Enter root mode
su Root
return normal mode su user name
Sudo-i This method to enter the password of the current administrator user can be entered into the root user
sudo passwd root
sudo passwd
1. Important several hotkeys [Tab],[ctrl]-c, [ctrl]-d
[Tab] Key---with "command completion" not "file full" function
[Ctrl]-c button---Let the current program "Stop"
[ctrl]-d Key---usually means: "Keyboard input ends (end of File, EOF end ofinput)" meaning; In addition, he can be used to replace exit
2, man
Exit with Q,
Man-f Mans
3. Data synchronously written to disk: Sync
Enter sync, and the data that has not been updated in memory will be written to the hard drive, so this led makes it important before the system shuts down and restarts cookbook. It's best to do it several times!
4, the customary shutdown command: Shutdown
In addition, it should be noted that the time parameter must be added to the directive, otherwise shutdown will automatically jump to Run-level 1 (that is, the single-person maintenance of the login), so it is a headache! Here are a few examples of time parameters:
Restart, shutdown: reboot, Halt,poweroff
5. Switch execution level: init
There are seven levels of execution in Linux:
--run Level 0: Shutdown
--run Level 3: Plain text mode
--run Level 5: Graphics interface mode included
--run Level 6: Restart
Use the init command to switch between the modes:
If you want to shut down, you can also use the following instructions to shut down your computer, in addition to the shutdown-h now and Poweroff above:
6. Change the file's owning group: CHGRP
7. Change the file owner: Chown
He can also change the name of the group directly dwellings
8, change the permissions of the file: chmod
There are two ways to set permissions, and you can use numbers or symbols to change permissions. |
--Digital Type change file permissions:
--Symbol Type change file permissions:
9. View version information, etc.
10. Change Directory: CD
11. Show current directory: PWD
12. Create a new directory: mkdir
It is not recommended to use the-P option, because you are worried that if you typo, the directory name will become messy.
13. Delete "Empty" directory: RmDir
14. Display of files and directories: LS
15. Copying Files or directories: CP
16. Removal of files or directories: RM
17. Moving files and directories, or renaming: MV
18, get the path of the file name and directory name: Basename,dirname
19, starting from the first line to display the contents of the archive: Cat
20. Starting from the last line: TAC (can see that the TAC is backwards written by cat)
21, display the time, by the output line number: NL
22, one page of the contents of the file: more
23, similar to more, but better than more, he can page forward: less
24, only a few lines: Head
25, only look at the end of a few lines: tail
26. Read the contents of the file in binary position: OD
27. Modify the file time or create a new profile: Touch
28. File Preset Permission: Umask
29. Profile File Hidden properties: Chattr
30. Show file Hidden properties: Lsattr
31. Observation file type: Files
32, look for "execution gear": which
33. Find specific files: Whereis
34. Find specific files: Locate
35. Find a specific file: Find
36. Compress files and read compressed files: Gzip,zcat
37. Compress files and read compressed files: Bzip2,bzcat
38. Compressing files and reading compressed files: Tar
Common basic commands for Linux