Common Linux Commands and features

The program obtained after the text mode login is called shell (Shell),

In a Linux system, each device is treated as a file, and each device has a device file name.

x [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F1] ~ [F6]: Text interface login Tty1 ~ TTY6 terminal;

x [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F7]: Graphical interface desktop.

Host name display usually takes the first letter before the decimal point

[Email protected] ~]$ _

["Current User's account" @ "host name" "Current directory"] "prompt character"

The leftmost vbird shows the "Current user's account number",

The www followed by @ is the hostname,

As far as the right-hand side refers to the "current directory",

That $ is the "hint character" we often talk about.

The ~ symbol represents the "User's home directory" meaning, he is a "variable!" 』

For example, Root's home directory is in/root, so ~ represents/root's meaning.

And Vbird's home directory in/home/vbird, so if you vbird login, he saw ~ will be equal to/home/vbird

Hint character, the default root prompt character is #, while the general identity user's prompt character is $

"Log Out of Linux" (not shutdown)

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"Release Instructions"

[Email protected] ~]$ command [-options] Parameter1 parameter2 ... directive option parameter (1) parameter (2)

The scratch number [] does not exist in the actual instruction, but when the option is added, the usual option is

Instructions, options, parameters, etc. these are separated by a space, regardless of the empty shell is considered a lattice;

When the instruction is too long, you can use a backslash (\) to jump off the [Enter] symbol, making the instruction contiguous to the next line.

Attention! The backslash is immediately followed by a special character to jump off!

"The first data entered is definitely an instruction or an executable file"!

"ls Command"

List "All hidden files and related file attributes" under "Home Directory (~)"

Displays the languages currently supported

[Email protected] ~]$ echo $LANG

Change language to become an English language

[Email protected]w ~]$ Lang=en_us Note that there is no space in the instruction, there are no spaces on either side of the equals sign

After logging out of Linux, the instructions you just issued are useless.

Formatted output of date

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Instructions for displaying calendars: Cal basic syntax

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The calculator: BC

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Quit <== leave BC this calculator

10/100 will become 0 because BC presets only output integers,

To output the number of decimal places, you must execute Scale=number (the number of decimals is turned on BC input)

There are two main situations when placing instructions in the instruction-column mode:

X one is that the instruction will display the result directly and then return to the command prompt character to wait for the next instruction input;

X is the environment in which the instruction is entered into the environment until the command prompt character is closed.

"Important few hotkeys [Tab], [Ctrl]-c, [ctrl]-d"

[Tab] is followed by the first word of a sequence of instructions, then the command is complete;
When [Tab] is connected to the second word of a sequence of instructions, it is "file completion"!

[Ctrl]-c can interrupt a running instruction

[ctrl]-d Keyboard input End

"Man page" (Command Manual): Usage: Man instruction internal instruction general use: Help instruction

After entering the function of the Man command, you can press "SPACEBAR" to page down, you can use [page up] and [Page DOWN] to page down can press "Q" button to leave the man's environment

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The meaning of the number following the query data: "1 3 5 8 very important

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"Man page component and meaning:

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"Man page Common keys:

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"Info page":

Info is about the same as man's use, and is used to query the usage of instructions or file formats. But unlike the man page, which outputs a bunch of information, the info page splits the file data into a single paragraph, each with its own page, and a "HYPERLINK" to a page similar to each page to jump to different pages, and each individual page is called a node ( Node

Files that support the Info directive are placed in the/usr/share/info/directory by default.

The Info page describes the file dependencies of the

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"Keys that can be used in the info page

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"" Additional description file path:/usr/share/doc

"Super Simple Document editor: Nano"

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"More important combinations of keys

x [ctrl]-g: Get online Help, it's useful!

x [ctrl]-x: Leave the Naon software, if you have changed the file will be prompted to store Oh!

x [Ctrl]-o: Save the file, if you have permission, you can save the file;

x [ctrl]-r: Read from other files, you can attach the contents of a file in this file;

x [ctrl]-w: Search string, this is also very helpful instructions Oh!

x [ctrl]-c: A description of the number of rows and columns at the current cursor location;

x [ctrl]-_: The line number can be entered directly, allowing the cursor to move quickly to the line;

x [alt]-y: Correction grammar function on or off (click on, then click Off)

x [alt]-m: The ability to support the mouse to move the cursor

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Common Linux Commands and features