be possible. The history of map development shows the constant progress of map from art to science. Early maps were like landscape paintings, and the colors of art were even heavier. With the continuous efforts of historical cartography, the theory of map plotting has been continuously expanded, and the map has been continuously leaping from art to science. The author believes that how to embody innovative ideas in color design:

1. Establish a map view of artistic beauty
Map is not only a technological product, but also an artistic work formed by the wisdom of mankind. With the application of high technology in various fields, the beauty of map technology is increasingly revealing infinite charm. Map graphics, text, numbers, and their colors, while expressing the beauty of map technology, its complexity and simplicity, clarity and blur, conciseness and extensiveness, vividness and dullness, harmony and difference all play a vital role in the artistic nature of the map.

2. design idea of setting up colors as the main means of map expression
Map elements are divided into natural elements and social and humanistic elements, which can reflect the "Internal scale" and laws of artistic beauty. Map designers should put social and cultural elements on the first level for presentation. The Design of graphics, text, and numbers is of course important, but color design is the most effective means.

Giscafe PS:
While art and technology coexist, we generally need to follow basic rules or models such as national standards and industry specifications in our business.